North Carolina University Magazine

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THE

w

niversity Magazine,

1888.

■&*£&. to vm. CHAPEL HILL, N. C. No. i.

EDITORS:
PHI. DI.

Hunter L. Harris. Wm. Jas. Battle,

Logan D. Howell, Walter M. Hammond.

THE SHRUNKEN POND.

The other day I stood upon the shore

Of that dark pond, whereon I used to sail

My ships of whittled bark the waters o'er,

And walked — a child — upon the glittering shale :

The once-wide lake had shrunk into a mire,

The creek that fed it, to a puny rill ;

And all things noble in my childhood's eye

Were now become as dwarfish toys : — and still

Awhile entranced, I saw myself again

A child, and then the waters grew apace,

Becoming, as of old, a stately main,

That mirror'd once again a pleased face ;

For God's own fountains do not waste away,

But we grow broader, deeper, day by day.

Hunter L. Harris,

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.
OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. X.- -Bishot Green.

I cannot recall the year, but it must have been before Dr. Caldwell's
death, that I was one day at his house playing with some of Dr. Hoop-
er's children, and found my attention strongly attracted by the pres-
ence of a young lady visitor in the sitting room with Mrs. Caldwell.
Young ladies must have been scarce in Chapel Hill fifty and odd years
ago, and their visits like those of angels.

I know I could do nothing but stare- at this one, and I have now a
strong recollection of her appearance. She was dressed in white, and
sitting near a window on an old-fashioned "settee" with canebottom
and back. Her dress was of some very thin delicate materia!, and
flowed around her and over the settee in an ample way, as if it might
be half mist or cloud. She was extremely fair, her complexion very
brilliant, hair very abundant and of a rich dark brown color, her eyes
blue, with the far-off look in them given by extreme short-sightedness.
Her hands were the whitest, surely, I thought, of any mortal's, as she
busied them with some delicate needle-work. I observed that she was
very quiet and rather grave; that she blushed frequently, the rich color
deepening in her cheek, and that there was a sort of stilly grace and
reserve about her person that seemed to set her apart.

Altogether she filled up my childish idea of an angel, and though the
vision is now growing more dim, I still recall Miss Charlotte Fleming
with great delight. I came to know her well in after years, and did
not then think that she would have been called beautiful by most
persons, but she was always beautiful to me.

Near her that day sat a pretty little fair-haired boy, too shy to be
spoken to. I heard afterwards that he was her nephew, adopted by
her on the death of his mother, and that for his sake she had resolved
never to marry, but was going to devote her whole life to him.

Little did this lovely young lady think that in that very house she
was to preside for years the mistress and mother of a large family, the
wife of Prof. Green, of the University ; or that she would live still
longer at the head of his establishment in Mississippi, where he was
destined to be the first Bishop of the Episcopal church ; or that little
fair-haired boy would live to be the Rev. Thos. F. Davis, the Rector of

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. . 3

the Episcopal church of Chapel Hill, the existence of which had not then
crossed any man's mind as a possibility. He was a most excellent and
useful minister and a most loveable man.

Rev. Wm. Mercer Green, of Hillsboro, was elected Prof, of Belles
Lettres and Chaplain of the University in the year 1837. He was a
graduate of the year 1818 — seventy years ago ! And yet he has been
dead but little more than two years; and if I am not mistaken, at least
one of his classmates, Rev. Dr. Morrison, of Mecklenburg, still sur-
vives him.

He was a native of Wilmington, and on the mother's side of Quaker
descent. The people of that faith played a prominent part in the
early history of North Carolina, and some strain of their blood is
pretty widely diffused among us now. Something of our people's
sturdy resistance to wrong, and strong advocacy of individual rights
and beliefs, may be traced to their noted tendency to individualism,
and quiet tenacity of purpose. They also are apt to bequeath the
grace of simplicity in taste, and a restful, self-respecting repose of man-
ner. Dr. Green always spoke of his mother as with a deep sense of
his obligations to her for strictly careful and religious training.

He became an Episcopalian, perhaps while in college. It was said
his conversion and entrance into the ministry was due to the impres-
sion made by reading the Life of Bishop Berkeley. His first wife was
a Miss Sneed of Granville ; his second, the lady above mentioned.

He was Rector of the Episcopal church in Hillsboro when elected
to a professorship in his Alma Mater, and had been a very busy and
useful minister. It was said of him that his forte as a minister lay in
erecting church buildings, often ending in involving himself in the ex-
pense. He had been largely instrumental in building the Hillsboro
church, had enlarged its membership, and laid the foundations of its
prosperity.

Socially, Dr. Green was always a power. His manners were polished
and his address and conversation delightful, being open, cordial, genial,
vivacious, and with a little touch of mannerism that gave a distinctive
flavor. Just how many persons were attracted into the communion of
his church by the magnetism of his manner will never be known, but
they must have been many.

I do not remember anything about his removal to Chapel Hill, and
must have taken no interest in the arrival of our new neighbors. He

4 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

performed his duties in college for a year or so while still living in
Hillsboro. riding to and fro. Upon the removal of Rev. Dr. Hooper
to South Carolina, Dr. Green took the house vacated by him, being
the old Caldwell mansion, which had now passed into the possession of
the University. He had a very amiable family of children by his first
wife. The children of the second marriage were too small to be inter-
esting except as playthings.

What I remember chiefly about the family in those early days was
the air of good breeding that distinguished them all. There was not
any attempt at style or equipage in their living, but that delightful
air of old family gentility that is in no way dependent on upholsterers
or tailors for its effects. It was understood that the new professor
had crippled his own fortunes and those of both his wives in the ser-
vice of his church, but his well-trained family servants stepped about
as if they were none the less proud to belong to him. The head-ser-
vant, aunt Nanny, who had belonged to the first Mrs. Green, would
have given tone to a whole plantation of darkeys.

Over the sideboard hung a large and fine portrait of Bishop Ravens-
croft, in his robes stern and imposing, and with one finger raised as if
in admonition. It was a very striking picture, and seemed to domi-
nate the whole house.

Dr. Green's oldest son was in the U. S. Navy. His second, Stephen
Sneed, an extremely amiable young man, after graduating here, died
in Philadelphia of small-pox, while attending medical lectures. His
only daughter Mary, grew up here to a very winning and much ad-
mired young ladyhood, and died unmarried soon after the family's re-
moval to Mississippi.

She was lame from a fall on the ice in childhood, and this disadvan-
tage appeared to invest her with a more tender interest. She inherited
her father's magnetism, for without much personal beauty or any
special accomplishments she was always the centre of a circle of friends
and lovers. Her voice was especially sweet and clear, with a pathetic
note in it, and to hear her sing one of Moore's melodies to her guitar
of a moonlight night, was to feel that the mocking birds had a rival.
She had an exquisite ear for music, and led the singing in her church
services delightfully. Those were the days before the introduction of
these unhappy, wheezy little mclodeons which have so sadly lowered
the standard of church music in this generation. When she lay dying

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL, HILL. 5

in far-off Natchez, she suddenly roused and poured out her soul in the
"wild warbling measures," of a favorite hymn, and so singing, passed
away.

As a Professor, I suppose Dr. Green to have fully met the require-
ments of his day. They were not severe. He was himself an accu-
rate writer, and a very good reader and speaker.

His sermons, I think, were a little hedged in, so to speak, by the
conventionalities of the pulpit, which were of a good deal more impor-
tance then than of late years. But his excellent delivery, his agreeable
voice and manner would have made sermons of far less intrinsic value
interesting. He read the service of the Prayer-book beautifully, al-
ways devoutly and always as if every word of it was precious. I have
heard men of acknowledged oratorical eminence read that service, but
never one from whose lips it fell with such unction. I became a great
admirer of the Book and of the Church without being at all competent
to judge of either, solely from my attachment to this preacher.

Though Dr. Green was Chaplain of the University, yet the Sunday
services in the college chapel were shared by him with preachers of
other denominations. Dr. Mitchell would officiate on one Sabbath,
Dr. Green on the next, Dr. Deems on the next, and every visiting
clergyman of any orthodox church would be asked to take a turn, so
that we were at no loss, at least, for variety.

The night services were conducted on the same fraternal principles
in the village meeting-house, which stood where is now the Presbyte-
rian church. Whoever preached in the college chapel in the morning
was expected to hold forth in the village at night. We all worshipped
together, villagers and students and faculty folks. Everybody was in
-chapel at 1 1 a. m., and everybody was in the meeting-house at night.

It is very nice to have four handsome church edifices in our little
town. They add a certain dignity and grace, but I cannot but regret
those old homely days when all the neighbors met together and wor-
shipped in unison. Afer a while the Methodists, who had held their
membership out at Orange church, two miles from town on the road
to Hillsboro, began to thirst for ministrations less staid and formal
than those afforded by college professors, and took steps for holding
meetings of their own. They hired the room on the second floor of
Mr. McCaulay's store, which was then Mr. Jesse Hargraves', and fur-
nished it with needful seats and pulpit, and attracted there audiences

6 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

larger and much more interested than could be found elsewhere in town.
The village meeting-house night services were discontinued after
awhile.

Dr. Green felt his spirit stirred to emphasize the existence and atti-
tude of his own church. He had his parlor prepared every Sunday
night for public worship, and there the faithful few of the Episcopal
church who had, however, increased considerably in numbers since he
first came to Chapel Hill, met, together with such of their Presbyterian
neighbors, or outsiders of no church in particular, who did not care to
take the long walk to the Methodist place of worship.

Those were the days of many servants, or the weekly Sunday even-
ing task of carrying out furniture and carrying in benches to that ample
old parlor could hardly have been accomplished so punctually as it
was for several years.

Thegood Doctor's special accomplishment, that of church building, was
coming to the front again. Judge Battle's family, who came to Chapel
Hill in 1843, Pr of. Fetter's, Prof. J. DeB. Hooper's, Miss S. T. Mal-
lett's, Dr. J. B. Jones', and others, all felt the need of a public place of
worship for their own church. An Episcopal church building was re-
solved upon, and Dr. Green undertook to see it accomplished.

It was two or three years in the building, for the money came in
slowly; but at last, in the fall of 1848, the work was done, and the conse-
cration services were held by Bishop Ives and a large gathering of his
clergy. The new church was pronounced a very pretty building, and
an ornament to the village.

One enterprise of this sort is apt to bring on anofher. The Presby-
terians were not satisfied to be left houseless, and Dr. James Phillips
bestirred himself to see that they should be provided for. It was char-
acteristic of Dr. Green that he should begin with his brick-making and
his plans and his carpenters, and had his walls up without knowing
precisely how or when it was to be completed, and it was equally
characteristic of his neighbor, Dr. Phillips, that he would have no
brick made, and enter into no contract till he had every dollar of the
sum needed collected, and placed in bank. The Presbyterian church
was completed in 1849, within a year of its foundation, and dedicated
just a year after the Episcopal.

It was next in order for the Methodists to move for a church. Their
present building was finished in 1 S53— '54. The Baptist church was

V

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 7

built in 1855, chiefly by the exertions of Rev. George Purefoy, an ex-
cellent and influential minister of that denomination living in the
neighborhood.

I do not know that Dr. Green had very much comfort in his new
church after all. As often happens, when we set our minds very stren-
uously upon the accomplishment of a cherished design, there will be
some flaw, some hindrance or vexation supervening to mar our en-
joyment of our finished work.

All this church building had evoked some rivalry, or some occult ill-
feeling, turning principally upon certain University regulations which
were then in force, and which the Trustees declined to revoke in favor
of the new churches and their services. The students were still re-
quired to attend divine services in the college chapel on Sunday morn-
ing, whether there was any other congregation there or not. And the
Faculty held it still to be their duty to attend them.

The good Doctor felt himself ill-used in the matter, and there was a
good deal of heart burning all round.

Just at this time, i849-'50, Dr. Green unexpectedly received a call
to be the first Bishop of the Episcopal church in Mississippi, and ac-
cepted it gladly. His work here was perhaps done. It is well when
men can recognize that. But he had many friends who were sorry to
see him go. No more kindly gentleman, no better friend and neigh-
bor has Chapel Hill ever possessed.

As for Mrs. Green, retired as her life had been, owing to much ill
health and the cares of a large family, she was as much lamented as
her good husband. I do not think I identified her with the lovely
young lady of my devotion till she had lived here some years, and I
had grown up into some degree of familiarity with her. She was one
of a thousand. Reserved and quiet and shy, low voiced and reticent
of speech, modest and blushing like a girl to the last of her life, she
was always deferred to, for she had a strong mind and a weighty char-
acter. She very seldom visited, was very seldom seen in society or on
the streets, but her influence was felt, the influence that emanates
from a consistent life ordered upon sound principles. It was generally
understood that what Mrs. Green said or did was always the proper
thing, and people who hardly ever spoke to her were glad to have her
good opinion.

She was a staunch churchwoman of the old fashioned type, uncom-

8 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

promising but saintly. She had too much piety to be uncharitable,
and too much sense to be narrow, but she and the Bishop both be-
longed to the school of Ravenscroft and Hobart, a school too rigid in
its lines to allow of much outgrowth to their church predilections.
Her reading v/as sound, but old-fashioned. She would digest a stiff
Theological treatise or an essay on education, or a volume of sermons
in preference to any sort of light literature.

That was the mental diet for ladies sixty years ago who were at all
"superior." Now-a-days superior ladies show their superiority by
reading everything, and, if anything be omitted, it is likely to be the
Theology. I remember very well seeing " Edwards on the Will," a
favorite accompaniment of my mother's leisure hours. I am not now
acquainted with any woman who likes such reading.

It may have been that they had in those days very little choice.
Macaulay points out that the wonderful linguistic accomplishments
• of Lady Jane Grey and the ladies of England in her time, arose from
the fact that if they did not read Latin and Greek and Hebrew they
had no other resource. And so in North Carolina in the first half of
this century, seriously and intellectually disposed women formed their
taste on "Butler's Analogy" or " Edwards on the Will," or " South's
Sermons," where now their daughters and granddaughters may turn
to Drummond, or Clarke, or Keble, or Trench for sweetness and light.
Books came to North Carolina slowly when the four-horse wagon was
the connecting link with our seaports. The family sugar and coffee,
and the dry goods had to be hauled over seventy-five or a hundred
miles of red mud and rocks and corduroy railroads, and boxes of
books added to these loads would have appeared " foolishness."

(I don't know that books are a favorite article of freight even yet).

After Dr. Green's departure, Rev. Dr. Wheat, of Tennessee, was
elected to his chair. Dr. Hubbard had succeeded to Prof. J. DcB.
Hooper in the Latin, and Chapel Hill altogether took on a new and
perhaps a more enlarged order of things.

I am not sufficiently informed to speak confidently of Bishop Green's
thirty five years' work in the Diocese of Mississippi. I know that at
first it was not held to be successful, and that he himself was dis-
couraged. He was not the man for a comparatively new country, be-
ing himself too much wedded to old forms of thought and old usages
and interpretation's. However, he had a gallant spirit and struggled

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 9

on through many difficulties, and had at last the comfort of seeing
the new day dawning and a new impulse given to all the operations of
his' beloved church.

As he grew old, his catholicity took wider views, not loving his own
church less, but all others more. He loved to revisit North Carolina
and Chapel Hill from time to time, and appeared to us the ideal
Bishop, breathing only love and benediction. He lived to his eighty-
ninth year — a benign and beautiful old age — and so blessed in the re-
view of his life's work, so happy in the love of friends and children,
that he begged them constantly to pray for him that he might not be
having all his good things in this life.

His saintly wife had died many years before him, and he had had
to mourn the deaths of several of his children after reaching maturity.
Two of his younger set became useful ministers of his church ; and one,
named for his life-long Carolina friend, Judge Duncan Cameron, died
at his post in Memphis a victim to the yellow fever that was devas-
tating his flock.

When the Federal army took possession of Jackson, among other
outrages they burned to the ground the Bishop's residence. His val-
uable library, the accumulation of years, his papers, furniture — -ev-
erything was swept.

In this he only shared the lot of very many of his flock and personal
friends. Those who have read the charming memoir of CoL Thomas
Dabney of Mississippi, by his daughter Mrs. Smedes, will learn from
that what was the fate of Southern planters and Southern house-
holders at the hands of our conquerors. Such is war.

Col. Dabney was one of Bishop Green's warm friends. They
must have been congenial, and I have thought that the lovely
character of Mrs. Sophia Dabney was in some points very like
that of Mrs. Green, though from the widely differing circumstances
of their lives, Mrs Green must have developed into the stronger, gra-
ver, more responsible woman.

The Bishop being houseless took up his abode at Sewanee Univer-
sity, finally, an institution of which he had been one of the chief
founders. His building instinct had full development here, and it was
surely one of the many providential blessings of his old age that he
was permitted to work for that University and to see his work prosper
in his hands from year to year. He continued his Episcopate func-

io THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

tions down to nearly the last, enjoying, if ever man did, "a green old
age."

His last visit to Chapel hill was in the spring of '84, and he stood
with many others in the campus to see the raising of the wonderful
arches of Memorial Hall. In this beautiful building he expressed a
most vivid interest, as indeed he ever did in all things relating to the
University. One of the last great gratifications of his life was the
knowledge that his name would have a tablet within those walls. He
had learned that it was the intention of Mr. P. C. Cameron thus to
honor trie memory of his own and his father's revered friend, and he
wrote Mr. Cameron a loving letter of thanks, which was found among
his papers and forwarded to Mr. Cameron a month or two after his
death in the early spring of 1887.

The American people are still largely a migratory people. Even in
a small place like Chapel Hill this is continually seen. Very few in-
deed of the families I have known in childhood or in middle life have
now any representatives in their old homes. Their graves are scattered
far and wide, and their children and grandchildren have helped to
build up the mighty West, the Northwest, the Southwest, and are
still moving towards the sunset.

It is a little depressing for those who remain to watch wave succeed-
ing wave. Strange faces again and again looking out of the old win-
dows, strange children playing in the old yards, new comers in the old
church seats.

One of the prettiest of Mrs. Hemans' minor poems represents a
wanderer begging to be allowed to revisit the home of his childhood.
He is told that there is no one there to know him now ; all have de-
parted ; his very name is unknown. At last, he cries :

I " Are they gone, all gone from the sunny hill? —
But the blue-bird and buttettly roam o'er it still."

And so we must console ourselves. Much remains. " The old famil-
iar faces" are gone, but the new ones are friendly, and Chapel Hill
air is still sweet, the birds still sing, and the wild-flowers bloom.

Mrs. C. P. Spencer.

TRANSLATIONS FROM HORACE. n

HORACE, ODE 5, BOOK II.

Not yet rash Hymen's yoke she'll bear,
Not yet she's fit with man to pair ;
Not yet could she thy passions tame :
Too young her years, too weak her frame.

With purer thoughts her fancy teems,
Soft now her sleep and sweet her dreams.
In girlish sports swift pass her days,
And childish now her winning ways.

Forbear to crave the unripe grape :
Let patience all thy actions shape: —
Till autumn lend the purple dye,
Far from this verdant bower fly.

For by and by she'll hie to thee,
And be indeed thy Lalage.
Time all discrepancies will cure,
Will make her ripe and thee mature.

Yes, by and by, with sweet accord
Sweet Lalage will own her lord :
She'll nestle on thy manly breast,
Nor weary grow though oft caressed.

Then loved shall be thy Lalage,
As was not loved thy Pholoe
Nor Chloris, with her shoulders fair,
As beams the moon on midnight air.

W. N. Mebane,

HORACE, ODE 5, BOOK I.

What graceful youth on many a rosy bed,
With liquid perfumes breathing round his head,
For whom thou hast thy locks in simple neatness laid r
Embraces thee, O Pyrrha, neath the grateful shade ?

12 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

How oft shall he thy fickle heart deplore,

And changed gods ! He, at old ocean's roar,

When white-capped waves by blackening storms are tossed,

Untaught, shall stand amazed and gaze in rapture lost.

He credulous, thy qualities all gold

Enjoys, and since of faithless winds untold,

Still hopes that in the future thou may'st always be

As now, in love so loving and in fancy free.

How wretched he whom passion tempts to sip

The nectar sparkling on thy ruby lip,

Or seek thy other charms : for soon thou'lt heartless prove

And show thyself most scornful of his love.

Behold in Neptune's Fane, the sacred wall

By votive tablet indicates to all,

How I my garments, wet with ocean's 'wildering spray,

Have hung a sacrifice of love's lone cast-a-way.

T. M. Lee.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HORACE.

We do not often look in poetry to find philosophy, but every true
poet is a philosopher. Shakespeare saw life and nature more clearly
than Bacon ; and it may be a question whether now, after centuries of
additional thought and investigation, after looking with telescope,
microscope and spectroscope, we l>ave seen further or more deeply into
nature than did the magic eyes of that wondrous seer. Medical
specialists have given their lives to the study and description of insan-
ity, but it seems to be reserved for the clearer vision and deeper sym-
pathy of the poet to bring insanity before our eyes. We are better
acquainted with Lear and Hamlet, with Ophelia and Margaret, than
with any one of the million insane who have actually lived.

The poetic comprehension of nature has often preceded the scien-
tific ; and the theories of the philosopher are frequently but the dreams
of the poet. We may look to the prophetic and penetrating genius

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HORACE. 13

of poetry to discover, if such discoveries shall ever be made, the subtle
and mysterious relation between mind and matter, between life and
growth, between disease and death. We may look for the poet to tell
us what it is that binds the molecules together ; what is that mys-
terious power which we gravely denominate gravity.

The poet Horace was an interpreter of human life. Although
nature was full of charms for his rich and playful fancy, yet his prac-
tical and philosophic mind preferred to study men. For this he had
abundant opportunities in a rich and varied experience of life. His
humble birth and boyhood among the farmers of Apulia ; his youth
and schooling in Rome ; his travels and studies in Greece and Asia ;
his experience as a soldier in the army of Brutus ; his position as a
clerk in one of the departments of the government at Rome ; his easy
and friendly companionship with the statesmen, the scholars, the mil-
lionaires and the soldiers of the age, 00 less than his independent life
among the loafers, the hucksters, the gamblers, the fortune-tellers, and
the Roman rabble who frequented the Forum, the Circus Maximus,
and the Via Sacra ; his free and easy style of living and of traveling,
"riding," as he says, " all alone whenever he pleases, astraddle of a
bob-tailed mule, even from Rome to Tarentum ; " all these and other
like experiences indicate that he had seen somewhat of life, and would
sing of humanity, not as a closet, poet, but as one who, sharing its
common taint, might chant a sweet philosophy for trouble and sorrow.
The age was rich in human greatness, but was poor in human happi-
ness. Beneath the smiling courtesy of the politician, the purple toga
of the conqueror, the wine-flushed laughter 0/ the reveler and the
fat complacency of the banker, the shrewd eye of Horace observed
heavy hearts and weary souls. In the midst of an intellectual and
physical activity which marked the climax of the Roman civilization,
there was profound and universal unrest. Philosophers, with their
little plummets, were trying to fathom the bottomless ocean of life.
The Epicureans denied that human affairs were regulated by the gods,
and proclaimed that happiness was the object of life and pleasure the
avenue to happiness. The Stoics enjoined the pursuit of wisdom as
the chief duty of life, and the only means whereby man might secure
immortality and become as one of the gods. We recognize in these
opposing philosophies the apparently eternal conflict between the intel-
tual and physical natures of man. Early in life the poet Horace was an

i 4 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Epicurean. Describing his journey with Maecenas to Brundusium, he
says that, when the company reached Egnatia, they had a good laugh
over a pretended miracle which the people of the place claimed was
performed in the temple. " They try to persuade us," he says, " that
frankincense melts without fire in the door of the temple. They may
tell that to the Jews, not me ; for I have learned that the gods lead a
lazy life, and do not trouble themselves to send down from the vault
of heaven all the curious miracles that happen in nature."

In an epistle to his friend Albius Tibullus, the elegiac poet, he
makes a distinct avowal of Epicureanism :

"Albius, gentle critic of my Satires, what shall I say that you are
doing now in the country around Pedum? Writing something,
or stealing silently amid, the healthful woods, musing whatever is
worthy one like yourself, both wise and good? The gods have given
you beauty, the gods have given you wealth and the skill to enjoy it;
what more could a fond nurse pray for a darling charge? * * *

"Albius, come and see me ; you will laugh to see me plump and
sleek, a well-fed hog of the herd of Epicurus."

When age had diminished his passions and matured his intellect,
Horace renounced the philosophy of Epicurus and embraced that of
the Stoics. He was an Epicurean from natural bent : he becomes a
Stoic from intellectual conviction. In his zeal for the newly chosen
philosophy he even gives up the writing of poetry. In an epistle to
Maecenas he says: " I lay down verses and every other toy. What
is true and becoming I study and inquire, and am all absorbed in this ;
I amass and arrange my stores, so that afterwards I may be able to
bring them forth." Again he says: "As the night is long to those
whose sweetheart plays them false ; as the day is long to those who
work for debt, so, slow and joyless flow to me the hours that delay my
hope and purpose to do with diligence that which is profitable alike
to the poor, alike to the rich; and which, if neglected, will be injurious,
alike to the young, alike to the old."

He is seeking after truth and thinks to find it in the Stoic philos-
ophy. Presently he even accepts the Stoic dogma that only the wise
man is free, all others being slaves to ignorance and vice. " Who is
the free man?" he asks, in one of the Satires, and answers with the
arrogant complacency of a perfect Stoic, " The wise man, for he is his
own master, and fears neither poverty nor chains nor death ; he is

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HORACE. 15

strong enough to beat down his lusts and despise worldly honors ; he
is a perfect man, smooth and polished ; and Fortune rushes against him
harmless."

But Horace's good judgment and exquisite sense of humor do not
allow him long to maintain this radical view of wisdom. Although a
follower of Stoicism, he must needs laugh at its extreme complacency ;
and he soon caricatures with exquisite touch the picture that he had
previously drawn of the wise man. " The wise man is inferior to
nobody but Jupiter : the wise man is rich, is free, is beautiful, in short
his kingdom is over kings ; above all things, the wise man is always
healthy — except when he has a bad cold in his head." We are forci-
bly reminded of Shakespeare's similarly expressed verse,

" For there was never yet philosopher
That could endure the tooth-ache patiently."

It is easy to see that a man of Horace's practical sense and experi-
ence could not remain a Stoic. A broader acquaintance with life soon
convinced him that the true philosophy of life was contained exclu-
sively neither in the Stoic nor in the Epicurean doctrines, but that
both philosophies were essential to happiness. He settled down
finally in the belief that not pleasure alone, nor wisdom alone, can
produce happiness ; but that happiness comes from moderation and
contentment. '

" There is a mean," he says, "in all things; there are fixed limits,
outside of which neither truth nor right can exist."

" The wise man would deserve the name of fool, the just man of
wicked, should he seek virtue itself beyond what is sufficient." The
same idea is powerfully expressed by Solomon : "Be not righteous
overmuch, neither make thyself overwise. Why shouldst thou destroy
thyself?" and Burns has clothed the sentiment in the pretty dress of
poetry :

" My son, these maxims make a rule,
And lump them aye tegither ;
The rigid righteous is a fool,
The rigid wise anither."

This is the philosophy of Horace's Lyrics. His Satires and Epis-
tles are evidence of the process by which he passed- through Epicu-
reanism and Stoicism into the philosophy of moderation and content-
ment. He dares to say that mediocrity is the price of happiness, and

\6 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

to declare that mediocrity is golden. The middle classes in society
are the happiest, he says, and small possessions are essential to hap-
piness. " They thai seek much lack much. Happy is he to whom
God has given with sparing hand no more than enough." Again, in
loftier flight, he sings :

" Non possidentem multa vocaveris
Recte beatum : rectius occupat
Nomen beati, qui deorum
Muneribus sapienter uti

" Duramque callet p^uperiem pati
Pejusque leto flagitium timet,
Non ille pro caris amicis
Aut patria timidus perire."

Horace's philosophy cannot produce a high degree of happiness.
It is deficient in faith and hope. It lacks buoyancy and self-reliance.
He fears the gods, but neither loves them nor trusts them. He has
confidence neither in the mighty power of humanity as it grows to
divine perfection, nor in the loving care of the gods. He awaits the
future with philosophic fortitude, not with strong and buoyant hope.
He is a poet deficient in veneration. Both his poems and his philos-
ophy lack the tenderness and the lofty spirit born of trust in God and
faith in man.

The Ode to Licinius (Book II, Ode 10), is the happiest of his odes
on life. It is the calm conclusion of a philosopher. Compare it with
the Twenty-third Psalm. The one is a triumphant song of faith, the
other a cool submission to fate ; the one is full of courage, animated by
hope and trust, the other is full of fortitude, based upon the convic-
tion of helplessness ; the one is the voice of the soul, the other the
voice of the intellect.

Geo. T. Winston.

COLONEL JOHN A. LILLINGTON.

The following sketch of a very promising lawyer of this State, once
Senator from Rowan and Surry, who was cut off by death in early
manhood, is found among the archives of the Alumni Association of
the University. There is no signature to the paper, but it is supposed
to have been written by the late eminent author of "The Life and

COLONEL JOHN A. LILLINGTON, 17

Correspondence of James Iredell," Griffith J. McRee, of Wilming-
ton. We are sure that our readers will find it not only interesting, but
a valuable contribution to the history of the State.

Col. John Alexander Lillington was born in the town of Wilming-
ton in the year 1820, April 8th. His mother was Mary, daughter of
Dr. Nathaniel Hill, of Rocky River. His father, Major John A. Lil-
lington, for many years clerk and treasurer to the town of Wilming-
ton and cashier of the branch of the Bank of the State, was the
grandson of the illustrious general, who at Moore's Creek first received
and broke the shock of those veteran Highlanders who, during the
war of the Pretender, had, by their dashing gallantry, won for them-
selves a world-wide renown. The subject of this sketch received the
rudiments of instruction from that estimable lady, the late Mrs.
Coxetto, of Wilmington, to whom many generations have been in-
debted in a similar manner. During Mr. Lillington's boyhood there
were several schools opened and kept in town, some for long and some
for short periods. He attended those taught by Mr. Junius Moore
and John G. Elliott, Mr. Wilkes, and the Rev. John Burke. About
1829 or 1830, he was entrusted to the care of Mr. William H. Hardin,
of Pittsboro, Chatham county, and remained under his roof for some
years. It was here that the foundation of his learning was fairly laid,
and his mind fashioned and moulded for usefulness. Mr. Hardin, a
graduate, of the University, is an admirable scholar. Of his skill as
a teacher, Mr. Lillington and the orator of this occasion, Mr. George
Davis, are honorable proofs. Licensed to practise law, such was Mr.
Hardin's excessive diffidence, his lack of ambition, and indolence of
temperament, that he soon abandoned a profession he was well calcu-
ted to adorn and over whose dry descriptions he would have thrown
the brilliant hues of an exquisite genius. Devoted thoroughly to the
duties he had assumed, his scholars all cherish a high appreciation of
his ability as a teacher and amiability as a man.

Mr. Lillington entered the University of North Carolina in 1836,
and graduated June, 1840, with greatest distinction. He had mind
enough to master anv subject within the sco'pe of man's attainment ;
stood high as a scholar, but was especially distinguished as a graceful
writer and effective debater. His class was one more than ordinarily
remarkable for ability. It embraced such men as David A. Barnes,
2

i8 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Tod R. Caldwell, John W. Cameron, William Henderson, Albert and
William Shipp and Calvin H. Wiley, all men of mark, the latter the
author of the best history of the State ever published. Mr. Lillington
read law, after his graduation, under Judge Pearson, at Mocksville.

However it maybe in other countries, in the United States a man who,
like Lillington, achieves fame, is eminently the architect of his own
fortune, a self-made man. Two young men are competing, one the
son of a blackguard, the other the son of a gentleman, equals in tal-
ent and merit. In the struggle for wealth and honor, the latter labors
under peculiar disadvantages. The former starts on the way at the
first tap of the drum, borne onward to his goal by popular prejudice
as by an Arab steed. The latter finds the same popular prejudice an
impediment in his way that must first be overcome before he can con-
ciliate friendship. Hard will be the task to repulse the reproach of
clean hands and unstained lineage. He will be charged with decided
preferences for Addison rather than Coke, for " Ah ! non giunge,"
rather than the "Old North State ;" the fine arts, rather than the use-
ful and practical. Serious charges ! In the case of Lillington, we fear
too true. For, though he had not fortune enough to be luxurious, yet
his tendencies were obnoxious to the above charge. They were more
than tendencies, positive inclinations, however checked by a sense of
duty to himself and family. If Lillington had remained at home, such
was his " bonhomie," so versatile and decided his talents, that I doubt
not he would have eventually acquired position in despite of all diffi-
culties. His determination to leave home, however, was wise. In
Davie, among strangers, the man had fair play ; and, as a natural con-
sequence, the°public respect and affection were soon gained. He had
only to be truly known to be loved. In 1842, Mr. Lillington secured
the crowning blessing of his life in a union with Miss Betty Williams,
the daughter of Nicholas L. Williams, of Surry, a gentleman whose
name in North Carolina is a synonym for a warm heart and generous
hospitality.

Mr. Lillingtonjwas too short a time at the bar to be a recognized
leader, but his learning and eloquence made him very prominent in his
circuit. He was ^certainly second to no man of his age. He was
thoroughly imbued with the spirit of polite literature. Few men have
acquired in so short a time a profounder knowledge of law or a more
familiar and dexterous acquaintance with the practice of its courts.

COLONEL JOHN A. LILLINGTON. 19

Around the iron structure of his vigorous logic, his fancy threw a pur-
ple haze, that, while softening their sharp angle-s and toning down all
that was too rugged in their strength, enveloped them as with a halo.

He was elected and served as Senator from Rowan and Davie during
the legislative sessions of I 848-1850 and 1852. He was pure and en-
lightened in his public policy. As a speaker, he was always well
informed, prompt and forcible, particularly eminent for quickness of
apprehension and readiness of repartee. I heard him often in the
Assembly and, though a young member, no man more impressed me.
On one occasion so great was the success of his oratory that he
extorted the plaudits of the galleries. No people are more distin-
guished for their observance of decorum than the inhabitants of North
Carolina; but Lillington, by one of those happy strokes, peculiarly
characteristic of genius, touched a chord that vibrated in every heart.
The impulse to cheer was irresistible. The fine form of the orator
seemed to dilate into more commanding proportion; the eye, usually
soft as a woman's, flashed with the fire of the " divinity that stirred
within ;" the tremulous voice grew firm, and deepened in its tones;
its sound incited like the roll of the signal drum ; it startled like the
roar of the first gun of the battle. The shock was electric, the tri-
umph complete !

It is not pretended that Lillington was without blemish ; but I be-
lieve that his errors sprang from the excess of his virtues. He had
a taste for poetry and music and a ready hand for good fellowship. He
wrote verses, told a good story, sang a good song. Genial in his tem-
perament, sometimes in his hours of recreation he was a little disposed
to be convivial. Let those who think they atone for their own sins
by holding up to the public gaze those of their neighbors, denounce ;
for myself — .

Had Lillington lived long enough, incited by the general flame that
burned in his breast, he would have striven for and gained the proud-
est honor within the grasp of genius and assiduity. While the mas-
tery of lighter studies was to him a relaxation and pleasure, he could
grapple with the exact sciences with success. By nature he was
attuned to all its harmonies, and had an eye for all its beauties. He
was a man of stalwart frame and fine personal appearance.

He died August, 1854, just after his election as Senator from Davie

20 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

and Rowan, his death being precipitated by the fatigue and exposure
of the canvass.

There is a superstitious belief in the Lillington family that there
cannot be more than one man of the name at the same time. If the
family continues to furnish such men as Governor Lillington, General
Lillington and Col. J. A. Lillington, whatever its peculiarities, the
people of North Carolina cannot but cherish for it veneration and love.

MACBETH.

This tragedy is a wild, terrible struggle against circumstances and a
corrupted heart. Mr. Hudson calls it "a tempest set to music."

Macbeth, the man, is an impersonation of intellect, imagination, and
courage. Truth and honor are "a passion with him." His love is
wonderful and terrible, because it is so closely woven into his fall.

He is introduced to us as a warrior in the " day of success," " carving
out his passage " with a sword which " smoked with bloody execution."

And when his mind has become " filled with scorpions," when there
is no more rest, no more happiness, his wife crazed, his Thanes desert-
ing him, his honor and all gone, feeling that his life is "a tale told by
an idiot, full of sound and fury signifying nothing," his courageous
heart lifts itself above all this agony : " I'll fight till from my bones
the flesh be hacked." What courage he has! bear-like, indeed, but so
because he was driven to desperation. Sjjch is the entrance, and such
the exit of Macbeth.

When he meets the weird sisters on the blasted heath, his heart
is already corrupt and murderous. Ambition has proved too strong
for his passion for honor and truth.

While he was "carving out his passage," the feeling stole over him

unawares that he ought to be king. Unconsciously he yields to the

feeling. He did not know he felt so, but when the weird sisters greet

him as king, his foul heart is revealed to himself:

" All hail, Macbeth, that shall be king hereafter."
BANQUO. " Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear things
That do sound so fair?"

MACBETH. 21

So Macbeth starts at that prophecy. His murderous heart re-
sponds, and he is astonished to realize his own evil purpose.
Banquo turns to the sisters and continues —

" If you can look into the seeds of time »

And say which grain will grow and which will not,
Speak to me, who neither beg nor fear
Your favors nor your hate."

As soon as Macbeth realized his corruption, he went into a reverie.

He recovers when the sisters are about to leave. He commanded

them to stay, and tell him more, objecting to the prophecy on the

ground of its improbability. He ends his words to them by :

" Speak, I charge ye."

[Witches Vanish.]
Banquo. " The earth hath bubbles as the water has,

<. And these are of them."
Macbeth. " Would they had staid !"

It is patent how each receives the prophecy. They prophesied that
Banquo's issue should be kings, but he cares nothing for them. His
questions to them are rather from curiosity than real desire. He be-
spoke himself aright when he said, " who neither beg nor fear your fa-
vors nor your hate." Not so Macbeth. The words find a response
in his guilty heart. They throw him into a reverie. He immediately
reasons the matter with himself and them.

So he is resolved on murder. But his reason was still with him,
" that large discourse of reason which looks before and after," and,
with time, it convinced him that murder meant misery here in this
world even. The future world did not trouble him. He was willing
to risk that ; he had already consented in thought and will to the
murder.

Macbeth, Soliloquizing : —

" If 'twere done when 'tis done, then 'twere well
It were done quickly.

* * * * That but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,
We'd jump the life to come. But in these cases
We still have judgment here ; that we but teach
Bloody instructions, which being taught return
To plague the inventor : this even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
To our own lips."

22 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

At first blush he is resolved on murder, but he is convinced that it is
misery. This feeling is never overcome. He never becomes recon-
ciled to committing the murder. He does it under compulsion, and
becomes a mere tool. More of this later.

To sustain this I must bring out his character and Lady Macbeth's
influence over him. His domestic relations are beautiful. Lady
Macbeth thinks him "too full of the milk of human kindness," and
" though not without ambition, yet without the illness that attends
it," and again she says, by way of caution, " your face, my Thane, is as
a book where men may read strange things." He himself, when re-
solved to commit the murder, is sorry that he must be one thing and
appear another. He says : " False face must hide what the false heart
does know."

What a beautiful tribute these words are! He loves his wife very dearly.
He knows he will see her in a few hours, but must write: " This I have
thought good to deliver thee, my dearest partner of greatness, that
thou might'st not lose the dues of rejoicing, by being ignorant of
what greatness is promised thee" — simple and strong, the words a
warrior puts his love in.

His passion for truth is shown in two master strokes — exactly alike —

one powerful, but both together, a transcendent stroke.

Lady M. " When goes Duncan hence?"
Macbeth. " To-morrow — as he purposes."

The lady is supposed to ask what Duncan's intent is. Macbeth an-
swers this question truthfully, but the positive " to morrow " brings
his murderous intent to his mind, and he catches himself, and answers
so as to be true even to his own murderous purpose. And so it is:
we are corrupted, but still retain some of our former nobility. We
are loth to acknowledge complete degradation. Even the direst of
criminals sometimes show a beautiful touch of feeling or thought.
Hamlet's mother at Ophelia's grave is a beautiful illustration of it.

His old honor sparkles out brightly for a moment. Lady Macbeth
abuses him, calls him coward, forestalls all reasoning by making it a
matter of love to her. He says:

" I'rythee, peace.
I dare do all that may become a man,
Who dares do more is none."

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are a strange contrast. Of the two, he is by

MACBETH. 23

far the superior. In intellect and imagination she does not approach
him, but in will she is superior, and "thereby hangs a tale." Her will is
incomparable. In regard tothis matterof intellectual superiority, I am at
variance with one great authority, who says Lady Macbeth was mentally
superior to Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is not undervalued by me. She was
keen, quick, sagacious. How wonderfully she overcomes Macbeth by
refusing to reason the murder with him! Her will then got complete
sway over him. He was really no more in the murder than a knife
would have been, in her hands. He was dazed, amazed when he struck
the blow. He was not even thinking about the act, but left it half
done, like a senseless machine : it does no more than you have set it for.
She had the quickness of a woman, he the solidness of a man. Her
mind looked only at the end, one-idead, concentrated, narrow, like a
woman's. His reason comprehended the whole thing. He had "that
large discourse of reason." I am at variance in this with a great au-
thority, but then, you know, Mrs. Jameson and Lady Macbeth are
both women. I must tell you that this authority is Mrs. Jameson,
and so she claims superiority for Lady Macbeth.

Even ambition cannot cloud his reason, or restrain it in narrow
bounds. It tells him what the consequences will be. He says :

" We will proceed no further in this business.
He hath honored me of late; and I have bought
Golden opinions from all sorts of people,
Which should be worn now in their newest gloss,
Not cast aside so soon."

The result is necessary to show us that greatness won by crime and
sin brings misery. But Macbeth's intellect is too great to be so blindly
led, even by ambition. He realizes this beforehand.

He is usually thought weaker than she. I must confess I thought
so at first, but not so. He is stronger. His apparent weakness and
vacillation is hesitancy, because his reason was averse to the deed.
Her very unreasonableness is what makes her seem strong. She was
the real murderer of Duncan. Macbeth was the knife with which she
slew him. And with Duncan's death, her reign ceases. Her blind
will had driven her on, and when the reality pours over her, it bears
away her sweet dream of ambition, bringing instead misery, madness
and death. Her unreasonable will was her strength. Macbeth had
weighed the result. Without hesitation he kills the grooms. He says:

24 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

" Here lay Duncan,
His silver skin laced with his golden blood.

* * * * There the murderers,
Steeped in the colors of their trade.

* * * * Who could refrain
That had a heart to love, and in that heart
Courage to make love known ?

Lady M. Help me hence ! ho !"

He kills the grooms, he tells the tale. She faints. Poor lady !
Nature claims her own ! Thou art but a woman after all thy boasted
strength. Thou sawest nothii.g but bright days of joy, thy husband
king, thyself a queen. But there arenightsof misery come upon thee!
What saids't thou ? "A little water clears us of this deed." What
says't thou now?

" Out, damned spot ! Out, I say !

The Thane of Fife had a wife once.
Where is she now ? What ?
Will these hands never be clean ?
No more of that, my lord,
You mar all with your starting.

$ $ % $ # ♦

Here's the smell of blood still.

All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. O! O! O!"

How pitiful, how pitiful a contrast to thy "little water." So Mac-
beth is the stronger. After Duncan is murdered, he accepts the con-
sequences. He heaps up murder on murder, no hesitation, no vacil-
lating now. Reason says: "Go on, it can't be worse, it may be better."
She has no hand or voice in any of them. His is the strength of
reason and courage, hers the strength of unreasonable will ; hers
overcoming his at the moment, but giving way when it is called upon
to endure the consequences; his a lasting, enduring strength. She
dies insane, he dies in armor.

It was not ambition only, as is commonly thought, which induced
Macbeth to commit the murder. Ambition causes us to do things
which will result in ease, glory, wealth, or some other thing from
which we expect to derive satisfaction. I have shown you that Mac-
beth expected no happiness from it. He looks for the poisoned
chalice to be put to his own lips. What does he say after the mur-
der? Lady Macbeth has gone to take thebloody daggers back :

MACBETH. 25

" What hands are these ?
Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood
Clean from my hand ? No. This my hand will rather
The multitudinous sea incarnadine
Making the green, one red."

The real consequences come to him with additional force now. How-
like her, when long after, she says " all the perfumes." From this mo-
ment his life is one fitful, feverish agony. He tries to take comfort in
the prophecy that " no man of woman born" can hurt him, and that
Birnam wood must come to Dunsinane, but, though he does seem a
slave to superstition, it gives him no rest, no comfort. Lady Macbeth's
death is announced to him. His " dear partner of greatness " is gone.
Hear our brave 'Macbeth pour out the misery of his soul. It is a most
beautiful passage of slow lingering verse suiting sound to sense :

" She would have died hereafter.

To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day

To the last syllable of recorded time,

And all our yesterdays have lighted fools

The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle !

Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player,

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,

And then is heard no more; it is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing."

. He thought it would be so, and so it is. It may seem strange that
one of such intellect, as I have claimed for Macbeth, should become a
mere tool. Why did he murder Duncan, if it was not his ambition
which drove him to it ? Three causes appear:

1st. Lady Macbeth's indomitable, unreasonable will, by its very un-
reasonableness, conquered him. In close connection with this is his
wonderful imagination, and her comparative lack of it. At the thought
of murder his mind is filled with horrid images. But she sees nothing.
He cannot understand such power. But what seems power, is lack of
imagination. These two together, give her a strange, weird influence
over him, so that he stands before her awe struck, not knowing him-
self. He gasps out to her, " Bring forth men-children only." When
he tells her he heard a voice cry " Sleep no more — -Macbeth, does mur-
der sleep ?" she impatiently cries, " What do you mean ?"

26 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

And when Banquo's ghost appears to him with such horror, and she
seems calm and undisturbed, he cries out in bewilderment :

"You make me strange,

Even to the disposition I owe,
When now I think you can behold such sights,
And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks,
When mine are blanched with feir."

Such is her weird influence over him.

I will insert here an additional proof that he was not driven on by am-
bition As he approaches the silver haired, kind old king, his kinsman,
his imagination is in awful suspense. His arm rises, he deals the blow.
What then are his thoughts? His wild imagination transfers to an
unknown voice his own thoughts. Are his thoughts the greatness,
the happiness gained ? No. He hears a voice cry :

" Sleep no more.

Macbeth, does murder sleep — the innocent sleep !

Still it cried ' Sleep no more ' to all this house.

' Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor

Shall sleep no more — Macbeth shall sleep no more.'"

Murdered happiness and greatness, murdered sleep to all his house,
these are his thoughts. Had ambition moved him to it, he would
have thought of the glory won. He cannot even complete the plan,
but carries the daggers to his own room, leaving the work half done.

2d. His courage has already been shown. He dared do anything.

3d. His love for his wife. It was wonderful, beautiful. She brought
Kim from happiness to misery. He was great Macbeth, Glamis and
Cawdor, and now he is a " fool lighted to dusty death," and all by her.
Yet not one word of complaint against her, not one. The struggle
is for this world's happiness. Lady Macbeth overcomes his reason.
The very thing he loved and for which he sought greatness, caused his
terrible misery. 'Twas she that made a mere tool of our mighty Mac-
beth. Suppose he had been willing to do the deed from ambition,
how tame it would be! Lady Macbeth's will would not have been needed ;
but it is the evil genius of the play. Macbeth and Hamlet both con-
template murder. The soliloquies of each are an important, nay, su-
preme part of each tragedy. Macbeth is " a tempest set to music."
Hamlet is very slow and protracted.

Lady Macbeth's unreasonable will is the cause of this difference. This

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 27

makes us feel as though we were on the verge of an awful abyss all
the while. It is this which makes it " a tempest set to music."

" What a noble piece of work is man ! How noble in reason ! how
infinite in faculty! in form and movement, how express and admira-
ble ! in apprehension how like a God ! The beauty of the world ! The
paragon of animals!" Such is Macbeth, and what a fall was his. It
is thy work, O woman, and it is terrible. But when thou art good,
" the joy of loyal service to thy king shines through thy days and
lights up others' lives." Hayne Davis.

Biographical Sketches

OF THE

CONFEDERATE DEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Edited by Stephen B. Weeks.

BUCK, DeWitt CLINTON, Lexington, Miss., son of Urwin Hunter,
d. near Vicksburg in 1862. Matriculated i860. Married Martha Griffin.
He was a private in Wofford's company, Withers' Mississippi Artil-
lery. A Di.

BUTT, James ELDRIDGE, Columbus, Ga., b. in Muscogee co., Ga.,
Dec. 2, 1841, son of Moses and Priscilla Banks, d. in Officers' Hos-
pital, No. 4, Petersburg, Va., Sept. 9, 1864. Prepared by Dr. Carlisle
P. Beaman,at Mount Zion, Ga., matriculated Feb., 1858, class 1861, with
second distinction. Unmarried. Entered the service in October, 1861 ;
in November, 1863, was with Longstreet's Corps in East Tennessee, and
from May, 1864, until the time of his death wound, was in the trenches
before Petersburg. Just as his regiment was being relieved, Aug. 8,
1864, he was wounded in the ankle by a fragment of a shell; gangrene
set in, the foot was amputated, and he died Sept. 9. He had been
carefully tended by the Sisters of Charity, but in vain. He inherited
a fortune of $30,000, and it was said of him that he divided his pay as

28 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

First Lieutenant among the needy members of his company, and
when he procured luxuries he gave freely to those who could afford
none, and never complained of the hardships of camp life. At six
years of age he expressed a desire to become a member of the church,
and said, even at that age, that he must preach. To one standing by
his dying bedside he said : " I have no fear in death. My heavenly
Father's will is mine and he has accepted me." A member of the
M. E. Church, South. A Di.

Closs, Thomas Oliver, Orange co., N. C, b. in Franklin co.,
Va., June 28, 1833, son of Dr. Morgan, who removed with him to
North Carolina in 1847, d. July 3, 1863. Matriculated, 1853. Mar-
ried in 1858,111 Texas, Mrs. Adriana Bragg. She died, leaving him
one daughter. While prosecuting his studies, his eyes became very
much inflamed, and he had to give up books for several months. As
soon as his eyes recovered sufficiently to use them at all, he commenced
the study of law under Judge Battle. After getting license to prac-
tise, he went to Texas. He enlisted in March, 1862, in Co. G, Fourth
Texas Infantry, and arrived in Virginia in time to take part in the
Peninsula Campaign. His regiment, with the 1st and 3d Texas and
2d Georgia, formed what was known as the Texas Brigade, and was
attached to Stonewall Jackson's Division. On the 3d of July, 1863,
while storming the heights of Gettysburg, he was killed by a shot
through the head, and his body sleeps on the battlefield.

Flamner, Andrew Jackson, Wilmington, N. C, b. Nov. 19, 1837,
d. July 27, 1864. Matriculated 1853, class 1857. Married Fannie
Kirkpatrick. A lawyer. He belonged to the Signal Corps on the
Confederate blockade runner Whiting, and entered the service from
Wilmington. A Phi.

Gardner, Hugh Walker, Wilmington, N. C, b. 25th June.
1835, son of Junius D. and Mary, d. Sept. 7, 1862. Matriculated
1853, class 1857. Unmarried. A physician. Entered the service
from Wilmington as a private in the Wilmington Eight Infantry, Co.
G, 18th Regiment, Col. J. D. Radcliffe, Aug. 1861 ; was promoted to
be Surgeon and Major, May 31, 1862. He was temporarily attached
to the 33d N. C. Infantry, Branch's Brigade, and then assigned to a
battery of artillery, in which he served until seized with epidemic
jaundice, then prevalent in the Chickahominy bottoms among the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 29

soldiers. He died of abscess of the liver, in General Hospital No. 4,
Richmond, Va. A Phi.

HARVEY, HUBERT, Marshall, Saline Co., Mo., b. Thursday, March
23, 1837, son of Thomas Hudnal and Elizabeth Sarah Edwards, d.
Thursday, Jan. 10, 1867. Matriculated 1856. Unmarried. A lawyer
by profession and a farmer by practice. He served as a private in
Ruxton's company, Robertson's regiment. Parson's brigade, and was
engaged at Booneville, Dry Wood, Lexington and Blackwater. He
was captured at Blackwater, Dec. 19, 1861. In prison, at Alton, he
contracted cold that brought on consumption, which caused his
death. Deceased was economical in his habits, just in his dealings
with his fellow men. correct in judgment, slow to form an opinion,
but, when formed, always correct. Gifted by nature and cultivated by
education, had he lived he would doubtless have made an impression
upon society. A Phi.

Haughton, John Lawrence, Chatham co., N. C, b. April 16,
1841, son of Lawrence J. and Ann L., d. Sept. 23, 1S62, of disease
contracted from exposure while in the C. S. A. Matriculated 1858,
class 1 861 . Unmarried. While at the University, he joined in May,
1 861 , the Orange Guards; was commissioned Second Lieutenant Co.
B, 63d N. C. Reg't (cavalry), afterwards became First Lieutenant Co. E,
same regiment ; participated in battle of Newbern, and in several skir-
mishes in Eastern North Carolina. He was lovely and amiable in dis-
position, and beloved by all who knew him. A D.i.

Haughton, John Robert, Chatham co., N. C, b. in Pittsboro,
June 10, 1845, son °f John H. and Alice Hill, d. Smithfield, N. C,
July 10, 1864, from fever contracted in the service. Matriculated 1862.
Unmarried. Joined the C. S. Army in 1863, and assigned to duty at
Smithville, N. C, as a member of the Signal Corps; was in no battle.
He was always true and faithful to his duty ; courteous and thought-
ful of the comfort of others; perfectly unselfish, and a true Christian m
ADi.

3Q

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

E

DITOR S

D

ESK.

Salutatory. — We enter upon our task of
editing the MAGAZINE with considerable dif-
fidence. For years it has been so generally
the custom to abuse the Magazine, no
matter what its contents might be, that we
despair of pleasing the great body of stu-
dents. In fact, we shall make no effort to
pander to the average Sophomoric or Fresh-
man tastes. We intend to give the Maga-
zine a two-fold character: in the first place
making it a journal of North Carolina his-
tory, and, secondly, rendering it an exponent
of the best thought and literary culture of
the University. At the same time we shall
furnish a record of college events, and Hip-
ply news of our University boys away fiom
the Hill.

In its character of an historical journal, the
Magazine will contain the best productions
of the State Historical Society, together with
matter from other sources which may be ap-
propriate. Our readers may rest assured that
in every number they will find at least two
articles relative to State history, which will
be of permanent value. In this way the
Magazine will be made a repository of his-
torical matter of general interest and invalu-
able to the student of North Carolina's past.
The volumes issued previous to the war are
now eagerly sought after, and it is our hope
to make this, the eighth volume, equally as
valuable.

In its second capacity, as a literary journal,
the Magazine will be filled with the best pa-
pers read before the Seminaiy of Literature
and Philology and the Shakespeare Club.
The most careful work of our Faculty will
cause each number to be conspicuous for
ability and learning among the monthlies <>f
the day. Papers by students also, which
show thought and research, will he frequently
inserted.

Again, the popular features of the college
paper will not be overlooked. Each issue

will contain news of old Chapel Hill boys, so
that (.very alumnus can rely on learning
through the Magazine of the whereabouts
of his old college friends and associates.
The College Record, a few fresh, pithy per-
sonals, items of interest as culled from other
college papers, with a few remarks on our
exchanges, will complete the account of the
contents of the Magazine.

We beg of all our readers to look with in-
dulgence upon our mistakes and to give us
their good wishes, but, above all, to furnish
substantial aid in extending our subscription
list, and supplying us with good papers and
items of news.

The Gymnasium. — We desire to call the
attention of the Faculty and Trustees to the
condition of the College Gymnasium. It is
our impression that the Trustees agreed with
the Gymnasium Association to furnish all
necessary apparatus. This was all supplied
very properly at first, but since then it has
been much broken and scattered, so that now
the Gymnasium is almost destitute. The
leather ftom several of the swinging rings is
very much worn, and in some places entirely
gone, so that the rings are almost useless.
All the dumb-bells have been stolen or bro-
ken ; only a few odd Indian clubs are lying
about the floor ; the pulleys are broken to
pieces ; none of the ladders have been re-
placed since Commencement ; of the parallel
bars, one set is not fastened to the tloor, and
therefore is dangerous, while the other is not
in the Gymnasium at all. Such are a few of
the deficiencies observed by one passing
through the room ; doubtless there are many
others. We respectfully ask that this matter
be at once attended to, for at present there
are no inducements to the students to use the
Gymnasium at all.

The Age of Societies. — What would our
ancestors have thought of the thousand and

EXCHANGES AND COLLEGE WORLD.

3f

one Societies, Ciubs, Seminaries and Asso-
ciations which are now in existence at this
University? In the good old times they
didn't have such things. But now ! ! We
hear daily of the formation of some new club
or society or other. The bell rings almost
every night for their meetings. An evening
to one's self, even now, is a rarity. But in
the future ! Ah, doleful prospect. A so-
ciety of some kind will mett, not only every
night in the week, including Sunday, but
in the afternoons, and often two or more will
be going on at the same time. Byron clubs,
cross-roads historical societies, Bill Arp
scientific societies, L. M. E. associations,
and Seminaria. with names even longer than
some already known, will be the order of the

day, and they all will be of exactly the same
character. Primum omnium, as Livy says,
prospective members will have to be passed
on by executive committees, and then — of
course the initiation fee. Frequently this
will be about all — all except the election of
officers and payment of annual dues. But
finally things will grow still worse. The stu-
dents will no longer prepare recitations; they
will belong to societies. The professors will
nor hear their classes; they will preside over
societies. Executive committees, initiation
fees, papers and meetings will occupy every-
body from morning till night. Then will be
the time longed for by the association-found-
ing maniac, for his millennium will have come.

Exchanges and College World.

— One of the Cornell professors went to
the circus to see what students to excuse the
next day on account of sickness.- Ex.

— Dr. W. E. Boggs, a Presbyterian min-
ister, of Memphis, has been elected Chan-
cellor of the University of Georgia, at Athens.

— President Cleveland is not a college
man, but Mrs. Cleveland is a college woman,
and Uan. Lamont is a graduate of Union.
Acting Vice-President Ingalls is a Williams
man. Secretary Bayard had a business edu-
cation : Secretaries Fairchild and Endicott
are Harvard men ; Secretary Whitney hails
from Yale ; Dickinson, from Michigan Uni-
versity ; Vilas, from St. Mary's College, Ken-
tucky. — Ex.

— The students of Cornell are taking an
active interest in the political campaign.
They have organized a Democratic and a Re-
publican Club. The Prohibitionists also
hold meetings, and the Mugwumps advertised
in the Cornell Sun a meeting of "persons
favoring the election of Cleveland and the

defeat of Hill, to make arrangements for one
or more mass meetings, to be addressed by
speakers favoring tariff reform and electoral
reform." We suppose the next thing will be
the organization by the young ladies of that
University of a Belva Lockwood Club.

— Little drops and rises,
Little air that's fanned,
Makes a mighty pitcher,
And the pleased grand stand. — Ex.

— Professor Patton, recently elected Presi-
dent of Princeton, is a British subject, who-
has never sought naturalization in this coun-
try. — Ex.

— When I was first a Freshman,
All innocent and pure,
I was so home-sick all the time,
I thought 'twould kill me sure.

But when I was a Sophomore,
And went to our class spread,
I came home sick so very bad
I wished that I was dead. — Ex.

32

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

— Twenty-four young women graduated as
lawyers in Michigan last summer. — Ex.

— The students of Columbia College are
now obliged to wear caps and gowns. — Ex.

— Malvern Hill Palmer, 'S8, has an article
in The Schoolteacher, for September, on
" Locke's Physical Education."

— The Cornell Sun claims for that Uni-
versity the largest Freshman Class on record
in America, over four hundred.

— The Rutgers Targum says, editorially,
that nine-tenths of all her students last year
were professing Christians, while nearly one-
third are studying for the ministry. — Ex.

— In Michigan University a course has
been established in the art of writing plays
for the stage. — Ex. We should advise Mrs.
Amelie Rives Chanler to attend the lectures.

— A special car was run by the Principal
of Salem Female Academy from Dallas,
Texas, to Salem, N. C, enabling pupils from
Texas and other Southern States to come
unattended by guardians, without change of
cars or any inconvenience.

— Yale came out victorious in the inter-
collegiate league of base ball clubs. Har-
vard holds the second place. Yale also won
in the annual boat race with Harvard, June
20th, at New London, breaking the record
by ten seconds. Stagg, Yale's pitcher, has
refused offers to play in professional base ball
clubs, having resolved to study for the minis-
try.

— The Earlhamite, published at Earlham
College, Richmond, I nd., a Quaker institution,
has some very good articles in its literary de-
partment in the October number. The one on
"Technical Education in the Public Schools"
expresses our sentiments and convictions. It
is a protest against substituting a technical edu-
cation for the training of a general collegiate
course, and holds that the best results are to be
achieved in any occupation by the man whose

views have been enlarged and mind trained
by a regular academic curriculum. To give
a boy an education with a view to immediate
results is short-sighted policy.

— The Pacific Pharos, coming to us
across the continent, is one of our best ex-
changes. It is published bi-weekly. There
is a commendable variety in its columns. The
college poets, who appear to be numerous,
contribute much to this feature. In the issue
of August 29, there is a college love story
and a Chinese legend. The September 26
number contains an interesting letter from
Lucerne, describing Northern Italy and
Switzerland. The writer is evidently a good
observer, and descriptions of country and
people and politics are well combined.

— We compliment the Wake Forest Stu-
dent upon the excellent quality of its paper
and type and attractive appearance of its in-
side. Wake Forest's poet laureate, Gilles-
pie, has a contribution in iambic blank verse,
entitled " Sumpter : a Reminiscence." The
Student says Edwards & Broughton have in
press a volume of poems by him, which will
soon be issued. He is of Duplin county,
N. C. We are glad to see the students turn-
ing their attention to fiction in the literary
department. We recommend the exercise to
our own embno novelists. But the author
of " Lorinne " must have been suffering from
dyspepsia. It is " sound and fury, signify-
ing nothing." "The Mysteiy of An' Su,"
a negro tale, is much better. It has some
merit. The article on " The Coming Party "
(the Prohibition party) is well written, but
we do not agree with the author of it. How-
ever true his conclusions may prove to be,
his argument is evidently at fault. He de-
clares that " there are now in reality no po-
litical parties." We advise him to consult the
editorof "Current Topics," who wrote of the
" Bagging Trust." He may learn that there
are two great political parties, with a distinc-
tion very important to us of the South; yes, of
vital importance to the farmers of North
Carolina.

Personal and Student Gossip.

When this Magazine last appeared, un-
der different management, the small world of
college interests had culminated in a grand
finale which we call Commencement. As
usjial, it brought its joys to high and low.
And now the wheel has slipped, and every-
thing moved a peg onward and a step higher.
"And so the old order changeth, yielding
place to new."

*

* *

Moreover, a month, and more, has passed
and we hardly knew it. Three score and
ten have come to fill the ranks.

We like the Freshmen. They look as if
they meant business. It is hoped they will
not deceive their looks.

* *

Another thing looks like business : that is
the firm set-to which the Faculty make to
ever build up the standard of work done in
the University, in spite of disadvantages
which would weaken any other college. The
system of holding recitations on Saturday so
distributes the work that, in the multiplicity
of courses, all recitations may be held in the
morning hours, and thus the Faculty is en-
abled to do the work of a larger body. Still,
there are those who object to it.

. * .

* *

As a result of this ruling, it has been found
necessary for the Societies to change their
hour of meeting. The Di's meet Saturday
afternoon, and it is presumable that the Phi's
will do the same.

* *

Dan Currie, who has been confined with
a painful attack of rheumatism, is now im-
proving.

Darnall is at Washington and Lee.

Henry Johnston will not come back un-
til November. He is not yet fully recovered
from his sickness, but we are glad to know
that he is much better.

L. Grandy, '86, is studying medicine in
New York,

Jodie Morris, '87, also stopped for a day.
He is taking a medical course at Vanderbilt.

Tom Ransom was with us for a few days.
John Alexander, also, came and made be-
lieve he was in College again. Would that
he were ; but, then, we' can't expect it now,
you know.

Gus Long, '85, has the chair of English
in Wofford College, S. C, the place for-
merly held by Dr. Woodward, who goes
to the University of South Carolina. Some-
how our graduates are in demand.

W. H. Wills, familiarly known as " Hu-
man," is teaching fn a high school at Fre-
mont, in Wayne county. We understand
that he has the department of military tac-
tics — "teaching the young idea how to.
shoot," as it were.

Passing Professor's House. —Senior
Reinbeau : " This detestable gate will be the
ruin of my legs yet ! " Senior Topnoddy :
" Detestable gait !" (looking thoughtfully at
the other's legs.) "Why not change yout
style of walking ? "

" Nath " Wilson, '86, came to see us on
his way to the Vanderbilt Theological School,
and he is the same old Nath. He preached
on Sunday night in the Methodist church,
and a large number of students and towns-
people were present.

Of the Class of '88, the following have
been heard from as teaching : Harper, Pal-
mer, Smith, Lewis, Little and Foust. Battle
and Headen are taking graduate courses here,
the latter in Pharmaceutic Chemistry. Hayne
Davis is in Raleigh, acting Secretary of the
Democratic State Committee. Armfield is
engaged in banking at High Point. We
should be glad to hear from the others.

34

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

C. Granijy, '86 (" Little C "), is employed
on the staff of one of the Washington City
papers.

Dr. Weeks has obtained a scholarship at
Johns Hopkins, where he intends taking a
three years course.

'Tis healthy to see athletics coming more
into favor among us. Why not have a field-
day occasionally, with the usual events of tug-
of-war, sack, knap-sack, 3-legged, and potato
race, &c?

C. A. Webb, of the Dialectic Society, has
been elected Washington's Birthday Orator.
Alex. Stronach will make the address of in-
troduction, and R. Bingham and DeB. H.
Whitaker will act as Marshals.

Graduates and former students are ear-
nestly requested to keep the Magazine in-
formed of their whereabouts and their doings.
Such news is of interest to our readers, here
and elsewhere.

Teachers during vacation, farmers' sons
when work is slack on the farm, and any
others not fully and profitably employed, can
learn something to their advantage by apply-
ing to B. F. Johnson & Co., 1009 Main St.,
Richmond, Va.

We had the opportunity of hearing many
famous college yells last summer, including
those of Weliesley and Vassar. Why can't
we get up a yell? What's the matter with
Rah! Rah! Rah! Ree!
Popsy, wopsy, tingsy, tee!
Vive la, vive la U. of N. C.

In the Law School of this year, Carroll, '86,
and Simmons, '87, are, thus far, about the only
graduates of this institution. It seems that
the proportion of students entering the pro-
fession of law is smaller than of yore. We
hear, however, of other graduates who will
soon enter the law class.

E. M. Foust, '85, was married Septem-
ber 27th, to Miss Sudie Noble, of Kemp,
Texas. Mr. Foust is Principal of the High
School in that town, and also editor of ihe
Kemp Times. He has become a full-Hedged
Texan, but cherishes an unchanging love for
his native State and his A Ima Mater.

Foot-ball is lively this term. The Soph,
eleven is getting ready to challenge anything
that walks — their usual attitude. Tennis
also is having a good deal of attention. A
tournament has been arranged, for the week
after the State fair, in which six fraternities
will each enter a couple for the fraternity
championship. In a tournament held at
Northfield, Curtis and Little came out third
best in a list of about fifteen couples, nearly
all of whom were crack players.

The grudge we bear the Literary Editor of
this magazine is deep and lasting. In fact,
we should be afraid to trust ourselves to ex-
press our feelings in the matter. A man who
will secretly enter our private apartment and
make a change of pen to mucilage bottle,
and mucilage brush to inkstand ; put the soap
in the water-pail and tie our best cravat
around the oily part of the lamp, is past the
reach of printer's ink, and fit only for " trea-
son, stratagems and spoils."

Curtis, Little and Harris had a good time
at Northfield, Mass. The occasion was a
meeting for Bible study, a conference of col-
lege men, called together by Mr. Moody, and
directed by him and a number of other well
known Bible scholars from all over the land.
Meals and rooms were furnished to all who
came, in the buildings of the Northfield
Seminary, of which Mr. Moody is the virtual
head. The design was to combine Bible
study, and study of methods of Christian work,
with pleasant recreation and fellowship with
students from the various colleges of Amer-
ica and some from England. •

University Day was observed with ap-
propriate exercises. Dr. Battle gave a hasty
but graphic account of the University as it
was in its early days, and made it more
graphic by reading letters from students.
Trustees and others relating to the students'
manner of living, etc. Such bits of college
history are always acceptable, especially to
new students. Professor Love told about
the old Astronomical Observatory, the first
college observatory erected in America. This
was built by the Trustees at the instance of

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

35

President Caldwell, who made a trip to Eu-
rope before 1830 to purchase instruments for
it. It was finished in 1831, and stood near
the road now known as the Raleigh road,
between the limits of the campus and the
village cemetery. Williams College claimed
the honor of having the first college observa-
tory, but we are ahead by seven years.
Many students took advantage of the holi-
day to visit the Durham Exposition, hence
the attendance was not large.

The address of Dr. W. B. Phillips, on
the placing of a pyramidal shaft at the "Pis-
gah tomb " of the good Dr. Elisha Mitchell,
was very largely attended and much appre-
ciated. He reviewed the thrilling details of the
tragedy ; how Dr. Mitchell came to lose his
life, and how the search for him was carried on.
He believes, on carefully going over the rug-
ged path pursued by Dr. Mitchell, which has
scarcely changed since the day of his death,
June 27th, 1857, that he must have made the
descent in daylight, and must have been ob-
serving the falls from above when he lost his
footing and fell into the deep pool. Dr. Phil-
lips told how difficult was the undertaking of
transporting the sections of the monument
from the station to the top of Mitchell's
high peak, the ascent being so circuitous
and steep, and the distance so great. The

process was described in detail, and the hu-
morous side presented. We are all glad, by
the way, to know that Dr Phillips will not
yet leave the State. He expects for some time
to be engaged in mining operations for gold
within about seven miles of this place.

Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, the world re-
nowned specialist in mind diseases, says :
" I am familiar with various systems for im-
proving the memory, including, among oth-
ers, those of Feinaigle, Gourund and Dr.
Pick, and I have recently become acquainted
with the system in all its details and appli-
cations taught by Prof. Loisette. I am there-
fore enabled to state that his is, in all its
essential features, entirely original ; that its
principles and methods are different from all
others, and that it presents no material analo-
gies to that of any other system.

" I consider Prof. Loisette's system to be
a new departure in the education of the
memory and attention, and of very great
value ; that, it being a systematic body of
principles and methods, it should be studied
as an entirety to be understood and appre-
ciated ; that a correct view of it cannot be
obtained by examining isolated passages
of it.

" William A. Hammond.

" New York, July 10, 1S88."

University Record.

OPPORTUNITIES for independent and vol-
untary work in reading, criticism, and com-
position, and all kinds of research, are offered
to us, one and all. This kind of work marks
the rising of the student mind above the
' ' dry-as-dust " work of the regular text-book,
and puts him upon his own feet. It gives
him an individuality, and he feels that he is
becoming a spring of knowledge, rather than

a mere pool fed by the common stream. . We
believe that this, more than any other one
thing, will tend to make the general tone of
our University stronger and more nearly
abreast with the spirit of the times.

Shakspere Club. — The first meeting
for the year 1888-89 was. held September
12th. Subject: Two Gentlemen at Verona.
L. D. Howell gave the sources of the play.

36

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

W. J. Battle — A few random remarks in-
dited without the use of commentaries.

St. Clair Hester — Launce and Crab as
types of Shaksperian Humor.

Dr. Hume— Study of diction; comparison
of characters with those of the Merchant of
Venice ; the early faultiness of Shakspere's
creative power seen in Two Gentlemen at
Verona.

OFFICERS FOR 1888-89.

Prof. Thos. Hume, Jr., D. D., President.

Prof. W. D. Toy, Vice-President.

Wm. Jas. Battle, Secretary.

H. G. Wood, Treasurer.

Executive Committee — Prof. G. T. Win-
ston, John S. Hill. Logan D. Howell, and
the officers above named.

The N. C. Historical Society had its
first meeting for the year iSSS-'So. on Tues-
day, September 18th.

President Battle read a paper proving the
error of the statement in a recent history
that North Carolina, like Rhode Island,
founded her dislike to the Federal Constitu-
tion on its prohibition of bills of credit, be-
cause she had issued so much of her own.
He showed by quotations from the speeches
of its opponents in the State Convention of
17S8, and of such Federalists as Iredell,
Davie and Maclaine, that the objections were
of a general character, chiefly a dread of
consolidated government. No one objected
to the future prohibition, and the attitude of
the State was to defer action until the de-
sired amendments were made.

Dr. Stephen B. Weeks presented a sketch
of the life and doings of Blackbeard, the
Corsair of Carolina. He gave an intensely
interesting account of the various traditions
and facts about this strange character^ whose
real name was Teach, together with the date
of his death and the name of his slayer.

Mr. W. J. Andrews, of Raleigh, was
elected Secretary and Treasurer in place of
Dr. Weeks, who goes to Johns Hopkins
University.

The officers are now as follows:

Dr. K. P. Battle, President.

W.J. Andrews, Secretary and Tieasurer

Executive Committee. — Dr. Battle, Profes-
sor Winston, Professor Mangum, Mr. W. J.
Andrews and Mr. Shepard Bryan.

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. —
September nth.

The Society was called to order by the
Vice-President, Professor Graves, who pre-
sented a paper on " The Principle of Dual-
ity." The application of this principle to
plane figures only was considered. The co-
existence of figures and their properties (cor-
relative), as the different elements are chosen,
constitutes the Principle of Duality.

Professor Gore then gave an account of the
August meeting of the American Associai ion
for the Advancement of Science, outlining
some of the papers read at that meeting. As
the thiid paper of the evening, Dr. Venable
described some of the recent discoveries in
chemistry and the progress made in that
branch of science.

The Secretary reported large additions to
the libiary during vacation. The total num-
ber of books and pamphlets has reached nearly
1,900, about 500 coming in during June,
July and August. The list of exchanges has
grown to one hundred and eighty-four. Thir-
teen foreign countries are represented in this
list, there being twenty-one exchanges in
Germany alone. This list is constantly
growing and the library becoming more and
more valuable.

The Vice-President named the committees
to repoit on the different branches of scientific
work. There are eleven of these commit-
tees, and three report at each meeting. These
reports aie limited to ten minutes each, and
the meeting, at furthest, to one hour and a
half.

Seminary of Literature and Philol-
ogy. — This strongly equipped society had its
first regular meeting on the night of Septem-
ber 26th. It is designed to furnish an oppor-
tunity for broader discussion of matters
classed under the general terms Literature
and Philology than could be offered by a
society for the study of any special literature.
It will share its time with the Shakspere

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

37

Club, each meeting every month on alternate
fortnights.

The subject of this meeting was Lyric
Poetry, and many sides of the very broad
subject were presented by readings of various
length.

Professor Alexander : The Greek Lyric.

Professor Toy : Lyric Poetry of France.

L. D. Howell : Love Poetry of Horace
and Burns — A contrast.

T. M. Lee : Poetical rendering of one of
Horace's Odes.

Dr. Hume : Wordsworth.

W. J. Battle : Horace, the Poet of Com-
mon Sense.

Professor Winston : The Philosophy of
Horace.

. Professor Winston also read several metri-
cal translations of Horace, from different
sources.

The officers are as follows :

Professor Winston, President; Professor
Alexander, Vice-President ; Geo. S. Wills,
Secretary ; Wm. Jas. Battle, Treasurer.

Executive Committee. — Professor Winston,
Professor Alexander, G. S. Wills, W. J. Bat-
tle, Professor Toy, Dr. Hume, L. D. Howell.

Subject for next meeting, The Historians ,

Y. M. C. A. — The Association has be-
gun operations in good earnest, and promises
to become more of a factor in college life
than ever before. The increased interest
shows itself in the heartiness with which the
men undertake Christian work. There are
now over sixty members, and the attendance
on religious meetings is large. Sixty copies
of Gospel Hymns, No. 5, a new collection,

have been purchased. The Faculty have
again granted the use of the college organ,
and Gaston Battle is the organist.

Money is being received, in response to a
printed call, for the purpose of fitting up
another room, to be used by the members as
a social parlor and reading-room. This will
very soon be put into effect. It is intended
to be the brightest and prettiest place in col-
lege.

A number of the best men in the State,
representing different lines of interest, will
be invited to speak before the students dur-
ing the year.

Mr. Wilder, of Princeton, the leader of the
volunteer mission movement among college
men, will doubtless visit us before the end of
this term. We expect also to have a visit
from Mr. S. M. Sayford, the evangelist,
during the Spring term.

The attention of the members should be
fixed on the set week of prayer, Nov. 11-17,
at which time Rev. Egbert Smith, of Greens-
boro, will probably be present. It should
be the unalterable purpose of every member
to do his part tuward awakening and sustain-
ing a religious sentiment in college.

As an example of the influence of such an
organization as this, we note 'that the most
prominent men in the work throughout the
State have had their training here.

The officers oi the present term are :

Hunter L. Harris, President.

Walter M. Curtis, Vice-President.

Gaston Battle, Treasurer.

Hugh Miller, Recording Secretary.

W. W. Davies, Corresponding Secretary.

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE,

Published under the auspices of The Philanthropic and Dialectic Societies of
The University of North Carolina.

Prospectus for 1888-89.

The Magazine has six departments, each conducted by a student
selected with a view to his qualifications for the work in hand.

THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT is mainly intended to exhibit
the character of the work done in the Societies, to encourage literary
efforts and co-operate with the chairs in the University in developing
a critical appreciation of the masters of the language. It is a vehicle
of communication between the Alumni of the Institution, a repository
of interesting bits of history, important results in scientific investiga-
tion and discussion of leading questions in general.

THE COLLEGE RECORD will chronicle the events of college
life. The proceedings of the Mitchell Scientific Society, the Histor-
ical Society, the work of the Shakespeare Club, the Y. M. C. A., the
Temperance Band, and the other organizations, social and literary,
which find a footing in the University, will be given in detail.

THE PERSONAL DEPARTMENT will tell what " Chapel Hill-
ians " are doing here and elsewhere, and give expression to whatever
of wit the funny editor mav possess.

THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT will give the opinions of a
student on the current periodicals, latest books, &c, together with
such items as may be of interest to those living in the college world.

Sketches of distinguished North Carolinians, Notes of Travel, Essays
by members of the Faculty, Original poems and other papers are
being prepared for subsequent issues. Our popular Senator, HON.
Z. B. VANCE, will contribute a very interesting article to the MAGA-
ZINE during the year.

The MAGAZINE is warmly endorsed by leading men of the State,
has bona fide subscribers all over the country, and a growing advertis-
ing patronage. It appeals for support to all the Alumni of the Uni-
versity, to lovers of education everywhere, and especially to those im-
bued with the spirit of progress that now pervades our land.

Subscribe and persuade your friends to subscribe.

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Address,

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For the convenience of tin 'Students we will keep a full line of samples from our
immense stock at the Slate University.

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1888.

Single Copies 20 cents.

Old Series, Vol. XXI. No. 2. New Series, Vol. VIII.

NORTH CAROLINA

Hitwcmtg

PUBLISHED SIX TIMES A YEAR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE

DIALECTIC AND PH1LAHTHR8P1C SOCIETIES,

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

DI.

WM. JAS. BATTLE,

WALTER M. HAMMOND.

EDITOES :

PHI.

HUNTER L. HARRIS,

LOGAN D. HOWELL.

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

Commemorative Address : The Mitchell Monument W.B.Phillips. 39

Poetry and Truth in Wordsworth ... .'. Thomas Hume. 54

Old Times in Chapel Hill, No. XI (The Old University Magazine).. Mrs. C. P. Spencer. 59

The Davie Poplar (reprinted from March number, 1844) 64

A Mountain Tramp : Black Mountain to Highlands W. J. B. 66

Biographical Sketches of the Confederate Dead.. ,. S. B. Weeks. 75

Editor's Desk: — Valuable Pamphlets; Mr. W. J. Yates; A Suggestion to '89; Class
Pamphlet of '88; A Reading-room Nuisance; The' Personal Editor; The University

Libraries 80

The College World : — News of Other Colleges; North Carolina Colleges and Schools;

Intercollegiate Foot-ball Association; Recent Games.. 82

Clippings from Exchanges . ._■ 86

Book and Magazine Notices 88

Personals 90

University Record: — The Library; Pioceedings of Societies; Y. M. C. A 92

cJWARDS, BROJGHTO &C0., STEAM PRINTER8 ANOBINDERS, RALEIGH.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

F-A-O-CTLT-ST-

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President,

Professor of Political Economy, Constitutional and International Law.

Rev. CHARLES PHILLIPS, D. D., LL. D.,

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics.

Rev. ADOLPHUS W. MANGUM, A. M., D. D.,

Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.

RALPH HENRY GRAVES, B. Sc, C. and M. E.,

Professor of Mathematics.

GEORGE TAYLOE WINSTON,

Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

FRANCIS PRESTON VENABLE, Ph. D., F. C. S.,

Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry,

JOSEPH AUSTIN HOLMES, B. Agr.,
Professor of Geology and Natural History.

JOSHUA WALKER GORE, C. E.,

Professor of Natural Philosophy and Engineering.

Hon. JOHN MANNING, A. M., LL. D.,

Professor of Law.

Rev. THOMAS HUME. Jr., M. A., D. D.,

Professor of the English Language and Literature.

WALTER D. TOY, M. A.,
Professor of Modern Languages.

EBEN ALEXANDER, Ph. D.,

Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.

JAMES LEE LOVE, Ph. B.,

Associate Professor of Mathematics.
T. L. MOORE.

S. C. BRAGAW, c Librarians -

Professor GORE, Registrar.

Professor LOVE, Secretary.

W. T. PATTERSON, Bursar.

Instruction is offered in three regular courses of study. Special and optional courses are
provided in Mineralogy, Chemistry and other sciences relating to Agriculture. School
of Law fully organized. The sessions begin the last Thursday in August and end the
first Thursday in June, with a vacation of about one week at Christmas.

For catalogues or other information, address

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President,

CHAPEL HILL. N. C.

THE

NIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

1888.

Old Series. Vol XX CHAPEL HILL, N. C. NO. 2.

New Series, Vol Vlll.

EDITORS :
PHI. DI.

Hunter L. Harris, Wm. Jas. Battle,

Logan D. Howell. Walter M. Hammond.

AN ADDRESS,

Commemorative of the Erection of a Monument on Mitchell's High Peak in

Honor of the Rev. Elisha Mitchell, D. D., for Thirty-nine Years

a Professor in the University of North Carolina,

Delivered before the University Oct. i6th, 1888, by Wm. B. Phillips, Class of 1877.

PREFACE.

To mention the name of Professor Elisha Mitchell among middle-
aged educated people in almost any part of North Carolina, is to re-
call a loved and venerated teacher and leader. To mention that name
here, where he spent by far the greater part of his life, and where he
wielded for many years so powerful and beneficent an influence, is to
speak of Caesar to the battered survivors of some Gallic legion.

It is not my purpose at this time to record the events of that life,
nor to comment upon that influence. Both these tasks have already
been accomplished by abler pens than mine, and in the pages of the
" Memoir," published by the University in 1858, and the 1st volume
of the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, the interested
reader will find them set forth. This address is to recall to the minds
of the present generation the life and services of a great and good
man, and to preserve the record of the erection of a monument to his
memory upon the great Peak which bears his name among the Black
Mountains in Yancey county.

4 o THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

On the summit of the highest mountain in the United States east
of the Mississippi river there lies a lonely grave. A whole generation
of mankind has passed away since its occupant was laid to rest amid
the gloomy balsams, on that wind-swept peak. No marble shaft tower-
ing towards heaven with but too liberal praises marked the spot where
the mortal awaited immortality. No lovingly tended enclosure with
flowers and evergreens showed the ceaseless care of faithful hearts. A
low mound, a rough cairn of stones, and the immensity of nature,
these were all, and yet the place was eloquent of great deeds.

Thirty-one years ago this summer the scientific world was startled
by the announcement that Prof. Elisha Mitchell, of the University of
North Carolina, while engaged in the exploration of the Black Moun-
tains in that State, had fallen over a precipice and lost his life.

He was well known in many departments of science, and at the time
of his most unfortunate death was determining for the last time the
heights of those tremendous peaks which are grouped under the term
"The Black Mountains."

But few had ever trodden their rough solitudes, for they were of
forbidding aspect and were known to harbor many wild beasts and
venomous serpents. Pushing their bold crests aloft above the clouds,
standing as great barriers thrown up by nature athwart the landscape,
they had ever been, indeed, objects of curiosity, but not of actual ex-
ploration. People were content to gaze upward at the driving clouds
that encircled their summits, and wonder in a feeble fashion how high
they were, and how big, and what they were there for. Now and
then a hunter more adventurous than his fellows would pursue a bear
or deer into their fastnesses, and come back with wonderful tales of
foaming waterfalls and terrifying precipices, of the oppressive silence
and gloominess of the balsam forests, of the fallen timber and the ice
cold water, of bear dens and rattle-snake dens. But for the most part
the Black Mountains held their secrets, and concealed whatever they
had behind the dark blue curtain of balsam and hemlock. There were
no roads through them, scarcely a trail ; a bold active man could in-
deed make his way up their rugged sides with more or less difficulty,
but there was nothing to induce him to reach the summit, unless he
were in pursuit of game.

The interest which now centers around those Peaks is derived
almost entirely from the tragic death of Prof. Mitchell on Mitchell's

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 41

High Peak. Up to the time of his death but few had ever reached
the summit of the highest peak. There was indeed a trail from the
head waters of the Swannanoa, and men and women rode to the top
more than forty years ago. But these were the exceptions that prove
the rule, and those trips are now referred to by the families and
friends of the excursionists as something quite remarkable. It is un-
deniable that up to Prof. Mitchell's first visit there in 1835, these
mountains were almost a terra incognita, a sort of no man's land,
where bear and deer, wildcat and rattle snake possessed a pre-emption
claim, and held their own against all comers.

What induced Prof. Mitchell to undertake their exploration ? Per-
haps two reasons. First, for the benefit which he would derive from
such out door exercise, and second, to satisfy his curiosity and enrich
science by ascertaining at what spot along the Appalachian chain
nature had set the seal of her greatest achievement.

To this work he devoted himself for more than twenty years with a
singleness of purpose and a stoutness of heart and limb but rarely
seen. Nothing could deter him. He met an obstacle but to over-
come it, and danger but stirred his blood and quickened his pulse to
fresh exertions. Through untrodden forests, over rocks and fallen
timber, through laurel and briars, he pushed his determined way to
the solution of the great problem which lay before him. To the con-
sideration of what this problem really was, and how he solved it, and
won imperishable fame, your attention is respectfully invited.

There is a tradition that about the year 1835, John C. Calhoun in
conversation with Gov. Swain, of North Carolina, expressed the opin-
ion that the highest mountains in the United States east of the Mis-
sissippi river would be found in the Western part of North Carolina,
between Asheville and the Virginia line. He based his opinion on the
observation of the numerous streams which headed in this part of the
State. A study of the map of North Carolina will show that a num-
ber of streams do ' head ' on the flanks of the Black Mountains, and
run to almost every point of the compass. But whether this fact
would support one in the prediction made by the great South Caroli-
nian, was at that time a matter of doubt.

Be this as it may, Dr. Mitchell seems to have determined to settle
the question, and in 1835, we find him for the first time engaged in
exploring that tremendous mountain mass.

42 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

In 1838, he resumed his labors there, and in 1844 seems for the first
time to have reached the summit of what is now termed Mitchell's High
Peak. Without entering upon the details of the evidence, and avoid-
ing as far as possible any unnecessary references to the unhappy dis-
pute which followed the visit of 1844,. we cannot but believe that Dr.
Mitchell was the first to measure the height of that peak.

From 1844 to 1856, the controversy between himself and Hon. Thos.
L. Clingman, in regard to this point, raged with intermittent violence.
Mr. Clingman claimed to have preceded Dr. Mitchell in the measure-
ment of the highest peak among the Black Mountains, and still claims
this honor. But several independent and careful cross-examinations
of the witnesses, and collection of all the written testimony available
have put the question now beyond doubt, and to Dr. Mitchell alone
belongs this high distinction. The final court of appeal, if I may use
the expression, has decided this, for the U. S. Geological survey in
i88i-'82, when it became necessary to adopt final names for the peaks
of this range, decided in favor of Dr. Mitchell. So that we may ac-
cept for once and all that whatever aspect the question may have had
between 1844 and 1856, Mitchell's High Peak is the highest mountain
in the Eastern United States, and was measured first by Dr. Mitchell.
Dr. Mitchell's visit to this range in 1856, was to substantiate his claims,
and the fatal journey of 1857 was f° r tne same laudable purpose.
Coupled with this purpose was one more thoroughly scientific in char-
acter, viz.: To compare the indications of the spirit level and barome-
ter in the measurements of heights, so as to simplify this delicate un-
dertaking.

He left the University about the middle of June 1857, and went at
once to Jesse Stepp's at the foot of the Cedar Cliff on the North Fork
of the Swannanoa. This place is now known as Patton's, and is sit-
uated at the junction of the East Fork and the Stony Fork, which
together make the North Fork. At this point terminates that huge
horseshoe curve which, beginning on the southern slope of the Potato-
Top Mountain, stretches its gigantic course along in a general south-
east direction, until it towers above the beautiful valley of the Swan-
nanoa in the Cedar Cliff. Between it and the Grey-beard and Pinnacle on
the east runs the East Fork of the Swannanoa, a stream of enchant-
ing loveliness and well worthy of the poet's emotion when he sang:

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 43

Swannanoa, nymph of beauty,

I would woo thee in my rhyme;
Wildest, brightest, loveliest river,

Of our sunny. Southern clime !
Swannanoa, well they named thee,

In the mellow Indian tongue ;
Beautiful thou art most truly,

And right worthy to be sung.

I have stood by many a river,

Known to story and to song;
Ashley, Hudson, Susquehanna,

Fame to which may well belong.
I have camped by the Ohio,

Trod Scioto's fertile banks,
Followed far the Juniata

In the wildest of her pranks.

But thou reignest queen forever,

Child of Appalachian hills;
Winning tribute as thou flowest,

From a thousand mountain rills.
Thine is beauty, strength begotten

'Mid the cloud-begirded peaks,
Where the Patriarch of the mountains

Heavenward for thy water seeks.

Through the laurel and the beeches,

Bright thy silver current shines;
Sleeping now in granite basins,

Overhung by trailing vines;
And anon careering onward,

In the maddest frolic mood;
Waking with its sea-like voices,

Fairy echoes in the wood.

Peaceful sleep thy narrow valleys,

In the shadow of the hills;
And thy flower-enamelled border,

All the air with fragrance fills.
Wild luxuriance, generous tillage,

Here alternate, meet the view,
Every turn through all thy windings

Still revealing something new.

Where, O graceful Swannanoa!

Are thy warriors, who of old
Sought thee at thy mountain sources,

Where thy springs are icy cold ?

44 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Where the dark-browed Tndian maidens,

Who their limbs were wont ti> lave
(Worthy bath for fairer beauty.)

In thy cool and limpid wave?

Gone forever from thy borders,

But immoital in thy name,
Are the red men of the forest,

Be thou keener of their fame!
Paler rac s dwell beside thee,

Celt and Saxon till thy lands ;
Wedding use unto thy beauty,

Linking over thee their hands.

It was along this historic stream that Dr. Mitchell carried his instru-
mental survey, starting from a large white oak, the stump of which is
now standing near the residence of Charles Glass, two miles below
Patton's. By Saturday the 27th of June he had reached what is now
known as the Halfway or Mountain House, five miles above Patton's,
which is now in ruins, but was then occupied by William Patton, of
Charleston, S. C. His son, Charles A. Mitchell, had accompanied him
to this point; his daughter, Miss Margaret E. Mitchell, remaining at
Stepp's. Having carried his observations about one-fourth mile above
William Patton's house, which would bring him near the Elizabeth
Rock (from which is to be had one of the most magnificent views in
all the mountains), he bade farewell to his son, with the intention of
proceeding alone and on foot to Big Tom Wilson's, on Caney River.
He set out at 2:30 o'clock P. M. As the trails now run, he should
have reached Wilson's by dusk, as the distance is not above fourteen
miles, but at that time there was no plain trail from Mitchell's Peak
to Wilson's, and he would be compelled to go through the woods for
six or seven miles.

In order that we may have a clear apprehension of what followed,
it will be necessary to digress here for a moment to speak of the trails
to Mitchell's High Peak. For nearly fifty years- there has been a
passable bridle trail from the headwaters of the East Fork of the
Swannanoa to the high peak of the Black. Leaving Patton's (it was
Stepp's then), the trail follows the East Fork rather closely for two
miles, then bends towards the west and by long and tedious zig-zags
crosses the Depot branch, the Mountain House or Jack's Bank branch,
and reaches the plateau on which William Patton's house was built.

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 45

This plateau slopes towards the south, and has an elevation of about
5,000 feet, Patton's being about 3,000 feet. The trail here enters the
balsam and ascends the slope, leaves the summit of the Potato-Top
on the right or east, crosses what is known locally as Clingman's Peak
(6,587 feet), leaves Mt. Gibbs on the left, crosses Haul-back Mountain,
dips into the great depression between Haul back and Mitchell, and
then begins the ascent of this latter peak. From Patton's, at the foot
of the Cedar Cliff to Mitchell's grave, is nearly twelve miles, and as
Mitchell's High Peak is 6,688 feet high, the average grade per mile is
about 300 feet. This was the only bridle trail to Mitchell's High
Peak for nearly forty years.

About twelve years ago, Big Tom Wilson cut out a bridle trail from
his house on Caney River to the Swannanoa trail, one-half mile below
the Peak. About two years ago, a so-called bridle trail was cut from
the Round Knob Hotel on the Western North Carolina Railway over
the Greybeard, Pinnacle and Potato Top to the Swannanoa trail, four
miles below Mitchell's Peak. This trail is now closed. A foot trail of
uncertain length and very certain roughness leads from the upper Toe
River settlement to Mitchell's Peak, and is known as the Set Ridge
trail. It was made by the bears, and becoming too rough for them
was turned over to the more adventurous of the human race.

In 1857 only the Swannanoa trail had been laid off, leading as before
stated from Stepp's at the foot of the Cedar Cliff on the Swannanoa
to the High Peak of the Black Mountains. It was along this trail
that Dr. Mitchell was making his final measurement of the Peak.
When he left his son near the Elizabeth Rock on the 27th of June,
1857, he proceeded along the Swannanoa trail, until he reached the
old field on Mitchell, a sort of natural meadow about one-fourth of a
mile below the summit. Thinking that he was then nearly opposite
to Big Tom Wilson's on Caney River, and furthermore was near the
spot to which William Wilson had brought him thirteen years before,
he turned off abruptly to the left or west and plunged boldly into the
unbroken forest. It must then have been nearly 5 o'clock in the
evening, and it is known that on that evening there was a heavy fog
on the mountain. This was on Saturday. Dr. Mitchell had informed
his son that he would return to William Patton's on Monday. He
failed to do so, but as there were many plausible reasons for the delay
it occasioned no especial anxiety. But when Wednesday came and

46 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

passed without his return, considerable alarm was felt for his safety,
and his son and John Stepp went to Caney River to inquire for him.
He had not been there. The whole neighborhood on both sides of
the mountain was at once alarmed, and diligent search made for him
by more than two hundred men. A most graphic account of the
search was printed in the Asheville Spectator, and was written by Z.
B. Vance, one of the party. After describing the events of the search
for the first nine days after the departure of Dr. Mitchell from Wil-
liam Patton's, this most interesting account proceeds as follows:

"A general gloom now overspread the countenances of all, as the awful
and undeniable fact was proclaimed that Dr. Mitchell wassurely dead,
and our only object in making the search would be to rescue his mortal
remains from the wild beasts and give them christian sepulture. It
could not be possible, we thought, that he was alive, for cold and
hunger and fatigue, if nothing worse had happened to him, would ere
this have destroyed him. Alas! We reasoned but too well ! By this
time the alarm had spread far and wide, and many citizens of Ashe-
ville and other parts of the country were flocking to the mountains to
assist in the search for one so universally beloved and respected. On
Monday July 6th, the company numbered some sixty men. New
routes were projected, new ground of search proposed, and the hunt
was conducted throughout the day with renewed energy and deter-
mination, but still without avail. On Tuesday the company of Bun-
combe men separated into three squads and took different routes,
whilst Mr. Thomas Wilson and his neighbors from Caney River took
a still more distant route, by going to the top of the highest peak,
and searching downwards towards the Cat-tail Fork of the River.

They were led to take this route by the suggestion of Mr. Wilson
that Dr. Mitchell had gone up that way in his visit to the High Peak
in 1844. an d that perhaps he had undertaken to go down by the same
route. They accordingly struck out for that point, and turning to the
left to strike down the mountain in the prairie near the top, at the
very spot where it was alleged the Doctor entered it thirteen years
ago, they (Adoniram Allen of Caney River found the track) instantly
perceived the impression of feet upon the yielding turf, pointing down
the mountain in the direction indicated of his former route. * * *.
It was as they expected. The Doctor had undertaken to go the same
route to tin: settlements which he had formerly gone. They traced

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 47

him rapidly down the precipices of the mountain until they entered
the stream, (now called Mitchell's Fork of Caney River), found his
traces going down it — following on a hundred yards or so they came
to a rushing cataract, saw his foot-prints, trying to climb around the
edge of the yawning precipice, saw the moss torn up by the out-
stretched hand, and then — the solid impressionless granite refused to
tell more of his fate. But clambering hastily to the bottom they found
a basin worn out of the solid rock, at least fourteen feet deep, filled
with clear and crystal waters, cold and pure as the winter snow that
generates them. At the bottom of this basin, quietly reposing with
outstretched arms lay the mortal remains of the Rev. Dr. Elisha
Mitchell, the good, the great, the simple minded, the pure of heart,
the instructor of youth, the disciple of knowledge and the preacher of
Christianity! Oh, what friend to science and virtue, what youth
among all the thousands that have listened to his teachings, what
friend that has ever taken him by the hand, can think of this wild and
awful scene unmoved by the humanity of tears."

Dr. Mitchell's body was found on the 8th of July. For more than
thirty years it has been thought that Dr. Mitchell met his death after
night-fall in the dark ness and gloom of the sombre forests, wander-
ing to and fro in a vain endeavor to extricate himself from such
fearful surroundings ; that the fatal plunge over the precipice into
that black pool was made about half-past eight o'clock in the evening.
But after a careful examination of the locality (which has suffered
few or no essential changes since that time) in company with Big Tom
Wilson, the leader of the search and the fortunate discoverer of the
body, I find myself unable to accept this opinion. With Mr. Wilson
I followed Dr. Mitchell's trail from the Falls for more than a mile up
the mountain, and I can say without exaggeration that it was by far
the roughest mile I ever traversed. I cannot believe that Dr. Mitchell
or any other man could have gone down there after dark, nor can I
square it with the known prudence of his character that he should
have even attempted to do so. It is as much as a bold active man
can do to go in broad daylight where Dr. Mitchell went ; that he suc-
ceeded in reaching the Falls in the night is incredible. The sole evi-
dence that he did do so is that his watch had stopped at nineteen
minutes past eight. Taking into consideration the following circum-
stances, viz.:

ist. The exceedingly dangerous descent for the last mile.

48 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

2d. That Dr. Mitchell was never an active man in the sense of
physical agility, and was then in the 64th year of his age.

3d. That he would have had abundant time after leaving the Swan-
nanoa trail at 5 o'clock, to have Veached the Falls by half-past seven,
or even by 7 o'clock, at both of which times there was still fair day-
light on this the western slope of a high mountain.

4th. That none knew better than he the peril of attempting the
descent after dark. . •

5th. That he was a man of well-balanced mind and of great pru-
dence, and would not have been guilty of the folly of such an under-
taking.

6th. The exceeding improbability that he or any other man could
have gone as far as the Falls in the night : — I think it will appear that
he did not plunge over this precipice after dark in the course of a wild
blundering. The accepted opinion is that as he was descending the
bed of the stream, in the night, he heard the murmur of the Falls just
before him and turned up on the north side of the stream to avoid
them. Thinking he had done so, he attempted to descend again to
the bed of the stream, but most unfortunately did not go far enough,
stepped on the inclined and slippery rock overhanging the pool, slid into
this some fifteen feet below, and was there drowned. Mr. Wilson pointed
out to me where Dr. Mitchell had come down the stream, and turned
up on the side, where he began to slip, and where he plunged over the
edge of the rock. He had been tracked with wonderful patience and
skill from the Swannanoa trail to his last fatal step, and when found
had no brusies or contusions of any kind upon his person. This last
fact but strengthens the opinion that he did not make the descent
after dark. It is my deliberate opinion that Dr. Mitchell reached the
Falls before dark, that in attempting to observe their magnitude (for
nothing of this is to be seen from above), he ascended the northern
side of the stream, and in peering over the edge of the pool, lost his
footing and fell in.

It cannot be believed that any man as unacquainted with the route
as Dr. Mitchell was could have reached the Falls after dark, and to
believe that any man would have attempted it, is to charge him with
most extraordinary and mo^t culpable rashness.

To suppose that Dr. Mitchell, of all men, would have been guilty of
such inexcusable temerity, is utterly at variance with his known

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 49

character. That he was a determined man, who shrank back from no
ordinary task because of impending danger, is well known ; but that he
would have attempted what he could not but know would in all prob-
ability result in his death, ,1 cannot believe, nor will it be believed
by those who knew him personally, and who have studied the locality
and all the attending circumstances.

Dr. Mitchell's body was w ( ith great difficulty transported to the top
of the peak, two-and a-half miles, on men's shoulders, and thence car-
ried to Asheville, where it was buried on the 10th day of July. From
Asheville it was removed to-the top of his peak, and interred there on
the 16th of June, 1858.

From that time until the present, it has lain there with only a rough
cairn of stones to mark the spot. Several attempts have been made
to have a suitable monument erected to his memory there, but from
one cause or other they all failed.

Upon the death of his daughter, Mrs. E. N. Grant, in 1883, it was
found that she had set aside a sum of money to be expended for this
purpose. This was increased from time to time by donations from
other members of the family until the Spring of 1888, when a suffi-
cient amount was available. At the request of Miss M. E. Mitchell,
the University of North Carolina took charge of the undertaking.
The deed to the site of the grave was vested in the University, and a
committee, consisting of President Kemp P. Battle, Prof. J. W. Gore
and Dr. Wm. B. Phillips, was appointed by the Faculty and charged
with the duty of erecting a suitable monument over the grave.

Perhaps the most suitable structure would have been a great cairn of
rough hewn stones, so put together as to be a lasting memorial of this
famous man, with a tablet let in inscribed with his name and recount-
ing briefly the circumstances of his death. But owing to the nature
of the s.tone on the summit, and the difficulties attending such work,
after careful consideration the committee decided upon a monument
of white bronze. The plans, drawings and specifications were submit-
ted to the accessible surviving members of Dr. Mitchell's family and
accepted by them. In May, 1888, the contract was let to the Monu-
mental Bronze Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut. It called for a
structure of white bronze, of pyramidal shape, three feet square at the
base, twelve feet high, cast in sections, the heaviest piece not to exceed
140 pounds in weight, with interior bolts of copper and brass, the

50 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

whole to be delivered at Black Mountain Station on the Western North
Carolina Railway by the middle of July, for $400.

The other members of the committee not being able to attend to
the work, Dr. Phillips was requested by the Faculty of the University to
assume entire control of it. He had made two separate visits to the
Peak, and was well acquainted with the difficulties to be met and over-
come. On the 16th of July he made the ascent again, going carefully
over the trail twice, to observe whether or no it would be necessary to
repair it. It was Miss Mitchell's wish that the trail from Patton's to
the Peak be put in good condition, so as to facilitate the journey thither.
The trail was found to be in a deplorable condition. It had not been
worked for twenty years and more, and was in places entirely blocked
up by fallen timber, so that circuitous routes had been laid off to avoid
it. At other places, steep and dangerous rocks had been laid bare by
the torrents of water which after every rain rush down the trail. For
several miles the trail was a ditch from one to four feet deep and two
to three feet wide, half filled with loose stones and intersected by hun-
dreds of roots, rendering horseback riding disagreeable at all times
and frequently perilous. For the last half mile there were no less
than six extremely dangerous places, the last one, at the very summit,
being particularly so. As it was determined to transport the monu-
ment, piece by piece, from the Depot branch to the grave, a distance
of about nine miles, on men's shoulders, it became advisable to repair
the trail thoroughly, not only on account of the additional ease with
which the "carry" could be made, but also, and more especially, on
account of the additional safety to the men and to the monument.

On the 1 8th of July, therefore, the work on the trail was begun.
The monument had not yet arrived, and it was hoped to complete the
work on the trail before it should reach us. The work proceeded
steadily with no interruptions except on account of bad weather, and
by the 8th of August, the trail was in excellent order from Patton's to
the top of the Peak. We worked that trail with a cross-cut saw, with
mattocks, spades, crow-bars, hand-spikes, sledge-hammers, drill ham-
mers, drills, blasting powder, hoes and hands. At times only one-
fourth of a mile could be made per day. We slept on the ground, on
rocks, on balsam bark, on each other, on anything that was at hand,
under balsam boughs, under blankets, under shelving rocks, under the
starry firmament, under each other. It shined upon us, it rained upon

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 51

us ; it was windy, it was calm ; it was warm, it was cold ; it was comfort-
able, it was very uncomfortable. At times we had plenty to eat, at times
little, and at other times nothing at all, for as we advanced up the
mountain we added day by day to the distance that separated us from
the comforts of life. Two University students beamed upon us for a
few minutes and then passed by, Messrs. W. E. Hedden and O. D.
Batchelor, leaving us to the now familiar companionship of the cross-
cut saw and hand-spike. Several parties of tourists, equipped with all
the unnecessary luggage with which such people generally travel, came
and went. One party was particularly kind, and informed us that
Mitchell's High Peak was named for " a General Mitchell of the Fed-
eral Army," who was buried on its summit, and General Clingman upon
Clingman's Peak. Between these and a party who contended that the
proposed monument was a life-size marble bust of a Miss Smith, who
lost her life on the mountain under romantic circumstances, we were
sadly puzzled, and knew not for a while what we were doing.

The diffusion of popular information among a certain class of the
citizens of this great country does not as yet seem to be perfect.

Finally, the trail was finished, and on Tuesday August 7th, we be-
gan the transportation of the monument from Black Mountain Sta-
tion. From this point to Patton's is seven miles, and the road is
fairly good. There were seven cases in all, weighing 1,041 pounds. We
hauled them in a wagon two miles above Patton's, where they were
unpacked, and the sections of the monument, nine in number, were
then slung on poles, securely fastened, and the ten-mile "carry " was
begun. We had built a wagon road one mile further, and could have
made the "carry" only nine miles, but found it would save time to
unload and unpack two miles above Patton's instead of three, sending
the wagon on with the provisions and blankets.

By Wednesday evening all the sections had reached the old William
Patton place, five miles from Patton's at the foot of the mountain,
and we went into camp. Such a night as followed must be experienced ;
it cannot be described. The weather was so fine during the afternoon
and early evening that we concluded to camp here instead of pushing
on to our regular camp, five miles further, where we had built a sub-
stantial and comfortable Indian wigwam. So we cut down some bal-
sam boughs, stood them up against a ridge-pole, built a good fire and
turned in. All went well until 11 o'clock. Then began a most tre-
mendous thunder storm, and a second deluge of rain. The thermometer

52 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

fell to 40 F., the wind blew with a violence unknown in these
lower regions, while the incessant and blinding sheets of lightning lit
up the sombre gorges to right and left and before with lurid and ghastly
flames, and each neighboring peak echoed in thundering reverberations
the shoutings of the great storm king.

We were forced to leave our now insufficient shelter and creep cau-
tiously down the mountain to a shelving rock, beneath which we
crouched in unhappy wetness and cold, sixteen of us packed into a
place barely large enough for six. It was at this time that my then
companion, Mr. Jas. D. McNeill, of Fayetteville, N. C, expressed his
utter and entire satisfaction with mountain travel, a sentiment silently
but completely acquiesced in by the others, whom, perhaps, excess of
joy had for the moment deprived of speech. On Thursday, August 9th
however, the sun rose majestically from behind the sharp outline of the
Pinnacle, gazed for a moment upon that cowed and shivering group,
and then betook himself to his daily task of warming and beautifying
the earth. We dried our clothes as best we could, cooked and ate a
hasty breakfast, and reassuming our several burdens began again the
toilsome ascent. We camped the following night in our wigwam at
Stepp's spring, and on Friday, August 10th, at 11:45 A. M., the last
section of the monument was laid beside the grave on the Peak, and
the greater part of this arduous undertaking was at an end. The
monument itself weighed about nine hundred pounds, and in three
and a-half days from the time of receiving it at the railway, it had
been hauled nine miles and carried ten miles, thirteen men, one boy
and two oxen bei.ng employed at a cost of $46.96.

The work of quarrying out stone for the foundation was begun
Monday, August 13th. The rock on the Peak is a coarse gneiss, very
friable and brittle, so that it was found best to get out two blocks and
join them in a bedding of Portland cement. The two together weighed
about 1,800 pounds, and after drilling" 1 in them the necessary anchor
holes, they were placed in position at the head of the grave and leveled.
The bottom section of the monument, weighing 140 pounds, was then
anchored to the foundation by eight § inch copper bolts screwed into the
metal base and " leaded " into the ro:k. The second section was then
bolted to the first by eighty inch copper bolts from within. The third
section was bolted to the second by eight J inch copper bolts, and fastened
to the bed-rock by four 1 inch zinc bolts, screwed into the section and
" leaded" into the rock. The monument is thusanchored to the bed-rock

COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS. 53

by eight f inch copper bolts and four 1 inch zinc bolts. Each section was
bolted to the one underneath by eight \ inch copper bolts, all of which
fitted fairly well except a few. All these bolts are within the struc-
ture, none of them show from the outside. Finally, the cap weighing
about 80 lbs., was hoisted up, and screwed to the 8th section by four \
inch copper screws with ornamental zinc heads. These heads, being of the
exact color and composition of the monument itself, are countersunk
into the cap, and are barely noticeable. The last screw was fastened at
4:45 P. M., August 18th, 1888, and the monument stood complete.
It is severely plain, having no figure-work or ornamental designs of
any kind. Upon the western side is cast in raised letters " Mitchell;"
on the side towards the grave is the following brief inscription :

" Here lies in hope of a blessed resurrection the body of the Rev. Elisha
Mitchell, D. D., who after being for 39 years a Professor in the Univer-
sity of North Carolina, lost his life in the scientific exploration of this
mountain in the 6ph year of his age, June 2jth, 185 J."

Below this are the words, " ERECTED IN 1888."

The material of which the monument is made is known as white
bronze. It is in fact almost pure zinc, which is treated under the
sand-blast to impart a finely granular appearance, and to cause it to
resemble white granite. It does closely resemble this stone. It is
practically weather-proof, and will not become discoloured. There
were no ceremonies connected with the erection of this monument to
Dr. Mitchell, this address alone being commemorative of the event.

It is so far as can be learned, the highest monument in the United
States, if not in the world, which has been especially prepared for the
purpose, transported five hundred miles and carried on men's shoulders
to such an elevation. The grave of Helen Hunt Jackson, near Colorado
City, Colorado, is at an elevation of 8,500 feet, but is not marked by a
structure of this kind.

This simple bronze monument will stand for many generations,
overlooking the beautiful valley of the Catawba and the Estatoe,
fronting the graceful outlines of the Linville Mountains and Grand-
father, marking the spot where repose the remains of a great and good
man, whose example shineth ever more brightly, and whose memory
will ever be cherished at this venerable seat of learning, so dear to him,
so full of memorials of one of the wisest and best of teachers. Si
monumentum quceris, circumspice !

54 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

POETRY AND TRUTH IN WORDSWORTH.

The ancient Stoic sought God apart from Nature, and in his life of
self-discipline lost the inspiration which comes from sheer animal de-
light in her charms or from mystic fellowship with her hidden spirit.
The Pantheist adores nature as the vague and indefinite "All," and
seems to us to lose God Himself in groping after an impersonal ab-
straction. Wordsworth believed both in the Soul and in Nature, and in
God in both ; and his spiritual and poetic power opened our eyes to the
correspondence between the Soul in Nature and the Soul in man.

He lived at an important transition period in the career of England
and of man in general. In literature, the Romantic revival had already
begun, for Cowper had made his successful protest against the finical
emptiness of the mere imitators of Pope and had effected the union of
good sense with natural forcible diction and apt numbers. Great con-
vulsions in the body politic accompanied the intellectual reaction every-
where seen. The French Revolution was stirring the oppressed people
into revolt against the standing order of things, a revolt which threat-
ened the foundations of social happiness, while it defined the worth
of the individual as against class and caste and tyrannical custom.
Man as man became the study and the hope of the politician, the
philosopher, the poet ; and Wordsworth, for earnest, moral, Saxon
England, became in the order of Providence a divine voice, a satisfy-
ing interpreter. It is true, that as the intellectual and political revo-
lution went to its inevitable extreme, that conservative reaction seized
him which overtook Burke and Southey also, and attracted towards
Wordsworth the thunderbolt of Browning's " Lost Leader." But his
truth in humanity and in its progress never faltered.

The following lines illustrate the spirit which animates many of his
strains and help us to differentiate him from other poets :

" O Nightingale ! Thou surely art a creature of a fiery heart ;
These notes of thine — they pierce and pierce,
Tumultuous harmony and fierce !

I heard a stock-dove sing or say His homely tale this very day;
His voice was buried among trees, Yet to be come at by the breeze:
He sang of love with quiet blending, Slow to begin and never-ending,
Of serious faith and inward glee; That was the song, — the song for me !"

POETRY AND TRUTH IN WORDSWORTH. 55

He loved the retirement in which he could hear and interpret the
voice of his own heart, but he restrained the tendency to a morbid
self-questioning by constant communion with all phases of outward
Nature and with those simple souls who live near to Nature unt ram meled
by conventionalisms. Some of his poems are records of long tours taken
on foot amid that exquisite scenery of the Cumberland and West-
moreland lakes and their guardian mountains, in which one realizes the
perfect " bridal of the earth and sky." His noble prose essays and
his letters to his sister Dorothy, reveal the minuteness of his observa-
tions and the tranquil delight that thrilled him in this remote life
amongst the dalemen. There are passages which are the germs of
Lucy, of The Highland Girl, o( The Daffodils, of those long descriptions
of character and those statements of philosophic truth seen in The
Prelude and The Excursion. He thus tells his own experience :

" The outward shows of sky and earth,
Of hill and valley he has viewed;
And impulses of deeper birth
Have come to him in solitude."

He reaped the harvest of a quiet eye that sleeps and broods on his
own heart. Thus there shone in upon him a sense of the mystery
and yet of the beneficent working of Nature, an inner sense, such as
others do not appear to have gained until he comes to guide and teach
them. He is not content with cold scientific analysis of tree and
flower, — -he answers the despairing cry that Nature is hard and cold
and that the Power that rules her is impersonally indifferent to our
aspirations and sorrows. He is the prophet of natural religion, a seer
beholding with open face the secret for himself, and inspired to
make it an open secret for us. How apt we are to miss
" the splendor in the grass, the glory in the flower ! " Rural life, even
in the midst of the grander aspects of Nature, is too often viewed as
rude and mean. Sometimes " every prospect pleases, — only man is
vile." Wordsworth sets the simplicity and greatness of outward
objects together. He finds an awe-inspiring character and an enno-
bling impulse in the emotions of the abandoned mother and the forlorn
boy, in the transparent feeling of his Lucy, as well as in the heroic
self-abnegation of the classic Laodamia. The Lines Composed near
Tintern Abbey strike the key-note of his poetic philosophy. The
waters of the Wye, its steep and lofty cliffs, all the associations of the
spot, to them he owes that blessed mood,
2

56 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

" In wh'ch the burthen of the mystery,
In which the heavy and the weary weight
Of all this unintelligible world,
Is lightened : * * *

While with an eye made quiet by the power
Of harmony and the deep power of joy,
We see into the life of things."

In his boyish days, the sounding cataract

" Haunted him like a passion."

Now he recognizes something still deeper, " the still, sad music of
humanity."

" I have felt a presence that disturbs me with the joy
Of elevated thoughts: a sense sublime
Of something far more deeply interfused,
Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns,
And the round ocean and the living air
And the blue sky and in the mind of man.
* * * Well pleased to recognize
In Nature and the language of the sense
The anchor of my purest thoughts, the nurse,
The guide, the guardian of my heart, and soul
Of all my moral being."

Even in his best lyrics the spontaneity of emotion, " the well-spring
bursting forth suddenly at one's feet," is checked in its incipiency by
this reflective mood. In the elder day of the world the Greek had a
vivid vision of Morn going forth with the Sun-god following in her
wake and the radiant and happv hours attendant on him ; and this
view was consistent with a dim sense of " the Power that makes for
righteousness." Wordsworth passed beyond this. But we think it
fortunate, considering the mission he was destined to perform, that he
had not quite reached our period of scientific progress, when the phe-
nomena of the universe, of life in general, have mixed themselves in
all their strangeness and their familiarity with the imagination and
the feelings, and found themselves reflected in the novel and the poem.
For he might not have had so much of pure idyllic joy in looking into
the heart of Nature and finding that she never did betray the human
heart that loved her, a joy alternating with the spiritual philosopher's
sense of personal responsibility colored and chastened by her ministry.
All his training fitted him to give direct expression to this ever spring-
ing pleasure in the contemplation of Nature and man as adapted to
each other. Read his Sonnet on the Beach at Calais.

Or his

POETRY AND TRUTH IN WORDSWORTH. 57

" Listen! the Mighty Being is awake,
And doth with his eternal motion make
A sound like thunder everlastingly."

" Great God! I'd rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn:
So might I, standing on the pleasant lea.
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn:
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea:
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn."

The Highland Girl excites his romantic sensibility, but he composes
his song on her in unison with his wife and sister. The darker and
more terrible passions of his time seem to have swept by without
harming him, if one may judge from the absence in his verse of that
volcanic energy so characteristic of Byron. We learn that at certain
times he was disposed to a violent excitement, but the tranquil-
lizing influence of Nature stole into his fancy and heart and commu-
nicated that inward peace which flowed like a river in steady current
towards the thought of God and duty and eternity. Do not the
sublime aspects of the external world, the mountains and the sea, affect
us in some sort like the conception of the Deity and of the immortal
life beyond us, and, after we have held true converse with them, cease
to be disquieting, vast and mysterious though they be, and under their
overshadowing spell hush all lower noises and all the common
experiences that flurry the surface of our being? This poet
teaches us his hidden sources of instruction and solace, and we too
learn to run into them. A brilliant sceptic said that Wordsworth's
grasp of the real Beauty of the world, and his sense of the nearness
of the silent forces of things to man's life, communicated themselves
to him and consoled him with all his atheism weighing on him. The
wonder and the pity is that they did not take him back to the Life of
all life, the Soul of all souls, the personal God.

Through our seer, hill and lake and meadow and ocean return to
our sight as new creations apparalled in celestial light, the dew and
liquid morn yet on them and on us. Childhood is for him the interpre-
ter of Heaven. He firmly forces you back on your true intuitions as the
" fountain-light of all your seeing " into truth, and these intuitions he
would have us study in their undimmed quality in youth. In his reflec-
tive lyrics the child is made to show us that a right nature cannot tolerate

58 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the idea of death, cannot understand anything but the ceaseless throb-
bing of its own life in harmony with God's.

Our subject is intended to suggest that his charm is that of profound
vital truth wedded to beauty, the perception he creates in us of the
nobleness of life and the dignity of human nature even under the
homeliest guise. His Lyrics are strong and original in conception,
definite in statement, with a clear, true ring, a transparent sincerity.
There is no pretense, no filigree work. The bare majesty of his style
is colored by a glowing imagination that never becomes wayward and
uncontrolled. In his Sonnets he is near to perfection in his expression
of the great simple truths of experience. This cameo-like form of
verse, adopted from the Italian, handled with free and graceful strength
by Shakspere and with artistic breadth and sublime vigor by Milton,
shows in Wordsworth the combination of Milton's power and elevation
with Shakspere's flowing ease and loveliness.

It was not strange that Wordsworth should have strayed into his
peculiar theory of poetic diction. Because he was simple and high,
he supposed that height and simplicity went always in company. He
declared that the true language of poetry does not differ from the best
prose. It was his protest against the affectation and the exaggeration
that had disfigured too much of English verse ; and we may forgive
the few puerilities it is so easy to caricature, when we find that the
childlike hand that commits such artistic mistakes is transformed into
the eagle's pinion, and bears us away serenely into the " light that
never shone on land or sea." THOMAS Hume.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. . 59

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. XI. The Old University Magazine.

Iri the first place, why should there be a University Magazine at all?

A great many good reasons why, seem to spring up at the first ask-
ing of this question. (1.) A Magazine published at the University
affords a gentle stimulus, and a suitable outlet for the budding literary
aspirations of the college students. It is their mouthpiece, so to speak.
(2.) It furnishes an authentic record of college life, and the perfor-
mances or failures of graduates and undergraduates, and also a fair
chronicle of the times in and around the seat of the University. (3.)
It builds up college feeling, and forms a bond of union in the present,
and of future continued interest in the University for students past,
present, and to come. (4.) It is, or should be, a repository of some of
the results of study, of reading, of reflection among the gentlemen of
the Faculty. They have it at hand to use in their literary work, their
" new readings," suggestions, facts scientific, literary, or moral. (5.)
It is a common ground where Professors and students may meet and
learn to respect each other's attainments, may encourage, applaud,
assist each other.

The reply of the regular-bred North Carolinian to such reasons in
favor of supporting a University Magazine will ordinarily amount to:
(1.) The budding literary aspirations of collegians are not worth at-
tending to, or providing a vehicle for, and if they are, we don't care to
pay $1.00 a year to encourage 'em. (2.) College life, and events in
and around the Hill are interesting to collegians only. (3.) College
feeling and the bond of union proves a rope of sand the day after *
commencement. We old students are ready to talk all day about the
sacred hills and halls, but when you comedown to real matters of fact,
'taint proned into us, as uncle Remus says, to give a real dollar to- ,.
wards keeping the hills and hails going. (4.) The Faculty as a body
seldom appear to have any results of study or of reading to commu-
nicate ; and when they do, they prefer a wider audience than the
UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE affords. (5.) There's no use in anything any-
way, and less in the UNIVERSITY Magazine than anything else.
When we take a Magazine, (which we never do), we want something
with news — something with illustrations. (6.) I haven't got a dollar.

60 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Such reasons are conclusive. The Magazine is not supported,
though still it lives along "at a poor dying rate," as we have seen a
vine draggling half on the ground and half on an insufficient trellis,
producing a few clusters when it might have borne bushels of good
fruit.

In the year 1844, sa y forly-five years ago, after much talk, much
hesitation and some enthusiasm, a Magazine to be devoted to the in-
terests of the University of North Carolina was resolved upon, was
officered, and was launched. Gov. Swain was of course among the
leading spirits of the enterprise, though the students themselves were,
I believe, its originators and most enthusiastic friends. There were some
very bright young fellows in college in those days, and the senior class
of '44 held some of the brightest.

Gov. Swain thought great advantages were to result not only to
the University, but to the State at large from the move. He proposed
to make the Magazine a repository for valuable historical papers, he
thought intelligent people throughout the State would be interested —
that his Faculty would assist to give stability and permanent value by
their communications, and that it was to prove the vanguard of active
literary achievement in North Carolina.

Thomas Loring, of Raleigh, undertook to be the publisher; he also
assumed the pecuniary liabilities, a piece of enthusiasm which doubt-
less proved a grief of mind unto him afterwards.

The editors, selected from the senior class, remained carefully incog.
In those days it was thought to savor of undue self-assertion to put
your name to anything you had written. There was something>posi-
tively indelicate in letting it appear in print.

No. 1, of Vol. I, appeared in March '44, and was hailed by
certain parties in Chapel Hill with much pride. The inaugural was
written by E. DeB. Covington, of Richmond county, a gifted, ambi-
tious and handsome youth, who had evinced a decided taste for letters
and was, moreover, possessed of a vein of poetical talent. A month or
two previously he had issued the Prospectus, written in graceful f.isli-
ion and promising the ladies especially that the editors would "always
wield a gallant pen."

He led off now with a fluent article on " American Poetry," clearly
demonstrating that America had no poets. However, we all admired
prodigiously his " Lines to the University Poplar*" in this very num-

*Keprintud on page 64 of this number.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 61

ber. The philological critics, (for North Carolina was chock-full of
critics even then), objected indeed, that the Scotch vernacular in which
the poet chose to celebrate the old tree was a little too Scotch to be
natural. Burns himself might have needed a glossary: — -and the sen-
timental critics had their feelings hurt by the poet's repeated prognos-
tications of the tree's speedy decline and fall.

Poor Covington ! bright, ardent, and promising! the poplar has out-
lived him this many a year, has withstood even a staggering thunder-
bolt, and still holds its head high among its leafy brethren.

Robert Cowan, of Wilmington, one among the many handsome and
gifted boys whom loyal Wilmington has continuously sent to our
University since its first opening day, contributed a manly article on
"The Abuse of the Press" He too is dead. George Wetmore, of
Fayetteville, long a useful minister in the Episcopal church, and
Stephen A. Stanfield, one of the best in the Presbyterian, were both
editors and contributors, and Gov. Swain gave one of those stray
leaves of North Carolina History, which, little as the young folks
thought of them, form now the chief value of the back numbers of
each series of the MAGAZINE, and are eagerly inquired for, North, East,
South and West.

Of all who contributed to that first number, but two, I believe, are
now living: Rev. Dr. Deems, of New York, and Hon. S. F. Phillips,
of Washington City.

The pride felt in the new MAGAZINE received a withering
stroke from the misguided zeal of the Publisher to fill up the requisite
number of pages. College " Personals" were not then dreamed of, and
poor Mr. Loring had nothing of that sort to fall back" upon — no late
news of " Slip shot Sam " or "Father Wade" or " Ped Bullacc," no
thrilling announcement that Baldy Long-legs is now station-master at
Bideawhile or that "Short-horns " has become a lawyer of vast erudi-
tion since our last issue. So he made up ten pages of " Foreign news "
to January 6th ; of debates in Congress to January 26th ; news about
the Mormons; an awful case of poisoning from "Lobelia"; a thrilling
romance of " the sweet Famele " ; one of Miller's oldest jokes, and the
particulars of "Tricking a tailor" in New York, — the whole not unlike
a third-class " patent back" of the present era.

A universal shudder ran through us at this specimen of padding.
" Lobelia " indeed ! Had Mr. Loring- a mind to make us all ridiculous ?

62 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

After all, it was only anticipatory. In December of that year the
last number appeared. The UNIVERSITY Magazine had not been
supported ; it had collapsed ; and to fill up the last numbers the un-
happy publisher resorted to the publication of " Indexes to Colonial Doc-
uments now on file in the State paper offices in London" and " Proceed
ings of the Safety Committee for Wilmington, 1774-76."

By this time our pride was mightily abased, and not even a feeble
remonstrance was uttered. We were very willing to let it go at that,
and say no more, if Mr. Loring on his part made no further move.

Little did any of the young folks of that day suppose they would
ever see the publication in full, and in North Carolina, of those very
"Colonial Documents." Live forty- five years, however, and one sees a
great many unexpected events. Everything comes to those who can
wait.

Thus ended, after ten months' struggle, the first attempt. The final
editorial closes thus lugubriously:

" Projected at an unfortunate epoch in the history of public feeling,
commencing with an insufficient patronage to justify its publication
without hazardous responsibility — confined to a contracted sphere of
circulation — deprived of the kind smiles and encouraging sympathies
of friends, it has lingered on through the successive stages of its brief
existence, until, having reached the contemplated goal of its short-
lived career, it takes its place among the things that were. Its brief
but eventful history contains an instructive lesson, a warning moral to
all subsequent adventurers in the paths of literary glory. Requicscat
in pace."

The MAGAZINE, nevertheless, was destined to rise again, and yet
again. The second series, begun in '51 -'52, was closed by the war in
i860, and the last Vol.. (X), was padded with an autobiography of
President Caldwell.

Reviewing these volumes one sees a pretty strong family likeness
in them all. There is always an article upon " Love " or " Woman ";
always a strictly literary essay ; always one upon " Life," and tolerably
melancholy too; always a "Dream" or a "Reverie"': and always
some lines addressed to Miss X., Y. or Z. There are always the college
addresses; "baccalaureates;" tributes of respect; and Gov. Swain in-
variably puts in his notes on the " War of the Regulation," or biog-
raphies of Revolutionary worthies.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 63

As before stated, the historical contributions, whether by the Gov-
ernor, or by Dr. Hubbard, or by Dr. Deems, or any other of his col-
leagues were all that gave permanent value to the publication, and no
one who meditates writing a full history of this State can afford to
overlook the files of our UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

On the whole, the contributions of the second series, as well as of
the third, are of a lighter texture than those handed in in 1844.
Whether of greater literary merit, I shall leave to others to decide.
The object of a Magazine it has been said, is to please, to entertain
without fatiguing the attention. It should not aim too high, nor use
very heavy metal.

. For myself, I prefer college thoughtfulness to college fun. I prefer
the under graduate's stateliest views on the probable destiny of the
English language to his description of a coon-hunt or a candy pulling.
Let some philosopher say why, but the truth is that few very young
people are good at jokes. Sentiment, passion, even tragedy, may be-
come them, but let them beware of attempts to be comic.

Ten or twelve years before the first essay at a Magazine, Dr. Cald-
well projected and issued a weekly newspaper entitled " The Harbin-
ger." It was printed in Chapel Hill by a Mr. Isaac Patridge, from
Newbern, and lasted perhaps a year. I have been told by good judges
that this was a paper of superior character. The various members of the
Faculty -assisted Dr. Caldwell in the editing or make up; and made
it so far ahead of the times that nobody wanted to read it. 1 suppose
that not a copy is now in existence.

Since President Battle came to the helm, the UNIVERSITY MAGA-
ZINE has been again resuscitated, and in some respects with far supe-
rior results. But there is always this trouble about a college publica-
tion : if the Faculty or other experienced hands take hold of it, the
students begin to lose their interest in it ; and if the students engineer
it exclusively and to please themselves, nobody else will read it.

College literature must depend largely on college friends for its sup-
port. Students themselves and the late graduates will want to see
the " personals," and the Chapel Hill gossip, old students will be in-
terested by historical communications, and by seeing the movements
of the Institution, and being able to note a steady progress and im-
provement in the quality of its articles.

// should be carefully edited.

64 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

And here I may congratulate the friends of our MAGAZINE on the
fact that some of the Faculty of the present day are giving freely of
their time to this work ; and as all that is done by editors and
contributors is gratuitously done, our friends abroad may see that
there is some public spirit in exercise at Chapel Hill. They who
give a dollar to keep the UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE alive, are not, after
all, its most generous patrons. C. P. SPENCER.

THE DAVIE POPLAR.

The following is to be found in the March number, 1844, of TlIE
University Magazine. It is such a gem that we think it will bear
reprinting. The author was Mr. E. DeB. Covington :

LINES

Addtessed to an Aged Poplar, standing in the College Grove.

Auld Tree ! ye haud your head fu' high,
Your swirlie spauls athart the sky ;
Ye gar all ithers stand abeigh,

Aboon them a' :
I rede ye, tho' ye geek sae skeigh,

Ye soon may fa'.

Ye ken ye stand on classic grun',
And reek na win', nor rain, nor sun ;
For weel ye trow our lave you've won,

Auld totterin' fricn' !
But now, I grieve your course is run,

Oure late to men'.

Ye have a stock of antique lear,
Whilk ye hae kept wi' tentie care.
For ilka birkie wha may spier

Wi' studious airs ;
For weel ye ken that we would hear

Of our forbears.

THE DAVIE POPLAR. 65

Ye mind ye weel, in bye-gone days,
How Trustee fathers — carls o' grace,
When toddlin' on to choose a place

For Learning's seat,
Unco' forjesket — tak their ease

E'en at your feet.

How they beguiled the lee lang day
(An' auld Rip too, I weel might say,)
Wi' clishmaclaver, crouse an' free,

In drucken gate,
Or crooning o'er some antient glee

Till gloamin' late.

But time has passed — an' they are gane !

An' ye, auld frien', are left alane

To speak their fauts — whilk give no pain ;

For know the trowth,
That runkled eild may have its fun,

As well as youth.

A douce, auld Tree, ye lang hae stood ;
But Time wha recks na ill nor good,
Wi' blastin' tooth has sapp'd your blaid

An' left his mark.
I'd fain uphaud ye, an' I could,

Auld Patriarch !

66 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP: FROM BLACK MOUNTAIN
TO HIGHLANDS.

The whirl and bustle of Commencement was past. The Class of '88
had stood all together for the last time and sung their beautiful class
song. And deeply impressive had been that final moment, the most
affecting of the whole graduating exercises. For the graduates, a short
breathing spell was now at hand before commencing in earnest the
business of life ; for the rest of the students, the question was how to
spend the vacation. Morehead and Wrightsville had great attractions
and beguiled many, but some of us turned our steps mountainward.
Among these were the writer and his boon companion, who will be
referred to as "Son." We had resolved to take a mountain tramp.

Leaving Chapel Hill on Saturday, June 9th, we were to go to Black
Mountain Station and commence our tramp from there. We had
planned a definite route, knowing exactly what we wished to sec, and
had even set dates for being at certain places. This last was unwise,
for rain and other unforeseen calamities delayed us and caused great an-
noyance. The true way to proceed is to go leisurely along, seeing what
you choose, but with your mind ready to make changes of programme
on the slightest notice. If this course is adhered to, and one has, as
we had, a minute diary of some preceding tramp, nothing is more
delightful than a walking tour through the mountains. For a student,
it is especially charming, as it furnishes such a violent contrast to his
previous sedentary life.

The Sunday afternoon ride up the mountains was marred by a
hard rain, which greatly obscured our view. The night we spent at
the Black Mountain Hotel, which, though not open for guests, had a
few inmates. Our proposed trip was much laughed at, and we were
told that we would be found back there in just about a week. Un-
fortunately, our chief scoffer was not on hand to be put to confusion
when we finally did return.

Our Monday's excursion to Catawba Falls, six miles off, was rather
a failure, for we lost our way through the misdirection of our guide.
Finally, becoming disgusted, we retraced our steps and dined at a
store at the east end of the Swannanoa tunnel. We were ravenously
hungry, but all we could get was a large number of great, sweet lemon
crackers and a can of potted ham. Our meal, however poor, yet tasted

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 67

exceeding sweet, for veriiy the mountain air and much toil had made
almost anything acceptable. After dinner, we walked down the rail-
road to Round Knob, encountering a large blacksnake, and amusing
ourselves stepping off the length of all the short tunnels we passed.
One point, where you can see through two tunnels to the bright day-
light beyond, is particularly pretty. Of Round Knob, the chief glory
is of course the fountain. One can sit for hours and never tire of
watching the swaying, ever-varying column of mist. On calm days
the height is said to be over two hundred feet, but at no time did we
see it over a hundred and forty.

Having had our hair cropped, we set out next morning, following
the fountain pipe, for Catawba Falls, which we reached this time with-
out difficulty. On every side the forest was thick with the white and
pink ivy, which was now in full blossom, mingled with the white laurel
and the superb azalea — white, scarlet and brilliant orange. In going
to the falls we followed, the last mile of the way, the course of a stream,
entirely without a path, down a very wild and steep yet extremely
beautiful gorge. We had almost despaired of ever finding the falls,
when suddenly we found ourselves at their foot. They are in two
divisions. The lower is a succession of cascades, the whole aggre-
gating nearly two hundred feet. Very beautiful they are, but the
upper falls, with their single plunge, are still more so. The climb to
the latter was like trying to walk up a wall. For two hundred yards
or more, we had to hold on to trees and bushes every step lest we fall
and know no more.

Returning to Black Mountain, we occupied ourselves in the prepara-
tion of our packs, and in bidding a last farewell to civilization and our
trunks, which were to be sent to Blowing Rock, our intended final desti-
nation. We had expended much care on deciding what we should carry
with us; in combining a maximum of comfort with a minimum of
weight. Our costume was flannel shirt, rough pants, stout, well-broken
shoes, belt, felt hat, and coat, which, on account of the heat, we gen-
erally suspended on our umbrellas and carried on our backs. The
packs which we bore consisted of a change of underclothing, some
paper-back literature to read in emergencies, and several sundries which
suggest themselves to everyone, wrapped in a large piece of oilcloth
held together with leather straps, which fastened the whole to our

68 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

shoulders. Hanging over the pack, and thus out of our way, was a
rubber coat. Pack, coat and all, weighed a little over ten pounds.

Our Wednesday's walk was directly south of Black Mountain to
ex-Judge Logan's hostelry at Chimney Rock, twenty miles. The road
was beautiful most of the way, running up. one stream till we came
to Lakey's Gap and then down the Broad River, at first a small
brook, at last a river of considerable size. In the morning a hard
rain had fallen, and consequently the muddy roads were very disagree-
able. A stupid old mountaineer and a small boy named Jim Payne,
of pleasant face but of remarkably little sense, diverted our attention
for some miles. James declared that there was not a church or school
within ten miles of where he lived. Our dinner at Broad River Post-
office was presented to us on the strength of President Battle's repu-
tation. It seems that Dr. Battle had signed a recommendation of
some book of which our host was agent, but he had never even seen
him. This incident should be a lesson to our worthy Faculty. Here-
after they can give book testimonials with a light heart, relying on
some relative in the distant future obtaining a free dinner by reason
thereof. The dinner at Broad River was a fair sample of the -average
mountain meal. It consisted of very fat fried bacon, hot corn bread
and immense half-done biscuits, with good butter, excellent milk, and
very strong, very hot coffee, flavored with cream and brown sugar.

After dinner we continued to go down the Broad, now a large, beau-
tiful river dashing over great boulders, between very high, perpendic-
ular rock-cliffs, at first a mile or two apart, but with the distance
between them gradually expanding. The scenery all along the river
is grand, being rarely equalled. By the time we reached Logan's, we
were pretty well fagged out. Our first long all-day tramp, with the
first wearing of the pack, had produced its effect. The writer's neck,
too, was so blistered as to be sensitive to the slightest touch. Evi-
dently we were in no condition to see anything that afternoon, so we
concluded to spend the whole of Thursday at the Rock and see all
the objects of interest in the vicinity, for the valley of the Broad here
has more attractions for the tourist than any other one place in North
Carolina. Within a radius of four miles are Shaking Bald Mountain,
the Caves, the Pools, Hickory Nut Falls, and Chimney Rock itself.

Retiring early, we found a hot foot bath very soothing, but our slum-
bers were disturbed by a parcel of vile canines barking at a company

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 69

of midnight fishermen. On the following day, guided by one of the
Logans, we proceeded to the so-called caves in Bald Mountain. These
are not real limestone caves at all, but are formed by the falling away
and settling of the granite of which the whole mountain is composed.
The chambers are long, very narrow and high pitched, and extend
far into the mountain. We then had a terrific climb to the crack
near the top of old Bald. Bald Mountain at one time, it will be
remembered, caused great excitement by the deep rumblings heard in
it, the whole country for several miles being pretty well shaken. After
the loudest of these rumblings in 1881, a crack was discovered, which
was then much longer than at present, for it has partially filled up.
Now it is not more than two hundred yards long, two or three broad,
and at most I should say two hundred feet deep. At one end a large
mass of rock has fallen off, crushing the largest trees before it like twigs.
This granite is very beautiful, but the distance from a railroad pre-
vents its being utilized.

Hastily descending, and keeping a sharp look-out for pilots, as the
mountaineers call our copperheads, we proceeded at once to the Pools.
These are three perfectly circular holes in the solid rock-bed of a small
creek from fifteen to twenty feet wide and of great depth, the least
being eighty feet, we were told. They are very singular, and are
quite unique in their size and depth. The pool in which Dr. Mitchell
was drowned is something like them, but not so deep or so perfect in
shape. One of them is said at times to show great suction, allowing
nothing to remain on its surface, but of this we saw nothing.

Just after dinner, a very heavy rain storm prevented our going to
Chimney Rock and the Hickory Nut Falls. This was a great disap-
pointment, but we tried to amuse ourselves looking at a semblance of
a cabin on the cliff opposite the house, discovered by Mrs. Frances
Hodgson Burnett, and named, from the heroine of her story, the scene
of which is in part laid here, Esmeralda's Cabin. I was unable to find
it, but Son became quite enthusiastic on the subject. It was very
amusing during the storm to see the members of the family rushing
about, setting buckets and tubs to catch the water from the numerous
leaks. This family evidently makes money out of housing visitors.
The house is the most accessible one in the vicinity, and they give
good fare, but they truly know how to charge, and, for what they
furnish, exorbitantly too.

7 o THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Hendersonvillc was the next point to be reached, twenty miles off
The road thither was pretty, along a plateau, but with little shade,
and the heat was almost intolerable. We had trouble in finding a
dinner house, most of the people along the road being negroes. The
dinner we finally obtained, was several great lumps of dough browned
on top, boiling hot coffee without sugar, cream, or spoon, and good
butter. We could not possibly eat it, and excusing ourselves hurried
off. The poor woman looked hurt, for she had evidently put herself
to some inconvenience and had done the best she could.

At Hendersonville, Egerton's familiar face greeted us, and its owner
took pride in showing us the sights of his native place. It is a pretty
town, of a thousand inhabitants, and the summer resort of many
wealthy South Carolinians, who own some very elegant residences in
the vicinity. More charming than Egerton, however, and his hand-
some town, was the receiving of letters and remittances from home.
This was our last home news till we reached Waynesville, June 27th.

At night there was a dance, in which Son actually had the temerity
to take part. A fellow whose ardor for the Terpsichorean art is not
dampened by a twenty mile walk, combined with tramping costume,
must surely have been inspired by the muse herself. Of the fair
daughters of Hendersonville, none save two waltzed with men ; and of
the men present, only Son and Egerton knew how. But between the
two there was only one pair of pumps. So alternately did the redoubt-
able Son and the valiant Egerton glide round and round, being in
truth the cynosure of all eyes.

On Saturday, seven miles brought us to Bowman's Bluff, the home
of a large English colony. We took dinner with Dobbin Holmes,
whose father, a typical Englishman, bluff, hospitable and a great hunter,
has a very pretty place surrounded by white pines on the bank of the
French Broad. Both Mr. Holmes and Mr. Valentine were profuse in
their kindness, begging us to spend Sunday with them, but we de-
clined with regret, and continued our journey up the French Broad.
About five we reached a large stone store with a glass front and alto-
gether a very citified look, standing right in the open country. We
were strangely tired, and concluded to stop over Sunday at Calhoun,
as the place is called. The next day one of the clerks in the store
very kindly drove us to preaching at a Presbyterian church at David-
son's River, some four miles off. The road led along the French Broad

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. yi

through the most beautiful county in North Carolina. The broad
bottoms are very fertile, and well cultivated. The houses of the land-
owners are large and well built. On every side are evidences of wealth
and culture. One farm was particularly beautiful, the finest in Tran-
sylvania county in fact, and that is saying much. The residence is on
an elevation in the centre of large grounds, dotted here and there with
clumps of white pines. The former owner, a Mr. Lowndes, of Charles-
ton, spent much money on the place, but his son seems at present dis-
posed to neglect it.

Mountaineers have a peculiar way of calling a church, a church-
house. The church-house at Davidson's River was a barn-like, two-
storied affair, the lower floor being used as a school room. Why is
it that people will build ugly houses, and, least of all, ugly houses of
God? Sunday afternoon hung heavy on our hands, but with reading
and sleeping, it at last was over. Towards evening we were struck by
the unusual number of whip-poor-wills. These, together with thrushes
and red birds, were almost the only birds whose song we had yet heard.

In the morning we rose betimes, and desiring to reach Tallulah by
Friday, we hired a buggy and drove to the falls on Little River, and
thence to the State line, three miles from Caesar's Head. With bad
roads, fat horse and lazy driver, we made slow progress. In fact
we had almost as well have walked. The falls of Little River are among
the finest in Western North Carolina. There are three, the High, the
Bridal Veil, and the Triple or Buck Falls. The latter we were unable
to see. The High Falls are the prettiest. The Little is quite a large
stream, and the whole face of the broad, high cliff is covered with one
mass of white, foaming water. The Bridal Veil Falls are also fine,
not high, but stretching over some two hundred yards of unbroken rock,
rushing and roaring. There is but one single plunge, that about fifteen
feet high, over projecting rock. Under this we went, and quite a sin-
gular sensation it was to see a great wall of water pouring above and
over you.

At Bishop's, near the line, we got dinner and had washing
done, afterwards proceeding under the lead of a bright little kid to
Caesar's Head. Caesar's Head is an immense cliff fifteen hundred feet
high, named from a fancied resemblance to the profile of Julius Caesar,
The mountains appear here to break short off, for a stretch of coun-
try, apparently almost level, and yet little cultivated, extends as far as
3

72

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the eye can reach. On a clear day the view is magnificent in
the extreme, but when we were there, though the sun shone angrily,
the air was misty, and everything was dimmed by a murky blue haze.
Even thus, however, the sight was one to impress a man forever. The
rocks of the Head are much marred by the names, scrawled in great
glaring letters, of John Smith, Tom Jones and Bill Brown et a/., insane
idiots who think that posterity will care a straw, except with con-
tempt, about the fact that they had visited the place. Forthis sickening
practice there can be no excuse whatever.

After inspecting the Devil's Dining Room, a cleft in the rock where
on the hottest day a cold breeze always blows, and going through part
of the great crack, six or eight feet wide and very deep and long, in
the shape of a right angle, we walked down to the hotel, a large, ugly,
three-story building, and thence back to Bishop's. On the way, we
made a detour to see Raven's Cliff, or Saluda Falls, very beautiful,
though not so grand as either the falls of the Catawba or the Little.
From Bishop's we went on four miles to McGaha's, on the road to
Brevard.

Paying a quarter each for our breakfast, supper and lodging, we pro-
ceeded to Charlie Henderson's, twenty-three miles on the way to
Whiteside. We went to the south of Brevard some three miles, see-
ing near the road Conestee Falls, and passing a large force of hands at
work on a railroad from Greenville through Brevard to Waynesville,
and thence to Knoxville. Bryant's, ten miles west of Brevard, fur-
nished a very good dinner station. The afternoon walk to Henderson's,
eight miles, was delightful. The road was excellent and very cool and
shady, climbing right over the Blue Ridge. For six miles we saw no
inhabited house. Henderson's is a very good place for hunting and
fishing. It is directly on top of the ridge and commands many excellent
trout streams. Deer, turkeys, partridges and pheasants are abundant.
Soon, however, the place will be spoiled by the railroad now being
built.

Early next morning we went fishing for trout in Indian Creek with
bait. Hurrah! hurrah! at last I caught two mountain trout! Son
and young Waitt Henderson, our pilot, were more successful. We
left Henderson's at eleven and proceeded to Wash Zachary's, twenty
miles. The road lay through dense forest. For twelve miles there
were only two inhabited houses. As we were going on, a man caught

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 71

up with us who had his beard plaited. We thought his face vicious
and fought shy of him. As he took short cuts and we followed the
road, we were separate for some time. At last we came together again
and this time got on very peaceably. Our highwayman turned out to
be a preacher named Scales, who said he was a relative of the Gov-
ernor. He unplaited his beard and was very kind to us, showing us
the Georgetown gold mine, where several men were at work.

When we reached Zachary's we were much tired, our great uncer-
taintv as to the correctness of the road having produced a marked
effect on our physical nature. Zachary is quite an intelligent man,
well off and very agreeable. On Thursday we set out early, under
Zachary's leadership, for Whiteside. He regaled us with marvellous
bear stories, and dissertations on politics, and an account of his war
experience. He showed us various flowers and plants of great interest,
among them sweet fern, which, he says, is a sure cure for rattlesnake
bite, eaten raw, or, preferably, boiled in milk. We went first to the
Devil's Court-house, on the northwest side of the mountain. This is
a steep cliff of over a thousand feet in height. The lookout is grand ;
but to-day the air was so hazy we could scarcely see anything. We
next went up to the top of the mountain, and stood upon the edge of
the highest cliff in eastern America, for Whiteside, on the south, is a
sheer descent of over eighteen hundred feet. The face has several
large white patches on it, hence the name Whiteside. The mountain
itself is grand, the finest in North Carolina south of Pisgah. The im-
pression it produces upon one is peculiar to itself. The great cliff
formed by one touch of the finger of God, makes one feel the lit-
tleness of man as nothing else in all the mountains. It seems a prof-
anation, at a place of such sublimity, to laugh and talk. We seem to
stand almost in the Almighty presence itself.

The view from Whiteside excels that from Caesar's Head. The
prospect is unlimited over South Carolina, Georgia and Southwestern
North Carolina. Zachary carefully pointed out the different moun-
tains to us, but then spoiled it all by admitting us into one of his trade
secrets. He remarked very drily that it made very little difference
what name he gave to a mountain ; none of the tourists knew any bet-
ter, and he certainly didn't care. I suppose this is the case every-
where. The guileful mountaineers stuff the innocent travellers without
mercy.

74 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

We wanted to see Whiteside from the foot of the precipice, but how to
get there was the question. Zachary showed us very carefully a way
down the face of the cliff, and we determined to follow it. Zachary
went home and we commenced the descent. There was really no dan-
ger of falling off and being dashed to pieces, but there was absolutely
no path, and how we escaped breaking a leg or an arm and being bit-
ten by rattlesnakes has always been strange. Of course we got lost,
but only for an hour or so. We eventually found a trail and followed
it blindly, knowing it must lead somewhere. It did ; but when at last
we found a house it was several miles from wherewe intended to come
out. At first we were much confused, but finally got on the right
road to Highlands, which we reached utterly worn out after the worst,
most anxious day which we spent.

Highlands is a new town of about three hundred inhabitants, almost
all Yankees, about seven miles southwest of Whiteside. It was founded
by a Minnesota man named Kelsey, who became almost a monomaniac
on the subject. The situation is very pretty, on top of the mountains
3,817 feet above the sea; but as the country around is very poor, the
place will never be much more than a summer resort. Walhalla is the
nearest railroad point.

Thus far the dreaded rattlesnake had been for us unseen, nor did
we meet one except on Hawksbill Mountain, but there we saw three
immense fellows in two orthree hours. We had with us, however, some
"medicine," each of us carrying it alternately with our field-glass. This
field-glass we could very well have gotten on without ; but the one
thing which gave us more comfort than any other, was our Kerr's Map
of Western North Carolina. As to roads it is utterly worthless, and
very inaccurate in almost every other respect, but hardly two hours
at a time passed without our examining it. It was a sine qua non.

W. J. B.

biographical sketches. 75

Biographical Sketches

OF THE

CONFEDERATE DEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Edited by Stephen B. Weeks.

Henderson, Leonard Alexander, Salisbury, N. C, b. Nov. 14,
1841, eldest son of Archibald and Mary Steele, d. June I, 1864. Ma-
triculated 1859. Unmarried. On the maternal line he descended from
Gen'l John Steele, Comptroller General during the administration of
Gen'l Washington, and his intimate friend and confidential adviser.
He was also the descendant of Mrs. Elizabeth Steele, that pious and
patriotic lady, so beautifully and touchingly connected with the his-
tory of North Carolina by the manner in which she relieved General
Greene, who, fleeing before Cornwallis, had come to her house weary,
hungry, alone, and moneyless. On the paternal side, he traces through
those of his name whose lives have formed a part of the history of
North Carolina from its earliest Colonial existence. When the war
began, he was an academic student at the University of Virginia.
Without consultation with, or even the knowledge of his parents, he
volunteered on the 14th of April, 1861, and went with the company of
students to Harper's Ferry. When the company of students returned
to the University and disbanded, he, without returning home, repaired
immediately to Fort Johnson, below Wilmington, where he again vol-
unteered as a private, and worked in the trenches six weeks. From
this point he wrote to his father, asking him to make no request for
an appointment for him by the Governor, stating that "he did not
leave the University to get office, but to defend the Old North State."
But Governor Ellis had already appointed him 2d Lieut., the notifica-
tion having failed to reach him because of misdirection. His first
appearance on a field of battle was at Roanoke Island, where he was
in command of his company. Here, when the men were requested to
lie down, he alone kept his position, standing or moving back and
for thin front of the line, while the air was filled with missiles of
death. He was taken prisoner, with the entire garrison, and shortly
after returned home on parole. Upon his exchange, he was made

j6 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Captain of his company, and the regiment was attached to General
Clingman's brigade, whose fortunes he followed without any special
incident or opportunity of distinction until the storming of Plymouth,
where he was again conspicuous for coolness and intrepidity. Said a
writer in the Raleigh Confederate, June 17th, 1864, " In the charges at
Plymouth he was one of the three officers of the regiment who led
their companies." He came out of the battle unscathed, "under the
protection of a Divine Providence," as he himself expressed it, though
his clothing was riddled by balls. When Hoke's division, to which
Clingman's brigade belonged, was ordered to Virginia in the spring of
1864 for the protection of Petersburg, he participated in the battles
about Drury's Bluff and between Petersburg and Richmond. In one
of these he was painfully wounded in the thigh, but he refused to be
relieved from duty, and the next day appeared at the head of his men.
During the engagement of the 20th May, he was in command of the
skirmishers of one regiment, fifty in number; the whole skirmish line
was ordered to advance, but through some mistake he alone received
the order. Without hesitation he ordered forward his men, and with-
out any support he led them to the charge of the enemy's rifle pits,
under a heavy fire from the front and both flanks, gained his position,
and held it until the regiment came to his support. His love for his
men was as enthusiastic as theirs for him. Being told by his Colonel
on one occasion at Charleston, when about to go on some important
service, to " leave the least reliable man to take care of the camp," he
replied promptly, " I have not an unreliable man in my company."
His next appearance, and his last on the field of battle, was at second
Cold Harbor, June 1st, 1864. On the evening of that day General
Meade having arrived, gave orders for an immediate attack upon our
forces in order to secure the heights around New Cold Harbor and
Gaines' mill. At 4 o'clock, Wright and Smith made the attack, and
succeeded in carrying the first line of rifle pits, but were soon driven
from them. They had" been repulsed three times with hardly any loss
on our side and, as an officer of the 8th North Carolina wrote, "all
were jubilant of victory, when the brigade on our side gave way, allow-
ing the enemy to get on our flank and rear." The Colonel was, at the
time, supposed to have been killed ; and Capt. Henderson was called
on by the officers to lead the regiment. Casting aside his sword, he
took up a musket and led the command to the charge. Just as the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 77

enemy were forced back, he fell pierced by a musket shot and was
borne bleeding from the field. He lived about two hours, and died
quietly, a Di.

HUSTED, DELANO WHITING, was born near Dudley, in the county
of Wayne, N. C, at a place known as " Pleasant Green," which had
been the country seat of his maternal great-grandfather, the gallant
Col. Ezekiel Slocumb of Revolutionary memory, on the 5th day of
August, 1833. "Pleasant Green," it will be remembered, was for
some time before the battle of Moore's Creek, the headquarters of the
notorious British Commander, Col. Tarleton, and it was there that the
wife of Col. Slocumb showed much courage and wit in defending her
absent husband from the slurs of Col. Tarleton and his staff ; and it was
from that place that she made the long night-ride, in storm and dark-
ness, on a fleet horse, to inform the Patriot forces of the approach of
the enemy, an act that rendered her famous as one of the heroic
women of the Revolution. So the subject of this sketch came hon-
estly by the courage and daring that marked his course in the war
between the States. His mother's maiden name was Harriet A. Slo-
cumb; and his father's, Major Hiram W. Husted, who was born
in New York, graduated at Yale College, moved to North Carolina and
was married about 1830. Major Husted lived and practised law in
Smithfield, N. C, from a short time after the birth of Delano until the
latter was about twelve years old, when he removed to Raleigh, where
he continued to live until his death, about the year 1869. He was a
gentleman of literary attainments and considerable humor, and being
an ardent "Henry Clay Whig" in the political campaign of 1844, he
edited a paper called The Clarion, which by its witty criticisms of the
adversary leaders gained him some eclat and did his party much ser-
vice. His wife survived him several years and died in the odor of
sanctity, a devout member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. They
had several children, but Delano alone survived early infancy, and he
had the advantages and disadvantages incident to being an only child
of devoted parents. He was prepared for college at the Raleigh Male
Academy, by the late J. M. Lovejoy, along with Col. Ivey F. Lewis,
who recently died in Alabama, Capt. R. B. Saunders, now of Dur-
ham, Col. W. L. Saunders, and Capt. J. G. B. Grimes of Raleigh ; and
with them entered the Freshman class at the University of North

78 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Carolina in 1850. He graduated in 1854 in a class of sixty members.
At Chapel Hill, Delano Husted was not a close student of his text-
books, but he spent much time in general reading, and early acquired
an easy style in essay and letter writing, of which he was always fond.
He was remarkably light-hearted, cheerful and generous in his inter-
course with his college mates, and he was so friendly and pleasant with
his preceptors in and out of the class-room that he disarmed their criti-
cism when he had been careless in the preparation of lessons. He was
handsome in face and figure ; fond of society, and was a most welcome
guest at the houses of the good people of the village ; so that on his
graduation he left no enemy, but many friends behind him, and all
his associates parted from him with sincere regret. Returning home
to Raleigh, he spent some months reading law in his father's office
and with Hon. D. G. Fowle, and in writing an occasional article for
the newspapers, but the distractions to one of his disposition, with
idle friends about him in Raleigh, were such that he concluded to
remove to Gainesville, Alabama. There he prepared himself for his
life work in the office of Judge Turner Reavis, formerly of this State,
who, when a young man, had experienced some kindness from Delano's
father, and cordially invited him to make his home and study law
with him.

He was admitted to practise in the courts of Alabama about the
year 1858. and prosecuted the profession as a partner of Judge Reavis
until the spring of 1861, when, like most of the Southern youth, he
volunteered to resist the coercion of the seceded States and went to
the front. Afterwards he was elected First Lieutenant of Captain
Vandergriff's company in the 5th Alabama Battalion. He fought
gallantly in the first battle of Manassas in July, 1861, and was in the
campaign about Yorktown and on the Peninsula in the spring of 1S62.
He returned to his old home in Raleigh on sick-leave in April, 1862,
and saw his fond parents for the last time. Returning to his com-
mand as soon as his health was sufficiently restored, he took part in
the battle of Mechanicsville June 26th, and was killed next day in the
battle of Gaines' Mill. In the heat of the battle, his Brigade Com-
mander, General Archer, called for volunteers to silence a battery
which, by well directed aim, was greatly annoying his troops. Delano
Husted volunteered to lead the band and was instantly killed in a
charge upon the battery. A faithful servant, whom he had taken with

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 79

him from Raleigh, exhibited great pluck and energy, as well as devo-
tion to his young master and friend, by securing the body and
bringing it to Raleigh with the least possible delay. He was buried
in the old City Cemetery in that place, the burial service of the Epis-
copal Church being read over his remains by his old pastor, the late
Rev. R.S. Mason, D. D., and followed to the grave by many friends
and by his grief-stricken parents. All their earthly hopes were buried
with their handsome, gallant son. A Di.

8o

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

E

DITOR S

D

ESK.

A Letter from President Battle.

To the Readers of the Magazine : The
Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies have
kindly given the Univeisity such of their
pamphlets as they can spare. I have col-
lected others belonging to the University.
I will take pleasure in forwarding any or all
of those named in the following li>t, until
exhausted, provided you will send me the
postage, viz.: two cents for the Mitchell,
and one cent for each of the other pamphlets.

" Memoir of Elisha Mitchell," with por-
trait ; " Fifty Years Since," by William
Hooper ; " Memoir of W. II. Battle, '" with
portrait. Addresses by Jas. H. Dickson, M.
W. Ransom, Wm. Gaston, E. J. Mallett
Augustus Van Wyck, with portrait, John
Pool, James Grant, Jas. C. Dobbin, A. V.
Brown, J. A. Engelhard, W. H. Battle,
Thos. C. Manning, John Manning, K. P.
Battle, Bishop Atkinson (before the Histori-
cal Society).

Sermons by Rev. Dr. Basil Manly, Jr., and
Rev. Dr. C. H. Hall.

Report by President Battle, (1887).

N. C. U. Magazine, Vol. X, No. 8 :
Sketch of Hugh L. White, wiih portrait.

N. C. U. Magazine, Vol. X, No. 7:
Sketch of Whit. Hill ; portrait of Rev. Dr_
Deems.

N. C. U. Magazine, Vol. X, No. 2;
Dr. C. L. Hunter's Review of " Woody
Plants"; portrait of Joel Lane.

Dialectic Catalogue, (1852).

Philanthropic Catalogue, (1S52).

University Catalogues for iS3S-'g, i85i-'2,
i852-'3, 1854— '5, i859-'6o, i86o-'i, i862-'3,
1866-7, 1867-8, 1869-70, 1S75-6, 1876-7,
1877-8, 1878-9 18S2-3, 1883-4, 1884-5,
1885-6, i886-'7, i387-'8.

Normal School Catalogues, 1877, 1S78,
1879, 1880. Very respectfully,

Kim i' P. BATTLE, President.

Chapel Hill, N. C.

The Dialectic Catalogue. — We wish to
call special attention to the effort now being
made to publish a Catalogue of the members
of ihe Dialectic Society. A preliminary edi-
tion has been published, and many copies
sent out, but as yet very few collections and
additions have bc;en received. The editors
of the Catalogue are doing their best, but
unless our Alumni and friends lend us their
help, the whole must be a failure. We
earnestly beg every member of the Society
and every fiiend into whose hands one of
these preliminary copies may fall, to examine
it carefully and send us corrections, even if
they relate to but one name. Do not wait
for any body else to do it, for rest assured
that unless you personally intere-t yourself
in the matter, nobody else will. Either Mr.
E. M. Armfield, High Point, N. C, or Mr.
W. J. Battle, Chapel Hill, N. C, will send
copies to any who may desire them for pur-
poses of correction. Send the corrections to
either of these gentlemen.

Death of Mr. W. J. Yates. — We were
pained to learn of the death from apoplexy
of Mr. W. J. Yates, editor of the Charlotte
Democrat, on October 25th. Mr. Yates was
always a staunch friend of the University.
He held it his duty to attend the meetings of
the Board of Trus:ees, and his face was often
seen at our annual commencements. His
sound counsels and constant interest will be
greatly missed. We gather the following
facts of his life from the State papers. Born
in Fayetteville in iS27, at an early age he
entered the printing office of the North Ciro-
linian, which, by industry and frugality, he
was soon enabled to purchase. Selling this
after a time, he bought the Charlotte Demo-
crat in 1S56. A good editor, he loved his
profession, and continued in active service
up to his death. A loyal North Carolinian,
he invested his money entirely in the State,
having no use for outside enterprises. Very

EDITOR'S DESK.

pronounced in his opinions, and of strong
will, he wielded an influence in the councils
of which he was a member. Liberal, simple
in his tastes, plain in his habits, intolerant of
display, he was a good citizen, a valued edi-
tor, a sincere Christian, whose loss will be
greatly felt.

A Suggestion to the Class of '89. — In

the University Records of the year 1804, of
the dale June 25th, is found the following:

" It is worthy to be mentioned that all the
members of the Senior Class, at the time of
receiving the degrees, were dressed in uniform
sui s of neat, plain homespun cloth, and it is
to be hoped that this example of patriotism
and economy will be imitated on every simi-
lar occasion that may occur hereafter."

We recommend that the class of '89, in-
stead of adopting the conventional Prince
Albert, signalize the recent triumph of pro-
tection by a return to home manufactures.
The commencement speakers, by robing
themselves in homespun and thus outwitting
the Northern manufacturers of woolen goods,
would show great patriotism, and at least,
we are sure, attract gi eat attention.

Class Pamphlet of '88. — We are very
glad to see on our table the " Proceedings of
the class of '88," University of North Caro-
lina, edited by Eugene M. Armfield. This
pamphlet contains the exercises of Class Day,
April 24th, last. The p< em shows ability,
the prophecies are amusing, the history is in-
teresting, and the oration and President's
speech are both good. The song by Mrs.
Spencer, published also in the Magazine for
May, is really beautiful. It is certainly a
commendable thing thus to publish memo-
rials of a graduating class. Such a thing will
serve as a constant reminder of days that are
past, and call up the most delightful period
of a man's life. We hope other classes will
follow the excellent example set by 'S8.

A Reading-room Nuisance. — Our read-
ing-room has lately been turned into a smok-
ing-room. No doubt it never occurs to those
who puff their cigarettes in others' faces and

fill the room with a fog, that they are mak-
ing themselves disagreeable to a large num-
ber of non-smokers, or they surely would be
more considerate of others. The room being
open all day and free to all, visitors are re-
strained in general only by the unwiitten
rules of common decency and politeness. We
can compliment our students upon their good
behavior there in ever)' respect except in this
matter of smoking. This we attribute to
thoughtlessness, and trust that, being thus
requested to discontinue the nuisance, there
will be no further cause for complaint.

The Personal Editor. — The Personal
Editor of this Magazine saw fit in the last
issuetomakea vileattack upon ourreputation.
" We deny the allegation and defy the alle-
gator." The whole thing was a villainous
slander, which was caused by the wrath of
this abandoned wretch at our having acci-
dently broken a new pencil of his. Like the
elephant of India who, when he has once
been made angry, will calmly wait long an
opportunity for revenge, and then pounce
unexpectedly upon his victim, so this misera-
ble fellow, cherishing under his peaceful ex-
terior the nature of a wolf, bided his time,
and vented his spleen through the pages of
the Magazine, besides stealing from us, to-
make up his loss, abetter pencil than the one
we had broken.

And notice the characteristic way in which
he revenges himself. Despairing of finding true
charges against us, he resorts to the most
transparent falsehoods. But enough. We;
are told that there is an Ananias Society in
Boston; certainly it would find a m >st worthy
member in our highly esteemed fellow editor.

The University Libraries. — When the
libraries of the Dialectic and Philanthropic
Societies were moved into the University
library building, the Faculty covenanted,
among other things, to afford space for the
books of the two libraries. When the re-
moval took place, several of the shelves were
full to overflowing. The difficulty was then
solved by many of the old, useless University

82

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

books being taken out, to stay out till room
was found for them. Moreover, not all the
Society books by a good many were moved
down. Since that time several years have
passed, and not a single shelf has been added
to the library. Books have been purchased
by the hundred, and are being bought every
year. But there is no place for them to oc-
cupy. The result is that the old books are
displaced to make way for the new ones.
Whole shelves of Dialectic books have given
place to University books; and vice versa, in

consequence of the action of the University
book authorities, the Dialectic book commit-
tees have taken great pleasure in shoving
dozens of old University books into drawers
to find room for their own. This is a great
evil, but it cannot in the present condition
of things be avoided. As long as the Faculty
fail to put in new alcoves, so long will books
on all sides be taken off in honor of more
modern ones. We ask you, gentlemen of the
Trustees and Faculty, to remedy this evil.
The expense cannot be very great.

The College World.

— This is the centennial year of the Univer-
sity of North Carolina.

— The first female college in the world was
built in Georgia. — Ex.

— Princeton paid $3,260 for foot ball last
season. Her gate receipts were $3, 312. — Ex.

— President-elect Harrison is a graduate
of Miami University and a member of Phi
Delta Theta.

— There is an advance of five per cent, in
college attendance in the United States this
year over last. — Ex.

— Gifts to Princeton College amounting to
$80,000 were announced November 9th.
The donor of $50,000 of this sum author-
ized its use for the building of a dormitory,
or for any other purpose which President
Patton should deem best.

— We hear that Trinity College, in this
State, has abolished its preparatory depart-
ment. If this means that only those who
are really piepared for the Freshman class
are to be admitted, it is an excellent sign.
Our colleges ought to have enough to do in
their own lines, without competing with the
preparatory schools.

— Prof. Ptabody, of Harvard, says that
the general tone of the college has been im-
proved by the growth of athletics.— Ex.

— At Oxford, England, there are twelve
American students in attendance ; at the
University of Berlin, 600 ; at Leipsic, over
200. — Ex.

— The following American colleges have
more than 1,000 students : Harvard 1,690 ;
Columbia, 1,487 ; University of Michigan,
1 .475 ; Oberlin, 1,487; Yale, 1,245; North-
western, 1,100 ; University of Pensylvania,
1,069. — •£•*"•

—The present tendency seems to be to
have less of lecturing, and more of teciting.
Monier Williams, an eminent professor at
Oxford, urges a return to the usage of for-
mer days, when " nearly every lecture was a
kind of viva-voce examination."

— It is not commonly known that, while
American students have fifteen or sixteen
hours of recitations or lectures each week,
students in the German Gymnasia, doing the
same kind of work as our collegians, have
thirty; and those in the Keal-schools have
thirty-two, partly to make up for fewer hours
in ancient languages.

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

&3

— The first college astronomical observa-
tory in America was erected at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina in 1832.

— Two students of the Southern Univer-
sity at Greensboro, Alabama, living in Mis-
sissippi, and being shut off by the quarantine,
resolved to return to college any way. " So
setting out from their home on foot, they
reached Greensboro and entered College on
the seventh day of their journey, having
traveled 192 miles." — Southern University
Monthly.

Doubtless fear of yellow fever, rather than
a devotion to education, prompted such a feat
of pedestrianism.

— A Yale graduate who was a student
about thirty years ago said, in speaking of
the changes that had taken place since his
time : " I never knew whether to attach any
significance to it or'not, but when I was there,
the law school adjoined the jail, the medical
school was next to the cemetery, and the di-
vinity school was on the road to the poor-
house. — Hat t ford Post.

— William and Mary College, the Alma
Mater of Presidents Jefferson, Monroe and
Tyler and Chief Justice Marshall, has been
reopened this fall after a long term of inac-
tivity. The war crippled this institution
very seriously. It is the oldest college in
Virginia. — Ex.

It is the second oldest in the United States,
the date of its charter being 1693, making it
fifty-seven years younger than Harvard. It
is reopened as a normal college, we hear.

— Dartmouth has the credit of publishing
the first college publication, Yale second,
and Union third. — Ex.

— " In 1800 the Dartmouth students issued
a paper called The Gazette, which is chiefly
memorable as containing in 1802-3, numerous
articles by Daniel Webster, then a graduate
of one year's standing. They were signed
' Icarus.' " American Colleges, by C. F.
Thwing.

This Magazine is no longer in existence.
The oldest college periodical now being pub-
lished is The Yale Literary Magazine,
founded in 1839. Senator Evarts was one of
its founders.

— At a recent meeting of college and prepar-
atory teachers in Boston, the following were
suggested as reasons why the numbers of stu-
dents in New England colleges fail to keep
pace with the growth of the population: for-
eign immigration; improvement in the public
and secondary schools, many people being sat-
isfied with the education received at these ;
the tendency of colleges to advance their
standards, now far higher than they were
thirty-odd years ago; parents from the South
who could then have sent their sons to col-
lege are now too poor. If the numbers fall
off in the great centers of wealth, popula-
tion and education, we should expect a much
greater decrease in our own State. Yet such
is not the case at the University, which has-
to-day more North Carolina students than at
the period under comparison and not only that,
but a larger number of collegiate students
than any Southern institution, with one pos-
sible exception.

— California must be the center of the as-
tronomical world. The Southern California
University proposes to erect a telescope on
Wilson's Peak to cost $100,000 ;" its lens to
be forty-two inches. It is claimed that it
will make the surface of the moon as visible
as if it were only sixty miles away. It will
require five years to make the glass. Again :
The Stanford University of California has
ordered a lens for their new telescope which
is to be forty inches in diameter. This will
be six inches wider than the- famous Lick
telescope. — Ex.

But The Occident, published at the Uni-
versity of California, commenting upon the
above says :

' ' The old story of the large telescope that
is going to be built for the Stanford Univer-
sity is going the rounds of the college press.
Although we live quite near the Stanford
University, we have not yet heard of the tel-
escope. We think that the thirty-six inch
lens of the Lick telescope of the astronomi-
cal department of the University of Califor-
nia is still the largest in existence, and that
it probably will remain so for many years to
come."

8 4

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

— One of the professors at Syracuse Uni-
versity called for a vote of his class on the tariff
question, and every lady in the class declared
that she was in favor of protection! — Ex.

The result of the recent national election
is explained.

— Ann Arbor, Michigan, claims the honor
of originating the "-He's all right " yell. It
has been known for many years among col-
lege men, though before Inst spring it had
failed to attract a wider share of attention-
When the delegates from the University of
Michigan branch of the Michigan Club went
down to the Republican banquet at Detroit
in February, they edified the gathering by
the question : " What's the matter with the
U. of M.?" Which elicited the equally
threadbare response : " She's all right !'
The cry was taken to the National Conven-
tion at Chicago by the Michigan delegation,
who applied it to Ceneral Alger, and since
that time it has enjoyed a national reputa-
tion. — Herald.

— Much of the prejudice against inter-
collegiate contests is due to the fact that
they are said to be detrimental to good
scholarship. In order to discover the real
state of the case at Cornell University, a
thorough examination was recently made in
that instiiul on of the records of the men
who engaged in inter-collegiate sports since
the opening of the college. The result
showed that the average scholarship for the
year of each .man who rowed on the crews
was 70 per cent., that of the base-ball play-
ers 73 per cent., and that of the track ath-
letes 76 per cent., a standard of 70 percent,
being necessary to graduate. Fifty-four per
cent, of all thtse men graduated, which is 7
per cent, above the University per cent, of
graduat on. These results would seem to
show that inter-collegiate contests, when kept
within reasonable limits, do not interfere
with the general scholarship of educational
institutions. — Ex.

— " Yes," said a man recently whose hairs
have whitened since he left the doors of Ids
Alma Mater on commencement day, " the

boys used to vote in college towns, and thry
do in some of them yet, although the decis-
ions of the State Courts are against it, and
we used to have to pay taxes.

" The good people down on the banks of
the Raritan once decided that Rutgers' men
should pay a heavy poll tax. The boys held
a meeting, and resolved to vote at the coming
town election, if the officers insisted on the
the collection of the tax. Things took that
course, the beys put a ticket in the field, and
they elected it from alpha to omega. The
town council chamber was converted into a
club-room, and a council meeting was held
nightly. The town was bonded for $50,000
in order to build a walk from the colli ge to
the post-office, which still is a model of the
mason's art, being of polished granite."

" The students had no troub'e after that,
and some p- ople in New Brunswick to-day
will tell you it was the be>t thing that eyer
occurred for the welfare of the village. —
Cornell Daily Sun.

North Carolina Colleges and Schools.

The University Magazine wishes to
give more piominence in its columns to edu-
cational affaits in. North Carolina, and aca-
demic news of our own State. So aceittin
portion of The Magazine will hereafter be
devoted to items of general interest concern*
ing he colleges and principal preparatory
schools of North Carolina. We invite ihe
Faculties and students of these institutions :o
send us any news items relating to this depart-
ment.

"From every section of North Carolina
comes the tidings that the schools a e all full
of pupils, and it is estimated that there are
at least 2,000 more boys and girls in the
schools of our State this fall than ever be-
fore." — A'. C. Teacher for November.

Major Hingham has added a new featute
to his school this fall, artillery drill'.

The Davis Cadets attended the Richmond
Exposition in November, and were reviewed

in Governor Lee.

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

85

The chief preparatory schools of the State
are represented at the University as follows:
Bingham School, i3; Horner School, 13;
Raleigh Mile Academy. 11; Tarboro Male
Academy, 7; Davis School, 6; Oak Ridge
Institute, 2; Shelby High School, 2.

"A branch Y. M. C. A. has been organized,
and nearly all the students hive connected
themselves with it." — Wake Forest Student.

Now all the colleges in 'he State have As-
sociations. Trinity has one, established last
April.

The Friends' School at New Garden has
been improved, and opened this Fall under
the name of " Guilford College." The
stand.! rd of scholarship has been raised.
The number of pupils is 145, the largest in
the history of the institution. There are 56
in the collegiate department. It is a college
for both sexes, and they are about equally
divided in number. President Hobbs writes:
" We offer the same courses of study to both
sexes, and we find as much intellectual ca-
pacity in girls as in boys."

Foot-ball Association. — On Novem-
ber 29th, representatives of the Uuiver-
sity, Trinity and Wake Forest met in
Raleigh, and organized a " Norh Carolina
Inter-collegiate P'oot Ba 1 Association." The
following officers were elect -d : Piesi-
dent, J. F. Jones, of Trinity; Secretary, W.
C. Dowd, of Wake Forest; Treasurer, S. C.
Bragaw, of the University. The Constitu-
tion adopted is modeled after that of the
American Inter-collegiate Association. A
series of championship games will be ar-
ranged for next term.

It was for organizing this Associa-
tion that a correspondent of the News
and Observer from Chapel Hill claimed the
credit for the University, and a student at
Trinity wrote to that p iper denying it; labor-
ing, it seems, under a misunderstanding.
Trinity was the first college in the State to
organize a foot-ball team, for when their
challenge was received here to play on
Thanksgiving Day we had no team to play

them. But as to the Intei'-collegiate Associa-
tion, it had its birth here, and its successful
organization is due to two students of the
University.

A game of foot-ball was played at Raleigh
during Fair week between the Wake Forest
team and the University Soph. Class team,
under a set of improvised rules. The score
was two goals to one in favor of Wake Forest.

The Wake Forest Student says of the
game, (the Italics are our own):

" The fir^t game resulted in favor of the
Chapel HilL team, owing to the fact that our
boys played under two new rules and had the
disadvantage in position of their goal. The
next game our boys went at it with a vim,
caught on to their opponents' dodges, and won
the game in short time. The third game was
simply a repetition of the second."

No one objects to The Student's exulting
over the victory (?), if it can find anything in
it to exult over, but it should be fairer to-
wards its opponents. There were many more
rules which were strange to the University
than to the Wake Forest team. It was by
these rules, very unfair and peculiar, that
Wake Forest got the credit of a victory, and
not because ihey were at a disadvantage in
regard to their goal, or " caught on to their
opponents' dodges." In that game the Uni-
versity boys were better organized, and
pbiyed better in tunning, dodging, kicking
and tackling than the Wake Forest, as was
acknowledged by all third parties ; and we
do not believe there is a man on the Wake
Forest team who thinks that their men are
better players than the University team.

The first scientific game of foot-ball ever
played in this State was at Raleigh last
Thanksgiving Day, between Trinity and the
University. The rules were those of the
American, Inter-collegiate Association. The
players were :

Trinity — Rushers: Johnston (Captain),
Durham, R. , Crowell, Fearrington, Nichol-
son, Crawford and Mitchell ; Quarter-bach,
Durham, S.; Half-backs : Rahders and Dan-
iels ; Full-back, Sharpe.

University — Rushers: Bragaw (Cap-
tain), Little, Wharton, Shaffner, Blount, S.,

86

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Dalrymple and Headen ; Quarter-back,
Campbell ; Half-backs: Graham, G., and
Gilliam ; Full-back, Love.

Referee, H. B. Shaw, of the University ;
Umpire, Frank Jones, of Trinity College.

In the first part of the game, Headen
wrenched his knee so as to disqualify him,
and Howell, L., was substituted.

It was seen in the beginning that Trinity
was sure to beat. It was thirty minutes,
however, before they made their first touch-
down by Durham, S. The next was made
by Daniels. They secured goals from both
these touch-downs. The third and last
touch-down was made by Crowell, but they
missed the goal. Graham narrowly missed
the goal by a field kick, and came within five
yards of making a touch-down. Both he and
Little made some fine runs, but the final
score remained 16 to o.

Our men have taken the defeat philosoph-
ically and good naturedly, as they should.
They will endeavor to profit by the lessons
taught by this game. The only excuse our
men can give is that Trinity's was a better
team. Let us see why they beat : In the first
place, they were better organized, had prac-
tised systematically, and worked together
better. They were more familiar with the

tricks of the game. Their half-backs, Rah-
ders and Daniels, were the fastest runners in
the game. They perhaps did better block-
ing than the University team. Our men
tackled better, and had as good or better
wind. They improved much during the
game. Their playing was decidedly better
during the second than during the first half,
and they kept the ball in Trinity's territory
most of the time then. Let our team, then,
be stimulated to more systematic practice and
cooperation in play. They have been intrust,
ing the success of a game too much to one
man.

There is no occasion for despondency. In
the first game between Harvard and Yale,
Yale was beaten all over the field. That was
the last time, and Yale has suffered only one
defeat since, in seven years. Let us hope
this game is a good omen for us.

The best all-round player in the game was
Geo. Graham ; though from what the Trin-
ity fellows say, their Captain Johnston is
probably nearly as good. We have never
seen better runners than their half-backs.
Their goal keeper, Sharpe, did good service
on several occasions. Of our men, Graham,
Bragaw and Little deserve credit for their
tackling. Both clubs had good captains.

Clippings.

Concerning a Modest Maid.

She seems to blush, when, in the dance

I touch her fingertips;
Her voice so modest, — she so shy —

I long to touch her lips !

'Tis o'er: — I to the garden slip;

There, seated near a tree,
I muse what angels women are,

'Mongst sinners such as we.

It seems — but, from the arbor comes

A tone I surely know ?
It is that selfsame modest voice :

" Don't, Jack, you tickle so ! "

— Record.

It Was Not Meet.

We were riding one day in the country,

My Helen and I all alone ;
And the silence was getting oppressive,

As our pokey old horse jogged on.
By way of breaking that silence,

" How few people we meet," I said;
Then I knew that she had an idea,

For her face grew terribly red ;
And I nestled a little bit nearer,

And I listened as hard as I could.
While she said with copious blushes,

"Do you think it is meet that we should ?'
— The Yale Record.

CLIPPINGS.

87

The Present Moment.

The present moment is our wealth in hand;

The past is dead, the future yet to come.
Within the glass of time each single sand,

Fallen, adds another to the total sum
Of minutes gone before. Oh, with what grand

Painstaking sageness thou shouldst direct
The fateful atoms as they downward run!

Their aggregate must make the final add
Of thy exploits, however bright or sad.

— The Owl.

Splinters.

Still life — among the moonshiners.
A dentist lives from hand to mouth.
"Are sulphur springs good places for match-
making?" They are.

The most powerful book in the world is
the pocket book (provided that it is well
filled). — Salem {JV. C.) Academy.

A Sophomore, stuffing for examination, has
developed the ethics of Sunday work in a way
to render the further elucidation of the sub-
ject unnecessary. He reasons that, if a mau
is justified for trying to help the ass from the
pit on the Sabbath day, much more would
the ass be justified in trying to get out him-
self. — Ex.

It will be the rule of The Teacher in
the future to use the title ' Professor ' in an
educational sense with names of men only
who occupy a regular chair of instruction
in the University or some other chartered
college. We adopt this rule as a matter of
compliment and justice to the entire brother-
hood of teachers to whom the title of ' Pro-
fessor ' has been so indiscriminately applied
that it means nothing, even to those teachers
who are entitled to that degree. — The N. C.
Teacher, for November.

We heartily commend this rule to all
papers and people generally.

To Somebody.

I've watched the glow, of sunset fade,

I've watched the shadows fall,
I've watched the play of light and shade

O'er earth and sky and all ;
And know that spirit twilight nears,

And night, to cover me;
Still, castles bright my fancy rears

Whene'er I think of thee.

The lives we dream in summer days

Are lives we ne'er can live,
For we would bask in milder rays

Than summer suns can give;
But though the faith of youthful years

No longer dwells in me,
Still, casiles bright my fancy rears

Whene'er I think of thee.

The flower that buds may live to bloom,

The fledgling live to sing,
A hope, a life may long illume,

And time fruition bring.
But well I know in earthly years

Some things may never be;
Still, castles bright my fancy rears

When'er I think of thee.

— The Varsity.

Stille Liebe — Silent Love.

From the German.
Truly loved! yet true love speaks not,
(Words dissolve its mystic spell,)
Holiest feeling silence breaks not,
Signs reveal emotion well.
Oft the silent tear can thrill us,
More than words, or music's tone,
And love's faintest sigh can fill us
With heart music all his own.

Warmly loved! my crown and blessing
Call I thee in faltering tone,
And the heart to thine now pressing
Is, dear love, all, all thine own.
Then forgive that still I break not
Silent love's o'erpowering spell;
Holiest feeling I can speak not,
Signs my deathless love must tell.

— Texas University.

Ballade of Compulsory Lectures.

The burden of attending when we must, —

The toil of getting up at half-past eight, —
The breakfast quickly gobbled, a mere crust -

O curses rest on such an adverse fate !

But I can get a snooze at any rate,
Or else from overwork I might expire,

Or I can gain a moment coming late ; —
This is the end of every man's desire.

88

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

The weariness to Passmen, and the bore —

And what a farce the whole affair must

seem;

Above all, when the lecture comes at four;

It rudely wakes him from his pleasant

dream.
He seeketh not occasion to redeem
The error of his ways. lie would admire

To get his name upon the foot-ball team: —
This is the end of every man's desire.
The woe of lectures to the honor man —
He's down the livelong day from nine to
five.
Snatching between whiles what fresh air he
can,
In the entrance hall. Thus he keeps alive. —
(Compare Macaulay's Essays — that on
dive.)
Still, in the race for glory who can tire ?

He after honors doth intently strive:—
This is the end of every man's desire.

l' envoi.
The burden, and the weariness, and woe —
I'm placed between Infeino and the fire.
I really twist get through in May, you know, —
This is the end of every man's desire.

— S. Lang, in the Varsity.

A Rebuff.

A rustic seat,

A cool retreat,

Down where a brooklet flows.

A maiden fair,

With pensive air.

Quite often to it goes.

I spy her there

And, in despair,

Thinking my fate quite sealed;

I venture on

Where she has gone.

To boldness she may yield.

Presume to kiss
The dainty miss?
At least it is no harm.
A haughty glance
Checks my advance,
And I remember that I have an ap-
pointment with a gentleman at the
hotel for this very moment.

— The Dartmouth.

— Doctor: " Did you take the rhubarb I
ordered?" Patient: "Yes, sir." Doctor:
" How did you take it?" Patient: "Inapie."

Book and Magazine Notices.

North Ca rolinians will be glad to know
that Capt. W. R. Bond, of Scotland Neck,
has written a monograph doing justice to
General Pettigrew at Gettysburg. It is pub-
lished by Hall & Sledge, Weldon, N. C., in
pamphlet form entitled: "Pickett OR Petti-
grew ? An Historical Essay, by Capt.
W. R. Pond. Sometime Officer Brigade
Staff Army Northern Virginia." Price 25
cents, with a liberal discount to the book
trade, and we hope every book and news
dealer will supply himself with it, and every
North Carolinian read it. We think it will
go far toward elucidating a disputed point in

history. Every one who knows anything of
Gettysburg lias heard of " Pickett's Charge."
History has given undue praise to Pickett
and has shamefully slighted the real heroes,
Pettigrew's Brigade of North Carolinians.

" The world at large gets its ideas of the
late war from Northern sources ; Northern
historians, when the subject is peculiarly
Southern, from such histories as Pollard's,
Cook's and McCabe's, and these merely re-
flected the opinions of the Richmond news-
papers. These newspapers in turn got their
supposed facts from their army correspon-
dents, and they were very careful to have

BOOK AND MAGAZINE NOTICES.

89

only such correspondents as would virile
what their patrons cared most 10 lead."

The author quotes from a correspondent of
the Philadelphia Times, who was a Colonel
in Pickett's Biigade, showing that for 800
yards of that celebiated charge they marched
as safely as if on parade. He presents the
following statistics : The loss of the British
infantry at Salamanca was only 12 per cent.;
that of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, 37
per cent.; at Gettysburg, Pickett's loss was
26 or 28 per cent.; the North Carolina Brig-
ade of Pettigrew's division lost 60 per cent.
Of one of the regiments of this brigade he
writes :

"The 26th North Carolina, with morale
unimpaired, met with a loss of 85 per cent.,
(Senator Vance was its first Colonel.)
Whether any other regiment of our army
could have done this, I know not. But thi s
I know, that if there was such another in all
the armies, Northern or Southern, it did not"

The following shows what opinion General
Lee had of Pettigrew's Brigade, composed
of the nth, 26th, 47th, 52d and 44th North
Carolina :

" That this brigade had more killed and
wounded at Gettysburg than any brigade in
our army ever had in any battle, is not so
much to its ciedlt as is the fact that, alter
such appalling losses, it was one of the two
brigades selected for the rear guard when the
army recrossed the river."

Sketches of Prominent Living North
Carolinians, by Jerome Dowd. Edwards
& Broughton, Publishers, Raleigh, N. C.
i6mo. pp. 320.

This book consists of short b'iographical
notices of prominent men of this State, poli-
ticians, lawyers, editors, preachers, educa-
tors, manufacturers, merchants, farmers and
a few physicians and soldiers. The sketch of
Senator Vance contains a considerable portion
of his excellent speech of December, ] 886, be-
fore the G. A. R. Post in Boston ; that of
Capt. Robert P. Waring, a full account of
his unjust trial and conviction for "inciting
insurrection in 1865," as an example of car-
pet-bag rule in this Stale ; that of Mr. J. J.

Bruner, an interesting description of the old
Salisbury Watchman of fifty years ago, with
illustrations of old-timey advertisements.
There are 147 sketches in all.

Branson's North Carolina Almanac
for 1889 is out. Price 10 cents.

D. C. Heath &Co., have in press Freytag's
" Die Journalisten" edited with notes, in-
troduction, etc., by Prof. W. D. Toy, whose
accurate scholarship and good judgment make
certain the success of this edition.

Alfred Williams & Co. will soon pub-
lish a " Child's History of North Carolina,"
by Mrs. C. P. Spencer. Its appearance will
give pleasure to old and young, and not least
to the readers of this Magazine, who have
long been indebted to Mrs. Spencer for her
delightful contiibutions to ii ^ pages.

On Horseback in Virginia, etc., with
Mexican Notes, by Charles Dudley War-
ner. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. i6mo., pp.
331- *i.25.

This book is an account of a trip on horse-
back through the mountains of Virginia,
North Carolina and Tennessee, travels in
Mexico, and a eulogy of Southern California.
The Mexican Notes are the most instructive,
but the account of the ride through the moun-
tains will be more interesting to the majority
of readers. It gives the experiences of the
author and Prof. T. R. Lounsbury, author
of the History of the English Language, —
with which our Sophomores are acquainted, —
in the North Carolina mountains mainly, in
the summer of 1884. The book is charmingly
written in Mr. Warner's happiest style, with
a pleasant humor running through it, and
human nature revealed in every page. The
travellers ascended Mt. Mitchell, guided by
Big Tom Wilson, who is faithfully por-
trayed. The description of Dr. Mitchell's
death, burial and grave, though short, is
good. The monument to Dr. Mitchell on
the top of the mountain was erected after
this visit.

The Centennial of a Revolution.
G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. i6mo.
pp. 171.

9 o

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

This book is an argument against the doc-
trine of State sovereignty. The author claims
that September 17, 1887, is the centennial of
a peaceful '"revolution," when the sover-
eignty of the independent American States
was usurped by a higher power then created.
He holds that when the government was put
into operation by eleven States ratifying the
Constitution, "each and every State of the
thirteen," including North Carolina and
Rhode Island, " was subject to it." He as-
serts that our government has been going for
over one hundred years "under an alias;"
there is no sense in saying " United States.''
The argument is too long for us to attempt
to follow. It is safe to assume that the book
will not be relished by any Calhoun Demo-
crat.

Among the books recently added by the
Faculty to the University Library, is the
great French Dictionary of Litre.

It is on one of the tables belonging to the
"Phi "side of the Library. This valuable
work is in four large quarto volumes, con-
taining about 1000 pages each, and a supple-
ment, substantially and handsomely bound in
half-leather.

Prefixed to the first volume is a preface of

39 pages giving an accurate description of the
plan of the work. Then follows a " Com-
plement to the preface," which is a brief
general history of the French Language,
somtwhat resembling the scholarly " Brief
History of the English Language" which the
great Hadley prepared for Webster's Dic-
tionary.

The Dictionary is arranged as follows :
First, after each word is inserted an indica-
tion of the proper pronunciation. Next fol-
low the various significations of the word,
numbered and enforced by many examples.
Then comes a division called " Remarks,"
under which are placed peculiar or proverbial
uses of the word in question. After that is
added an historical paragraph, containing ex-
amples arranged in chronological order.
Finally, the etymology is given.

This Dictionary is invaluable to the ad-
vanced student of French. Of course it can-
not claim to *be an absolute and ultimate
authority on all points of French philology,
(no book can make such a claim), but it is in
general a perfectly safe guide and it contains
a mass of learning and information to be
found nowhere else.

The book is an ornament to our Library.

Personals.

Haywood Parker, '87, is teaching in the
Ravenscroft School at Asheville.

H. F. Murphy, Rep. of '87, is at Mt.
Vernon, Ga., engaged in selling naval stores.

W. T. Wiiitsitt, Rep. of '88, is teach-
ing in Gibsonville, in the place formerly held
by J. W. Graham, who is completing his
course here.

Dr. Wm. B. Phi i.t.i ps, '77, has become
a member of the firm of Phillips & Clag-
horn, Engineers, Chemists and Assayers,
Birmingham, Ala., and is having abundant
success in his new home.

" Coon " Little, '86, is in the computing
department of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey. L. J. Battle, also of '86, is in the
U. S. Geological Survey.

Motley says he is going to get President
Harrison to discharge Pickard and appoint
some one in his place who will bring a fel-
low some express occasionally.

A. Nixon, '81, who has held the office of
Sheriff of Lincoln county since 1SS3, was
reelected this time by a handsome majority.
He testifies his appreciation of THE MAGA-
ZINE by renewing his subscription.

PERSONALS.

9i

R. Grissom, '87, is taking a medical
course in Philadelphia.

W. S. Wilkinson, '87, has a school of his
own in Enfield. He is a popular teacher,
and is identifying himself with the work in
more ways than one.

Dr. Henry B. Nixon, of Perquimans,
who was here in '78, and who held a fellow-
ship in Johns Hopkins, has been recently
elected Professor of Mathematics in Gettys-
burg College, Pa.

Prof, of English: "Mr. M., who was
Goldsmith's father?" M. scratches his head
and " 'lows" that, to the best of his recol-
lection,, his name was Goldsmith. (Zero,
green lights, curtain.)

" Ajax" Harris, '84, who has had a law
office in Henderson since '86, was married on
the 7th of November last to Miss Lee Mitch-
ell, of Granville county. They will make
their home in Henderson.

The Sophs went down to the fair

To take the " B. B.'s" by the hair;

But the naughty " B. B.'s"

Said, "Don't, if you please,"

And knocked the whole scheme in the air.

'87. The State Chronicle says of Vernon
W. Long: " There is no man in the State
who would more efficiently perform the du-
ties of the position [Engrossing Clerk of the
House of Representatives], and no man
more deserving. His paper did excellent
work in the campaign, and he never flinches
when party service is required."

Did anybody ever see so many sportsmen ?
And did anybody ever see so little dead
game? Outside of this, there is very little
done among the students in the way of pe-
destiianism. To one who is willing to seek
it, there is an endless variety of natural beauty
to be found in a radius of two and a half
miles. There is, at a distance of four and a
half miles from the college, on New Hope
creek, near the Oxford road, a series of sand-
stone formations resembling caves. They are
of surprising extent and beauty, resembling
in some places the neighborhood of Watkins
Glen, in New York. We can testify that
any one will be amply repaid for atrip there.

We have to chronicle the death of a be-
loved and trusted alumnus and former mem-
ber of the Faculty of this institution. Dr. T.
W. Harris, of Durham, originally of Chatham
county. He entered college in 1855, and
was graduated with first distinction in the
large class of 1859. Soon after, he went to
Paris and pursued there the study of medi-
cine. He then became a captain in the Con-
federate army and served out his time. In
1878, he was made Professor of Anatomy and
Materia Medica in the University, which
position he resigned in 1886. He has been
for many years a successful medical prac-
titioner. A true man, and a noble and blame-
less life.

The tennis tournament, beween five frater-
nities, ending November 10th, resulted in a
victory for the Zeta Psi. The score was as
follows, (denoting the excess of serves won
over those lost by -+-, and excess of serves
lost over those won by — ): Zeta Psi, Toms
and Geo. Graham, -f- 14 ; Alpha Tau Omega,
Little and Miller, -+- I ; Phi Kappa Sigma,
Gaston Battle and Staton, — 1 ; Delta Kappa
Epsilon, Eure and Wood, — 6 ; '■ Sigma.
Alpha Epsilon, Curtis and Shaffner, — 8.

The class of '89 met Tuesday, November
13th, and organized with the following officers:

President. — Login D. Howell, Goldsboro,
N. C.

Secretary. — Herbert Clement, Mocksville,
N. C.

Orator. — D. J. Currie, Richmond county,
N. C.

Poet — Hunter L. Harris, Granville county,
N. C.

Historian. — Geo. S. Wills, Greensboro,
N. C.

Prophet.— U. R. Eure, Norfolk, Va.

Marshal. — L~>cy L. Little, Richmond
county, N. C.

Well, we were beaten, and beaten fairly,
and we say — Hurrah for Trinity ! Sixteen
points to nothing. It's funny, but when
we'd ask one of the team about it, he'd say —
"we got beat, but, boys — we had the best
time!" And then would come into his eyes
that mellow look which fellows have when
they talk about a certain class of beings.

O, don't tell us anything about the Raleigh
girls. We know them of old.

9 2

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

University Record.

The Library. — Below is appended a list
of new books purchased this session by the
Faculty for the University Library. We un-
derstand that more are on the way and that
a few more are slill to be ordered.

It will be observed that nearly all of these
are technical reference books of very great
value.

Under ihe present arrangement, the annual
contributions made by the Societies are, for
the most part, books of general literary in-
terest, and it is very properly the aim of the
Facully to supply for eich department of the
University the books that are needed for
special study.

Unfortunately, there is very little money
for this purpose, and the add. lions to the Li-
brary are made slowly. Here would lie an
excellent opportunity for a wealthy man to
make a fruitful investment.

There is posted in the Library a list similar
to the one given below, containing also the
number of the alcove and shelf where each
book is to be found. These books are also
recorded in the Society catalogues :

Recollections of a Minister to France. 2
vols. E. 13. Washburne.

Introduction to Homer. R. C. Jebb.

Electric Lighting. Philip Atkinson,

Three Cruises of the " Bin he." Alex.
Agassiz.

Ore Deposits. J. A. Phillips.

Vetus Te stamen turn Grace ( The Septua-
gint.) 2 vols. Tisehendorf.

Greek Verbs Veitch.

Greek Philosophy, Zeller.

AZneidof Vergil. Conington.

Odes of Pindar, E. My i-

Diatrtiigneiism on,/ Magno-crystallic Ac-
tion. John Tyndall.

Origin oj Floral Structures. Geo. Henslow.

The Common Frog, St Geo. Mivart.

British. Wild Flowers in Relation to In-
sects. Sir John Lubbock.

Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects. Sir
John Lubbock.

Introduction to the Study of Philosophy.
J. H. W. Stuckenberg.

Shakespeare's Othello. Variorum Edition.
H. H. Fumes';.

Principles of English Etymology. Skeat.

Recollections of Forty Years. De Lesseps.

Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise. 4
vols., and Supplement. E. Litre.

The New Astronomy. Langley.

Life of Benjamin Peirce.

Harper's Latin Dictionary.

Text-Book of Chemistry. Roscoe and
Shorlemmer.

Narrative and Critical History of Amer-
ica. Winsor.

Lists of the accessions to the Dialectic and
Philanthropic Libraries will be published in
our next number.

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. —
November 2o;h, iSSS.

References to Oil in Plutarch, and some of
his theoiies c jncerning the Moon. Professor
Alexander.
The University Observatory. Professor Love

Report on Bac;eriology. Professor W. L.
Poteat.

Mathematical Fictions. Professor Graves.

Recalculations of the Atomic Weights.
Professor Yenable.

The Secretary reported three additional
members and seventeen associate members.
Two hundred and eighty-six books and
pamphlets had been received since the Sep-
tember meeting, and there were fourteen new
exchanges.

December 5th. 18S8.

Magnetic Variation in North Carolina.
Professor Gore.

Progress in Analytical Chemistry. Pro-
fessor Venable.

Action of Soil on Superphc sphates (iead
by title). Dr. II. P.. Battle.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

93

Chemical Examination of some Species of
the Genus Ilex (read by title). Professor
Venable.

Account of a Paper by Professor Amodeo
(read by title). Professor Graves.

The Secretary reported .one hundred and
seventy-nine books and pamphlets received
since the last meeting, and nine new ex-
changes.

Shakspere Club. — The second monthly
meeting of this club was held October 15th.

Subject : Richard the Third. It was
treated as follows :

T. M. Lee : The Richard of Shakspere
as compared with the Richard of History.

J. Spottiswoode Taylor: Character of Mar-
garet of Anjou.

Professor Winston : Shakspere's treatment
of Conscience ; while his villains triumph
over flesh and blood they finally yield them-
selves to conscience.

Doctor Hume : The question propounded
by Lowell, as to the authorship of the play.
Dr. Hume, with a few vital strokes, con-
futed Lowell's theory that it is not a Shak-
sperian work.

The third monthly meeting was held Nov.
22d. Continuation of the subject of Richard
the Third.

The following side lights were thrown on
the work :

Professor Alexander : " The true Tragedie
oj Richard the Third."

Geo. S. Wills : Shaksperian Blank verse.

C. A. Webb : History of Places mentioned
in the play.

Doctor Hume : The stage characterization
of Richard.

Subject for next meeting : Measure for
Measure.

Seminary of Literature and Philology.

— This Association held its second monthly
meeting on October 23d. General subject :
The Historians. Treated as follows :

President Battle : The Object of History.

Professor Toy : History as a Science.

Professor Winston: A Comparison between

the old time Historians and those of the mod-
ern Scientific Spirit.

Doctor Hume : The Genesis of Carlyle's
French Revolution.

Professor Alexander : A list of valuable
Greek Histories.

The third monthly meeting of the Semi-
nary was held December 5th. The subject
was Sacred L iteiature.

Mr. W. J. Battle read a paper on Mediaeval
Latin Hymns.

Professor Toy: Luther's Translation of the
Bible.

Rev. Geo. B. Taylor : The Greek Basis
of the New Testament.

Dr. Hume : The Real Basis of the Eng-
lish Bible.

One of the most interesting meetings yet
held.

Subject for next meeting : Words, their his-
tory, variant forms, growth and decay, etc.

State Historical Society. — Second
monthly meeting, November 27th. Three
valuable contributions were made.

Doctor Mangum: The Salisbury Prison
(Confederate).

Doctor Venable: The Educational Ad-
vantages of the White and Black Races of
North Carolina.

Mr. W. J. Andrews : History of a Por-
trait of George the Third.

Y. M. C. A.— Never was this old Uni-
versity so awakened religiously as it has been
for tjjie past few weeks. It seemed, during
the week from November nth to November
17th, that God's baptism of fire was come
upon the college, as it came in the Pente-
costal days; and those who were Christians,
having the love of God shed abroad in their
hearts, began to persuade their fellows to be-
come Christians, and to pray for them con-
stantly. And see how God blessed us! We
don't know how it was, but we do know that
wherein many were blind in sin, now they
see in the righteousness of Christ, and that
college life is made purer and nobler than
ever before.

94

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

During the week, eight meetings were held,
and in that time, forty-seven (some of whom
had been once professing Christians,) ex-
pressed a purpose to lead a Christian life. It
seemed for a time as though we would have
the whole college for Christ.

The membership of the Association is now
very large. Sixty members have been ad-
mitted during the present term.

Enough money has been secured to begin
work on the new room, for social and other
purposes, and it should be completed early
in the spring term. There are at present
four worker's training classes of about thir-
teen members each, giving at least two hours
per week to systematic study of the Bible.

Several Sunday schools, at some distance
from the village, are being taught by mem-
bers of the Association.

We must send a large delegation to Wil-
mington in March.

Four Books Learned in One Reading.

A Year's Work Done In Ten Days. —

From the Chaplain of Exeter College and
Houghton Syriac Prizeman, Oxford :

Coll. Exon. Oxon., Sept. 1888.
Dear Sir: — In April, 1885, while thinking
of taking orders in September, I suddenly
received notice that my ordination examina-
tion would be held in a fortnight. I had
only ten (10) days in which to prepare for the
Exam. I should recommend a year's prep-
aration in the case of any one so utterly un-
prepared as I was; but your System had so
strengthened my natural memory, that I was
able to remember and give the gist of any book
after reading it once. I therefore read Light-
foot, Proctor, Harold Browne, Mosheim, &c,
&c, once, and was successful in every one of
the nine papers. The present Bishop of
Edinhurg knows the facts. Faithfully yours,

[Rev.] J AS. MlDDLETON MACDONALD, [m a]

To Prof. A. Loisette, 237 Fifth Ave., N. Y.
Perfectly taught by correspondence. Send
for prospectus.

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE,

Published under the auspices of The Philanthropic and Dialectic Societies of
The University of North Carolina.

Prospectus for 1888-89.

The MAGAZINE has six departments, each conducted by a student
selected with a view to his qualifications for the work in hand.

THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT is mainly intended to exhibit
the character of the work done in the Societies, to encourage literary
efforts and co-operate with the chairs in the University in developing
a critical appreciation of the masters of the language. It is a vehicle
of communication between the Alumni of the Institution, a repository
of interesting bits of history, important results in scientific investiga-
tion and discussion of leading questions in general.

THE COLLEGE RECORD will chronicle the events of college
life. The proceedings of the Mitchell Scientific Society, the Histor-
ical Society, the work of the Shakespeare Club, the Y. M. C. A., the
Temperance Band, and the other organizations, social and literary,
which find a footing in the University, will be given in detail.

THE PERSONAL DEPARTMENT will tell what " Chapel Hill-
ians " are doing here and elsewhere, and give expression to whatever
of wit the funny editor mav possess.

THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT will give the opinions of a
student on the current periodicals, latest books, &c, together with
such items as may be of interest to those living in the college world.

Sketches of distinguished North Carolinians, Notes of Travel, Essays
by members of the Faculty, Original poems and other papers are
being prepared for subsequent issues. Our popular Senator, HON.
Z. B. VANCE, will contribute a very interesting article to the MAGA-
ZINE during the year.

The Magazine is warmly endorsed by leading men of the State,
has bona fide subscribers all over the country, and a growing advertis-
ing patronage. It appeals for support to all the Alumni of the Uni-
versity, to lovers of education everywhere, and especially to those im-
bued with the spirit of progress that now pervades our land.

Subscribe and persuade your friends to subscribe.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

One copy one year $i oo

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Business men will find the MAGAZINE a good advertising medium.

Address,

W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,

CHAPEL ECIXjXj, 35T. C-

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Lock Box 64. CHAPEL SILL, JV. C.

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RICHMOND & DANVILLE RAILROAD.

No. 52.
Dailv.

North Carolina Division.

Leave Charlotte ...
Arrive Greensboro..
Leave Greensboro ..

" McLean's . . .

" Gilisonville . .

" Mill Point...

" Burlington ..

" Graham

" Haw River - .

" Mebane's.- . .

" Hilisboro

" University

Durham

" Morrisviile ..

" Cary

Raleigh j 2.00

" Garner . i 2.15

" Auburn 2.24

" Clayton ... ; 2.40

Wilson's Mills i 300

" Selma _. 3.15

" Pine Level 3 25

" Princeton . | 3 45

Arrive Gcklsboro 4 10

No. 51.
Daily.

5.OO AM

8.00

9 50
10.15
10 35
10.42
11.00
ii. 05
11. 14
n.30
"•55
12.11

12.55
1.28
1.36

5.50 PM

8.4O "

IO5O "

II.30 "

I2.05 AM

12 18 "

I. OO ".

I. IO '"

I 30 "

2.oS "

3.IO •'

3 45 "

4 50 "
5-55 "
6.15 "
7 15 "

7 46 "

8 05 "
S.40 "
9.20 '•

9 5i "
10.07 "
10.40 "
11 45 "

North Carolina Division

Leave Goldsboro

" Princtton

" Pine Level.

" Selma .

Wilson's Mills.

" Clayton .

" Auburn .

" Garner

" Raleigh

" Cary

" Morrisviile

" Durham

" University . ...

" HilLboro

" Mebane's

" Haw River .

" Graham.

Burlington .

" Mill Point .. .

" Gibsonville .

" McLean's

Arrive Greensboro .. .
Leave Greensboro
Arrive Chnrlntte •

I No " 52 - I No
i Daily ex-
cept Sun

50.
Daily.

8 10

9 15
945

10.02
10.32
n. 14
11. 41
12.05

1 45
2.10

2 24

12

45
.ob

46
. 10

22
•55

15

28
.00
.40

50

12 40

2.40 PM

3 05 "

3-25 "

3 32 "

3 46 "

4.08 "

4-25 "

35 "

55 "

15 "

25 "'

58 "

6.17 "

6 30 "
D-54 "

7 "7 "
7.14 "
7-36 "
7 45 "

7 51 "

8 07 •'
8.25 '•

1045 "

1.55 AM

Between Chapel Hill and University
All these trains Daily, except Sunday.

No. 4. No. 2.

P.M. I'M.
7-25 '->5
6-45 I2 -35
6.15 i 12.15

STA 1 H INS.

Lv.

Chapel Hill,
Knbson,

University,

.\ (

. 1.

A.

M

Lv

10

4°

11

;•>

Ar.

1 1

(0

No. 3

P.M.
5.00
5-4°
6.00

JAS. L. I AYLOR,

Gen. Pats. Agt.

STOP AT

^BRANSON H0u!SE^

POLITE SERVANTS!
GOOD FARE !

THE WEEKLY NEWS k OBSERVER.

The Weekly News and Observer is a long
ways the best paper ever published in
North Carolina. It is a credit to the
people and to the State. The people should
take a pride in it. It should be in every
family. It is an eight page paper, chuck
full of the best sort of reading matter,
news, market reports, and all that. You
cannot afford to be without it. Price.
f 1.25 a year. We will furnish the Weekly
News and Observer until January 1st. 1889,
for$l. Send for sample copy. Address.

NEWS & OBSERVER CO.,

Raleigh, N. C.

EDWARDS & BROUGHTON,

PRINTERS,

Stationers, Binders

Blank Book Manufacturers,

RALEIGH, N. C.

School Invitations, Programmes, Cards,

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IN THE VERY LATEST STYLES.

Largest House of the Kind in
North Carolina.

Subscription $1.00.

1SG3.

Single Copies 20 cents.

Old Series, Vol, XXI. No. 3. New Series, Vol. VIII.

NORTH CAROLINA

ittrivemtg

i\mu f

PUBLISHED SIX TIMES A YEAR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE

DIALECTIC AND PH1LAIWHR8P1G S8G1ETCES,

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.
- — — -♦•♦

EDITOES =
DI. PHI.

WM. JAS. BATTLE, HUNTER L. HARRIS,

WALTER M. HAMMOND. LOGAN D. HOWELL.

— 1 ♦•♦

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

Chief-Justice W. N. H. Smith, with portrait 95

Blackbeard, the Corsair of Carolina S. B. Weeks 98

Old Times in Chapel Hill, No. XII: The College Tutor. Mrs. C. P. Spencer 116

Margaret of Anjou .... J. S. Taylor 124

The Mocking Bird '. R, L. Uzzell 132

Editor's Desk : — Portnt of Judge Smith ; The Shakspeare Club Library ; The Univer-
sity Reading Room 133

The College World : — News of Other Colleges; North Carolina Colleges and Schools 135

Clippings from Exchanges 137

Book Review : The Critical Period of American History 139

Alumni and other Personals 140

University Record: — The Holidays; Centennial Celebration; Proceedings of Societies:
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Shakespeare Club, Seminary of Literature and
Philology; Young Men's Christian Association 142

COWARDS, BROUGHTO & CO. , STEAM PRINTERS AND BINDERS, RALEIG".

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

FACITLTT.

How KEMP P. BATTLE. LL. D., President,

Professor of Political Economy, Constitutional and International Law.

Rev. CHARLES PHILLIPS. D. D., LL. D.,

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics.

Rev. ADOLPIIUS W. MANGUM, A. M., D. D„

Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.

RALPH HENRY GRAVES. B. Sc, C. and M. E.,

Professor of Mathematics.

GEORGE TAYLOE WINSTON.

Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

FRANCIS PRESTON VENABLE. Pir. D., F. C. S.,

Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry.

JOSEPH AUSTIN HOLMES. B. Agr.,

Prtfcssor of Geology and Natural History.

JOSHUA WALKER GORE, C. E.,

Professor of Natural Philosophy and Engineering.

Hon. JOHN MANNING, A. M., LL. D..

Professor of Law.

Rev. THOMAS HUME. Jr.. M. A.. D. D.,

Professor of the English Language and Literature.

WALTER D. TOY, If. A.,

Professor of Modern Languages.

EBEN ALEXANDER, pi. D.,

Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.

. JAMES LEE LOVE, Pir. B.,
Associate Professor of Mathematics.

T. L. MOORE.

S. C. UK AG AW. f Librarians -

Professor GORE, Registrar.

Professor LOVE, Secretary.

W. T. PATTERSON, Bursar.

Instruction is offered in three regular courses of study. Special and optional courses are
provided in Mineralogy, Chemistry and other sciences relating to Agriculture. School
of Law fully organized. The sessions begin the last Thursday in August and c\u\ the
first Thursday in June, with a vacation of about one week at Christmas,

Tor catalogues or other information, address

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President,

CHAPEL HILL. N.

THE

<J

iversity Magazine.

1889.

Old Series, Vol XXI CHAPEL HILL, N. C. NO. 3.

New Series, Vol VIII. J

EDITORS:
PHI. DI.

Hunter L. Harris, Wm. Jas. Battle,

Logan D. Howell. Walter M. Hammond.

HON. W. N. H. SMITH, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE
SUPREME COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA.

William Nathan Harrell Smith, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of North Carolina, was born in the town of Murfreesboro, in this State,
on the 24th of September, 1812. His father was William L. Smith,
a native of Lyme, Connecticut, who, having graduated at Yale College
in the year 1802, studied medicine, moved to Hertford county, mar-
ried there in 1810, and died in 1813. His mother was Ann Harrell, of
the well known family of that name in Hertford county.

After graduating at Yale College in the year 1834, Mr. Smith re-
mained at his alma mater and studied law at the Yale Law School,
after which he obtained license to practise in the courts of this State,
and settled in his native place, where he continued in extensive prac-
tice until March, 1870, when he removed to Norfolk, Va., without,
however, abandoning his business before the North Carolina courts.
Two years were sufficient to satisfy Mr. Smith that there was no place
like home, and he accordingly returned to North Carolina to spend
the remainder of his days, since which time he has been a resident of
the city of Raleigh.

The only position, in the line of his profession, held by Mr. Smith,
previous to his elevation to the Supreme bench, was that of Solicitor

96 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

for the State in the first Judicial District, then composed of ten
counties in the northeastern portion of the State, to which he was first
elected by the General Assembly at the session held in the winter of
i848-'49. This office he held for four years, when he was again elected
by the General Assembly for a similar term. Though often in poli-
tics, Mr. Smith's best energies were devoted to the law. He was not
only a finished and powerful advocate, but a master of the manifold
intricacies belonging to the old system of pleading. He possessed a
mind of great discrimination and admirable balance. Cool, sagacious,
determined, he early became a most formidable opponent in the con-
duct of legal causes.

In political life Mr. Smith at times took an active part, and fre-
quently held public stations. He belonged to the school of politicians
known as Old Line Whigs. In 1840 he was elected to the House of
Commons, as it was then called, and in 1848 was elected to the Senate
from his native county. In 1857 he was the candidate of the Whig
party for Congress in his district, but was defeated, though only by a
small majority. In 1859 he was renominated and triumphantly elected.
By this time sectional feeling between the North and South had be-
come so strong that the old party lines were well nigh broken down.
Upon the meeting of Congress a protracted struggle ensued in the
House of Representatives. Neither the Democrats nor Republicans
had a clear majority, and a small band of Old Line Whigs and Know
Nothings held the balance of power. Mr. Smith was selected by the
Southern Representatives as their candidate for Speaker of the House.
After a long struggle and many weeks of tedious ballotings, in which
he lacked only one vote of an election, he was defeated by Mr. Pen-
nington, of New Jersey. He remained in the House until the close
of the session, and was present at the inauguration of Lincoln. Re-
suming his seat with the other Southern members, he was at once
elected to the Confederate Congress, and continued a member of
that body during its entire existence.

In 1865 he was once more elected to the House of Commons, and
took part in the reconstruction of the State under the plan of Presi-
dent Johnson. The General Assembly of that year contained a very
unusual amount of talent and ability, and was of more importance
than any which had met in eighty-nine years. This body was to re-
model our statutes and fit them for the altered condition of Southern
society. In this work Mr. Smith was the leader. His first proposition

HON. W. N. H. SMITH. 97

which became law was to enable persons of color to testify in the
courts and other legal proceedings. Previously they had only been
allowed to become witnesses for or against persons of their own color.
The other great legal change was the adoption by North Carolina of
Lord Denman's act, by which parties to civil suits could be heard as
witnesses at the trial; and for this, too, the praise is due Judge Smith.

One of the most famous causes in which Mr. Smith ever took part,
was the celebrated trial of the impeachment of Governor Holden,
which took place in the winter of iSjCh-'ji before the Senate, sitting
as a High Court of Impeachment, and presided over by Chief Justice
Pearson. On this trial Mr. Smith, though a life long political oppo-
nent, was selected by the Governor as one of his counsel, along with
Messrs. R. C. Badger, J. M. McCorkle, Nathaniel Boyden and Edward
Conigland. He was to lead in the defence against the astute manage-
ment of ex-Governor Bragg, and to increase an already great reputa-
tion. He made the closing argument for the defence, and throughout
the whole trial, displayed an ability and legal learning that stamped
him as one of the greatest lawyers, and one of the most acute and
logical reasoners in his profession in the country. His closing speech
made a pamphlet of over seventy pages.

Under the act of Congress of February 17th, 1873, his political dis-
abilities were removed, there being but one other person in the State
to whom that act applied. He received the honorary degree of Doctor
of Laws from Wake Forest College, in 1873, from the University of
North Carolina in 1875, and again from Yale College in 1881.

In January, 1878, he was appointed by Governor Vance, Chief Jus-
tice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina, to fill the vacancy caused
by the death of Chief Justice Pearson ; and at the expiration of that
appointment, was nominated for the same position by the State Dem-
cratic Convention, and afterwards elected. In 1886, he was again
nominated and re-elected.

On the 14th of January, 1839, J uc ^ge Smith married Miss Mary
Olivia Wise, of Murfreesboro. They have had three children, of whom
two survive : William W., a general insurance agent, and Edward C, a
rising lawyer and politician residing in Raleigh.

The opinions of Chief Justice Smith will be found in the Reports of
the Supreme Court of North Carolina from Vol. 78 to 100 inclusive,
embracing a period of eleven years.

98 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

These were formative years in the judicial history of the State, and
this august tribunal has had many important and delicate questions of
constitutional law to pass on, as well as to settle and define the lia-
bility of corporations for their contracts and torts ; and while all may
not agree with the conclusions reached in every case, yet the profes-
sion cheerfully concedes that, in the large majority of cases, the de-
cisions of the Court are correct, founded on right principles and sus-
tained by precedent and authority, and will command the respect of
the bar.

Judge Smith can confidently rest his reputation as a jurist upon
these North Carolina Reports, and the opinions delivered by him make
a fitting crown to his long, laborious and useful life. His wonderful
capacity for labor, for with him " labor ipse est voluptas "; his accurate
scholarship, and his thorough knowledge of the law make him an able
Judge — while his genial temper and fine conversational powers attract
those whose good fortune it is to enjoy his company.

He could not well be spared from the Bench of which he has, so long
been the ornament.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA.

A Paper read before the North Carolina Historical Society at Chapel Hill,
September 19, 1888, by Stephen B. Weeks

During the closing years of the seventeenth century, pirates and
buccaneers became all the fashion. Privateering had long been fos-
tered and cherished by the English sovereigns. One hundred years
before the date of which we are writing, England and Spain had been
striving for the mastery — Protestantism on the one hand, Roman
Catholicism on the other. Spain had almost sole control of the New
World. She was all powerful in the Old. She controlled not only the
Iberian peninsula, but the Netherlands, a large part of Italy and the
circumjacent islands. Her influence was paramount at the court of
Vienna, and her language was the speech of the gentleman and the
envoy. To c ppose and counteract this mighty influence, the English
government, during the reign of Elizabeth, was constrained to com-

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 99

mission privateers, who were destined to act against the one enemy of
their race and religion in the Spanish main. Westward, Ho ! became
then the cry of adventurous seamen, and many a great galleon struck
her colors to the flag of England. The gold of Mexico and Peru
fell from Spanish into English hands, and hardly a city was there, from
St. Augustine to Cape Horn, that escaped a visit from a Drake, a
Hawkins, or a Raleigh. The power of Spain was broken on the defeat
of the Armada, but privateering was now a paying business and
continued to flourish, and the profession of the English, under another
name, was assumed before many years by another race.

Early in the seventeenth century, French adventurers, setting out
from St. Christopher, landed on the island of Hispaniola, the Hayti of
our day, and found there vast herds of wild cattle, horses and swine.
Vessels were always in want of food on their homeward voyage,
and meat was now at a premium in the Spanish West Indies. The
Frenchmen determined to avail themselves of the market thus thrown
in their way. They landed and began to slaughter the cattle and
" buccaneer " the meat. At first, the Spanish settlers thought nothing
of a few wild Frenchmen on the island, but as their numbers contin-
ually increased, they complained, and Spanish soldiers were sent to
drive the French away or destroy them. This caused the latter to
unite for mutual protection, and about 1630 they firmly established
themselves on Tortuga, a little island north of Hispaniola, and separa-
ted from it by a channel five or six miles wide. From this island there
poured forth for three-quarters of a century lust and murder and arson,
and all other crimes and enormities that ever blackened the record of
man, or were hatched in the hot-beds of the bottomless pit. The
primary object of the buccaneers in coalition was self-defense ; but,
just as all other irresponsible organizations, they went too far. They
tired of the lawful business of drying meat for market, and took to
plundering Spanish ships instead. Commerce before long was driven
from the Spanish main, and then they took to plundering towns as
well as ships. Their great leaders, L' Olonoise and Henry Morgan,
with picked crews of the rags and tags of every nation, white, black,
red, brown and yellow, captured and sacked Maracaibo, Gibraltar,
Porto Bello, Puerto del Principe, and finally took, and after having
plundered it of $1,500,000, burned the great city of Panama itself.

Henry Morgan, the Welsh farmer boy, and the greatest of all the

ioo THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

buccaneers, then settled down in Jamaica to the enjoyment of his ill-
gotten treasure, honored by all, rendered famous by his deeds, made
governor of his island home and finally knighted by his king, that
most worthless scion of a luckless race, Charles II. With Sir Henry,
the buccaneers reached the acme of their fame, and from that time
began to decline.*

Edward Teach, or Tache, or Thatch, or Theach, as the name was
variously spelled, was born in Bristol. During a part of Queen Anne's
war against France and Spain, he served in a privateer fitted out in
Jamaica, and distinguished himself for his intrepidity and courage.f
In 1706 he joined Benjamin Hornigold, or Homsgold, a pirate, per-
haps nothing more than another privateer, and went with him on a
cruise between the island of Providence and the continent. They
captured a sloop, of which Hornigold gave him command. Soon after,
he took with her a French Guineaman bound to Martinico. He put
forty guns on board, christened her Queen Anne's Revenge, and went
on a cruise, with the sloop as a tender, to South America and the
Canaries, f

Thus far, it seems all his known efforts have been directed against
his hereditary enemies, and the name of his vessel tends to confirms
us in this belief. Up to this time there is no proof that he has been
a pirate. He has done nothing more than Drake and Hawkins have done
before him.

The treaty of Utrecht was signed April 11, 1713. By this treaty
the long war over the Spanish succession was brought to a close, peace
reigned, and Teach and company were without employment. His
crew is made up of lazy and dissolute fellows; they must make a
living ; they are accustomed to the sea ; they have had experience and
learned skill from privateering ; and the business most like that of
which they arc enamored is to go a-pirating. Moreover, France and
Spain are exhausted by long and continued wars ; rich treasures are
to be secured from Spanish ships in the shape of pearls, jewels and gold
almost for the asking; the American coast is large, there are few
vessels of war in its waters, and the places for harbor, defense and
hiding are very numerous ; the power of England is far distant, and
that power will not trouble itself much to weaken those engaged in a

♦Buccaneers and Marooncrs of the Spanish Main.
fMartin, 1—285.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 101

crusade against their ancient foes. This was perhaps the view of the
situation held by Captain Teach and his crew, and by which he justified
his action. And perhaps he never heard of the treaty, and went on
in his old-fashioned way, as others have done since his time. It was
with him, moreover, a kind of religious duty to plunder the ships of
Spain, and when the hideous black flag has been flung to the breeze,
and his hands have been once more dyed in blood, it is no longer diffi-
cult for him to plunder the English as well as the natives of France
and Spain.

Under this kind of reasoning, piracies became so frequent, and their
perpetrators so numerous and daring, that in 171 7 George I. proclaimed
pardon to all pirates who would accept the king's mercy within a year.
This was considered the easiest, surest and least expensive way of
getting rid of a dangerous class of marauders, and bringing them back
into the pale of civilization and citizenship. Master Teach was at the
Canaries when he heard of the proclamation, but never a bit did he
surrender. He now commanded a small fleet, consisting of a 40-gun
ship with 140 men*, and six sloops — Stede Bonnet, Charles Vane and
Richard Worley being his lieutenants. They left the Canaries and
worked for a while in the Spanish main.* In the bay of Honduras
he captured the Protestant Ccesar. He burned her and a sloop with
her because they were from Boston, where some men had been hanged
for piracy. He captured twenty-eight vessels in little more than a
month*, and in May, 171 8, the famous freebooter appeared off Charles-
ton harbor. He lay to and overhauled all vessels he met. Among his
prisoners was Samuel Wragg, a member of the Provincial Council of
South Carolina, a Mr. Marks and thirteen negroes. He plundered the
vessels of about ;£ 1,500 in gold and pieces of eight ; completely de-
stroyed the commerce of the place, "and after that, they had the
most unheard-of Impudence to send up one Richards, and two or three
more of the pirates with the said Mr. Marks, with a message to the
Government, to demand a Chest of Medicines of the value of Three
or Four Hundred Pounds, and to send them back with the Medicines,
without offering any violence to them, or otherwise they would send
in the Heads of Mr. Wragg and all those prisoners they had on board,
and Richards, and two or three more of. the Pirates, walked upon the

*State Trials, 6 — 162 ; 6 — 163 ; 6 — 163.

102 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Bay, and in our public Streets, to and fro in the Face of all the People,
waiting for the Governor's Answer. And the Government, for the
Preservation of the Lives of the Gentlemen they had taken, were
forced to yield to their Demands." Thus wails Richard Allen, Esq.,
the King's Attorney General, at the trial of Bonnet and his crew.*

This effrontery exasperated the good folk of Charleston. They
fitted out two sloops and gave the command to Col. Wm. Rhett and
Governor Johnson. They pursued Bonnet and Worley into the Cape
Fear River, and owing to superior skill and bravery captured them.
All the crew of VVorley's six-gun sloop were killed, except two; these,
Worley and one more, surrendered. They were tried and immediately
executed lest they should die of their wounds. f Bonnet and his
crew were taken to Charleston, tried, and twenty-two executed. Bon-
net escaped, but was retaken and executed December 10, 1 7 18.^; He
was a man of letters and had been a Major in the British army.

Teach, in the meantime, having gained betwen seven and eight
thousand dollars, and having declined the king's pardon, which was
offered him by the Governor of South Carolina, bade the people of
Charleston farewell and sailed merrily away to North Carolina. Then
he, as many others had done, began to cudgel his brains for means to
cheat his followers out of their share of the spoils. At Topsail Inlet
he ran his own vessel aground as if by accident. Hands, the captain
of one of the consorts, pretending to come to his assistance, also
grounded his sloop. Nothing now remained but for those who were
able to get away in the other craft, all that was now left of the little
fleet. Blackbeard and some forty of his favorites secured the sloop
and sailed away, leaving their companions on the sand to await their
return in vain. But still the pirate had too many to share his treasure,
so he marooned seventeen more on a sand-bank, and went up to Eden
House and surrendered to Charles Eden, Esq., Governor of North
Carolina, and was allowed to take the oath of allegiance. •[

A part of the crew dispersed, some going to Pennsylvania and New
York, while "others betaking themselves to their former villainies,
under the command of Major Bonnet Thatch, with about twenty more

♦State Trials, vol. 6 — 162.

fHewit's South Carolina and Georgia, p. 210.

instate Trials, vol. 6.

'iPyle, State Trials, Colonial Records.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 103

remained in North Carolina, and kept one of the sloops, pretending
to employ themselves in trade."*

This Bonnet Thatch mentioned by Governor Spotswood is evidently
Edward Teach. This may have been a nickname given him because
of some physical deformity, or possibly because of his relations with
Stede Bonnet. The same letter states that Bonnet Thatch was killed
at Ocracoke Inlet. Teach was idle and lazy. When on shore he
spent his time in gambling, drinking and debauchery, having recently
married a sixteen-year-old girl as his thirteenth wife,f and in a short
while was penniless again. His mind, moreover, weighed down by its
terrible load of guilt and crime, could find no rest in calm reflection,
and must seek distraction in confusion worse confounded. Having
spent some time on Pamlico, he enlisted a picked crew of some twenty
scoundrels and cleared for the island of St. Thomas as a common
trader.

He set sail in the sloop Adventure. In a few weeks he returned,
bringing with him a French ship laden with sugar, coffee, cocoa, and
similar goods. He and four of his men made a solemn affidavit before
Tobias Knight, who was the Collector of Customs for the town of
Bath, that they had found this ship adrift at sea, deserted and without
papers. The ship and cargo were condemned as a lawful prize, and
the ex-pirate was allowed to land his goods, while Knight kindly stowed
twenty barrels of sugar and two bags of coffee in his own barn for safe-
keeping.

From depositions made by Hesekias Hands and four others before
the Admiralty Court held in Williamsburg, Virginia, on March 12,
1719, for the trial of a part of Teach's crew, it appeared that Teach,
on August 22, 1718, fell in with, to the eastward of the Bermudas,
two French ships, one loaded with sugar, cocoa and similar goods,
the other in ballast. Teach put the crew of the laden vessel on board
of the one in ballast and brought his prize to Carolina. He unloaded
her and then burned her as leaky and unseaworthy.

The oath of Teach was accepted without hesitation by Governor
Eden and Secretary Knight, and there are those who say sixty hogs-
heads of sugar to the former, and twenty to the latter, was the price

*Colonial Records, 2 — 325.

f Martin says thirteenth, Abbott and others say fourteenth, that the ceremony was per-
formed by Governor Eden himself, and that twelve of his former wives were still living.

104 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

of their acquiescence. However the authorities might view the trans-
action, the people were disposed to view it as a piratical venture.
They had suffered from the depredations of the outlaw before. They
had seen the carelessness, supineness and criminal indifference of the
government to Teach and his cut-throats on former occasions, and a
secret application for aid was soon sent to Governor Spotswood of
Virginia.

Teach, now considering himself safe under the aegis of the Governor
and his Secretary, hove his ship down at the place since known as
Teach's Hole, near Ocracoke Inlet, for the purpose of cleaning her
bottom and refitting. When this was done, he remained in the vicinity
trading with the planters and passing vessels, and at times was very
courteous, presenting his neighbors with sugar and rum ; but his heavy
contributions occasionally levied, and his total want of honesty in
trade, soon excited the hostility and unrelenting hatred of all.

The Virginia Governor was, in the meantime, preparing an expedi-
tion as secretly as possible. One hundred pounds sterling was offered
for Teach, dead or alive, by the Virginia Assembly ; ^40 for every
other commander of a pirate ship; .£13 for each of his officers, and
£$ for each of his men.*

Captain Ellis Brand, of H. B. M. ship Lyme, was then commanding
in the Virginia waters. He fitted out two sloops to hunt the pirate,
and gave command to Robert Maynard, a lieutenant in the royal navy.

The little squadron left its moorings in Hampton Roads, November
17, 171S, and on the evening of the 21st passed through Ocracoke
Inlet. Here they found the enemy, who had been apprised of their
movements and was now ready to play his part in this, his last great
game of hazard. Because of the shallow water, Maynard was forced
to come to anchor and wait for the morning. Teach sat up all night,
drinking deep and long, to fortify his spirits and increase his despera-
tion. On the morning of November 22, Lieutenant Maynard sailed
toward the pirate craft, and in so doing received her broadside. He
then stood directly for her, endeavoring to make a running fight. At
this critical juncture his sloop ran aground. Teach leaped upon the
round-house, drank a glass of liquor to the two captains, and cried
damnation on him that asked for quarter.

The Adventure was armed with eight guns, and poured in a terribly

♦This proclamation is dated at Williamsburg, Nov, 24, 1718, and is signed by Governor
Spotswood.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 105

raking fire on her adversary, cutting down twenty men at a single
broadside, while Maynard could reply with only two forward guns.
All seemed lost, when Maynard suddenly ordered his men below, but
to be ready, on signal, for boarders and fighting hand to hand. The
ruse succeeded. Teach saw the decks deserted and ordered his men
to board. They boarded, and were met face to face and hilt to hilt
by the British regulars. The two chiefs rushed at each other with the
fury of madness and discharged their pistols. Teach was shot through
the body, but noticed it not. They drew their cutlasses and the
sword-play was quick and sharp. The crews were as closely engaged,
and soon the vessel was a crowded charnel house. Nine of the seven-
teen (Martin says fourteen,) boarders fell, and with them fell Edward
Teach, the Corsair of Carolina.* Maynard turned his attention to
the pirate sloop, which discharged one more broadside. When this
fire was returned, her commanding officer fell. Teach had stationed
a gigantic negro at the powder magazine, a lighted torch in his hand
and instructions to blow her up as soon as boarded. He, faithful to
the master, now no more, could hardly be restrained from his purpose
even when the rest of the crew had surrendered. He, too, in a nobler
cause, had been worthy of an immortal song. The body of Teach
was found covered with wounds. Villain and robber as he was, he had
fought with an energy and desperation worthy of a better fate. Had
he remained in the paths of peace, he might have received high honors
from his king. " The way of the transgressor is hard."

Maynard sailed up to Bath town for rest and refreshment, the head
of the pirate fixed to the bowsprit of his vessel. He had lost twelve
men killed and twenty-two wounded. f The pirate had nine killed,
while nine more were made prisoners.;}: These were carried to Virginia,
tried, condemned and executed.^

Lieutenant Maynard, after resting a few days at Bath town secured
all plunder belonging to the pirates, including the goods stored in

* Abbott says Maynard's sword broke in the fight; that Teach was cut in the neck from
behind and shot at the same time by Maynard. But he is not trustworthy, for he says further
on that Governor Eden was so terrified by the capture of the pirate and the danger of the
discovery of his own complicity, that he sickened and died in a few days, when, in reality, he
lived until March 26, 1722.

fColonial Records of North Carolina, 2 — 326.

^Colonial Records of North Carolina, 2 — 325.

^[Campbell says thirteen of his crew were tried and executed. It seems Hands, by plead-
ing that the King's pardon had been prolonged, escaped. Johnson's Lives.

106 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Knight's barn, and with them returned to Virginia, the gory head of
the fallen chief still at his bowsprit. The goods were condemned by
a court of Vice-Admiralty, and being of a perishable nature, were sold
at public auction bringing 447 ounces Spanish gold, making in the
currency of this country, at £$ per ounce, £2, 235. From this the ex-
penses of the expedition, the transportation from Carolina and the
cost of sale having been deducted, the remainder was held subject to
the King's order.*

Serious legal complications were now about to arise. The Govern-
ment of North Carolina suddenly set up a claim to these goods, as
being taken within the seas of and off the soil of the Lords Proprie-
tors. When the goods were tried before the Vice-Admiralty Court
in Williamsburg, the attorney of North Carolina put in a plea of juris-
diction by the courts of his Province. This was overruled, and he
threatened to sue Capt. Brand in England for trespass, and make him
responsible to the Lords Proprietors for all goods taken from the
pirates. To prevent Capt. Brand from suffering in this emergency,
Gov. Spotswood remitted the whole sum to England to await the ac-
tion of the King.f The Government of North Carolina had not
been active enough or strong enough to suppress the pirates them-
selves. They had allowed these freebooters to enter the goods at the
custom house and to store them in the houses of their officers, they
had even surrendered them peaceably to Capt. Brand, but when they
are taken out of the Province, the plea of the Lords Proprietors'
rights is put up ! Valiant Carolinians ! As the world knows, in those
days one tenth of the booty captured from pirates went to the King
and the remainder to the captors.

A Court of Admiralty was held in Williamsburg, Virginia, March
12, 1719, for the trial of the five negroes, still remaining, who were
taken on Teach's sloop. It seems the other four prisoners had been
tried and executed already. During the trial, testimony very damag-
ing to the character of Knight, was given.

(1.) Hesekias Hands testified, that when Teach returned to Ocracoke,
he went with four of the prisoners, Richard Stiles, James Blake, James
White and Thomas Gates, in a periauger, to Knight's house ; that
Teach carried him a present of three or four kegs of sweetmeats, some

♦Colonial Records of North Carolina, 2 — 338.
■^Colonial Records, vol. 2.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 107

loaf sugar, a bag of chocolate and some boxes, the contents of which
they did not know; that they got to Knight's house about 12 or 1
o'clock at night, and carried up all the goods, except one keg of sweet-
meats ; that Knight was then at home and Teach stayed with him until
about an hour before daybreak and then returned.

(2.) William Bell, merchant, of Currituck precinct, testified that on
that very night, September 14, he was robbed at Chester's landing
some three miles below Knight's house, by a white man, who, he has
since understood, was Teach, of £66 10s. cash, one piece of crape con-
taining 58 yards, one box of pipes, half a barrel of brandy and several
other goods, among them a silver cup of remarkable fashion, being
made to screw in the middle, the upper part resembling a chalice, the
lower a tumbler, which he learns was found in Teach's sloop after the
battle. This testimony was essentially corroborated by the pirates on
trial. Bell said Teach passed him unmolested on the way up and ex-
pressed the belief that he had obtained information of his money
while visiting the Secretary.

(3.) There was produced a letter found on the dead body of the pirate
and proven to be in the handwriting of Knight:

Nov. 17th 1718.
My ffriend

If this finds you yet in harbor I would have you make the best of your way up as soon as
possible your affairs will let you I have something more to say to you than at present I
can write the bearer will tell you the end of oar Indian Warr and Garret can tell you in fact
what I have to say to you so ref err you in some measure to him

I really think these three men are heartily sorry at this difference with you and will be
very willing to ask your pardon if I may advise be ffriends again, its better than falling out
among your selves

I expect the Governor this night or tomorrow who I believe would be likewise glad to see
you before you goe, I have not time to add save my hearty respects to you and am your real
ffriend

And Servant

T. Knight.

(4.) Capt. Ellis Brand declared that, having received information of the
goods stored in Knight's barn, he asked him for the same, as they
were a part of the cargo taken from the French ship. Knight, with
many asseverations, positively denied that any such goods were about
his plantation, but when the matter was urged home to him on the
next day, and when Brand told him of the proofs he could bring by the

108 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

persons concerned in the landing, and by the memorandum found in
Teach's pocket book, Knight confessed, and the goods were found in
his barn, covered with fodder.

From these depositions, it seemed to the Virginia court that Mr.
Tobias Knight, Secretary for the province of Carolina, had given just
reasons to be suspected of being privy to the piracies of Teach and
accessory to the same. A copy of the evidence was therefore trans-
mitted to the Governor of North Carolina, that he might have the said
Knight arrested and tried according to law. Knight was furnished
with a copy of the charges. May 27, 17 19, was the day, and the house
of " ffred Jones, Esq.," in Chowan, was the place for the trial.

Against these charges, T. Knight, Esq., " humbly remonstrateth,"
as follows :

(1.) That Hesekias Hands swears positively that Teach went from
Ocracoke to his house with a present, while he at the same time
acknowledges that he was at the Inlet thirty leagues away ; that Hands
had been lying in prison under the terrors of death for some time
before giving his evidence, and there appears in the evidence more of
art, malice and design than of truth ; that as to the next four witnesses,
they are utterly false, and " Ought not to be taken against him, for
that they are no other than four Negro Slaves, which, by the Laws
and customs of all America, Aught not to be Examined as Evidence,
neither is their Evidence of any Validity against any White person
whatsoever, and further that the s d Negroes at the time of their giving
the pretended Evidence afs d (as the s d Tobias Knight is informed) was
upon Tryal for their own lives for the supposed piracy by them com-
mitted on Board the s d Thache, and that what they did then say was
in hopes of obtaining mercy tho' they were then Condemned and since
Executed, so that had they been never so Lawfull Evidences the s d
Tobias Knights debarred from his right and benefit of an Examination
of them."

(2.) That the testimony of Wm. Bell can affect him only in that it
"cunningly suggests " that Teach was at Knight's house; that Bell at
the time the robbery was committed suspected other persons, and has,
since his depositions were taken before the Virginia court, expressed
himself so.

(3.) That Brand's evidence is not on oath and therefore not to be
taken, and he, moreover, in the most solemn manner, declares it to be

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 109

false ; that when he heard Brand intended to send his people to search
his house, he spoke to Brand and told him that the goods were stored
there only until a more convenient place could be found for them by
the Governor ; that Brand made answer, and said some evil-minded
persons, intimating Mr. Maurice Moore and others, had said some
spiteful things against him, but that he had always found him very
ready in the service of the Crown, as became a gentleman.

(4.) He did write the letter at the Governor's order, but denies there
was any evil intent in the same ; he believed Teach at that time a free
subject of the king ; that when Teach and his men came into the
province and surrendered themselves, he had been confined to his bed
by sickness for a long time, and during Teach's whole stay in these
parts he never was able to go off his plantation, nor did Teach, or any
of his men, frequent his house, except on business with him as Secre-
tary or Collector of Customs ; nor did any of his family form any
acquaintance with Teach or his men, or buy anything from them, or
sell anything to them during their whole stay, except two negro slaves
purchased for other persons ; that from Teach's departure for St.
Thomas, he saw nothing of him until September 24, when he came
and reported the wreck.

Edmund Chamberlain was sworn and examined. He said he had
lived at Knight's house since the end of August last ; that on and about
the 14th of September he never left the house by day or by night, and
was particularly watchful because of an expected attack from the
Indians, and he verily believes that nothing could have happened
about the house, by night or by day, without his knowing it ; that
Teach came up about September 24 and reported the wreck, and he
believes Teach had not been there before ; that Knight was very unwell
just about this time ; he could not get out of the house, nor could he
have communication with anyone without the hazard of his life ; that
his own lodging room was very close to that of Knight, and he must
have known if any one entered it ; that Wm. Bell had been at Knight's
house on September 14; had been examined by him, and desired a
" Hue and Cry " after parties other than Teach ; that he knew of no
presents from Teach to Knight or his family, except a gun worth 40s.;
that he had since asked the said Bell if he knew of Teach's being at
Knight's house, and Bell replied by saying that " Tobias Knight was
a Civil Gent., and his wife a Civil Gentlewoman."*

*The Colonial Records of North Carolina, volume II, has the whole evidence.

no THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

This is the evidence pro and con, and the venerable fathers of Caro-
lina in council assembled, and presided over by his Excellency, Gov.
Eden, " Haveing taken the whole into their serious consideration and
it appearing to them that the four evidences called by the names of
James Blake, Richard Stiles, James White and Thomas Gates, were
actually no other than four negro slaves, and since executed as in the
remonstrances is set forth and that the other evidences so far as it re-
late to the s d Tobias Knight are false and malitious, and that he hath
behaved himself in that and all other affairs wherein he hath been in-
trusted as becomes a good and faithful officer, and thereupon, it is the
opinion of this Board that he is not guilty and ought to be acquitted
of the s d crimes and every of them laid to his charge as afors d *.

Such was the verdict of the Governor and his council when the Sec-
retary, Collector of Customs, Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court,
Member of the Council and Chief Justice of the aforesaid Province
was brought before them to defend himself against the charge of
piracy. Tobias Knight was honorably acquitted, but this verdict has
not been accepted by posterity. Let us examine the evidence: Cham-
berlain's oath should be suspected, for it was impossible for him to
have kept such a strict surveillance over Knight's movements without
special efforts in that direction. The five men testifying against him
were pirates and on trial for their lives, but their testimony seems to
be more of the nature of confessions than King's evidence, and Knight
finally pleads a technicality : that they have been already executed
and he has not had the right of the accused, a cross-examination. He
pleads their unreliable character. This may be true, but Knight al-
lowed men of the same class and members of the same crew to make
affidavit that the French vessel was a wreck and allowed them to con-
fiscate her goods to their own use. If they are not allowed to testify
in the Courts of justice, how can he clear himself of the charge of
corruption in office as collector of customs ? If these men are allowed
to swear that goods were found by them abandoned at sea, why are
they not allowed to swear that a part were presented to Tobias
Knight Esq r ? The oath of a pirate is as good in one place as in
another. Knight says the evidence of Wm. Bell is not good because
he at first suspected some one else of the robbery ! And when his

*Colonial Records, vol. 2.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. in

silver cup of " remarkable ffashion " was found in Teach's sloop. This
goes for nothing towards proving that Teach was the original thief !
The evidence of CaptamBrand is convincing ; his character has not been
questioned ; he could have no object in defaming the Secretary, and, to
rebut his testimony, Knight brings out a tale flimsy in itself and a flat
denial Knight says his letter was indited at the command of the
Governor; and yet a third, and, most likely, irresponsible party can tell
the recipient more of state affairs than can be entrusted to paper!
What means the "falling out among yourselves?" What business
have honest, law-abiding citizens of banding together in time of peace ?
and why would men of the stamp of Teach write at all? And why
does a Chief Justice, when addressing a thief, murderer and ^-pirate,
at least, sign himself, " your real ffriend And Servant "?

The goods were found in the Secretary's barn ; the letter was
acknowledged to be his, and these two facts have consigned him to an
eternity of infamy. At the time, "guilty" was the almost unanimous
verdict. The people of North Carolina have clung to it for one hun-
dred and seventy years, and although it compromises the character of
a Secretary of State and a Governor, they are likely to be of the same
opinion still to the end of time.

Governor Eden prepared and laid before the Council a narrative of
his proceedings in regard to Teach and his crew. This narrative has
been, unfortunately, lost. On it hung his hope of acquittal, and with
its loss his name, fame and character sunk into infamy and disgrace.

Teach gets the name " Blackbeard " from a heard of immoderate
length and of a very dark hue. This he cultivated and tended with
great care, adjusting it in such a way as to cause aversion, disgust and
horror. He was accustomed to twist his mustachios and hang them
over his ears. In battle, he carried three brace of pistols in holsters
hung over his shoulders, and lighted matches under his hat, protrud-
ing from over his ears. No pirate chief could challenge rivalry with
him in his outrages on humanity. Once, in a drunken ecstacy, while
seated in his cabin, he took a pistol* in each hand and, cocking

*There is now in the possession of the North Carolina Historical Society, a pistol with
dagger attachment, supposed to have been used by one of Teach's crew. The barrel is of
brass, nine inches long, with a muzzle three-fourths of an inch in diameter, blunderbuss
fashion, mouth enlarged for scattering bullets. It was evidently intended for use at short
range, and is an excellent boarding weapon. The hammer is so arranged that when the flint
becomes dull, it may be sharpened with no danger of an explosion. It was made by Grice,

ii2 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

them under the table, blew out the lights, and with hands crossed fired
on each side at his companions, maiming his subordinate, Hands,* for
life. He frequently personified a demon for the amusement of his
followers, and on one occasion gratified them with a representation of
hell, and nearly stifled them all by the fumes of brimstone under the
hatches.f

Such is the Teach of history; but around this real personage there
has grown up another and fabulous being, and the former is now fast
giving place to the latter in the minds of men.

BURYING MONEY.

Teach ranged from Ocracoke Inlet to Holliday's Island, in the
Chowan River. It is said he buried vast sums of money ; none of it
has yet been recovered. Many holes may be seen here and there in
that section, where the metallic rod of the digger has told him of hid-
den wealth. There they remain, a yawning monument of human folly.
Teach always buried his treasures at night, and in a strong iron chest
protected by iron bands. The money was carried to the spot in bags.
When the pit was ready, Teach cried out in stentorian tones, "Who
will stay here and watch?" Some bold, fearless rover of the sea
steps from the ranks and answers, "I will." His head is immediately
chopped off, and the parts of the body thrown into the chest together ;
silver and gold are poured in on top, and here the silent watcher still
lies waiting for the judgment morn, while his restless spirit hovers
near, terrifying all bold, bad mortals who would come with shovel and
spade at the dead hour of night to disturb his last lonely resting place.

or Griee, of London, and was presented to the Society in i83o by J. D. Miller. Extreme
length with bayonet open, 2o£ inches: length of bayonet from muzzle 6£ inches, handle of
walnut, works are in good order, springs are strong, ramrod alone is wanting.

The reasons for believing it a pirate pistol are:

Teach at one time surrendered to the authorities. His men scattered throughout Eastern
•Carolina; some settled and became law-abiding citizens. This pistol was found near Kins-
ton, a section doubtless visited by them; its age and origin unknown.

A pistol of similar pattern, save that the dagger was attached beneath, instead of at the
•right side, was taken from pirates in the Mediterranean.

The perfection of workmin^hip and character of weapon show that it was made for an
organ zed body. The makers could not have depended on a chance sale alone.

While the pistol has all the characteristics of a weapon of war, the /Wa/ York Journal of
Commerce, after having made examination, says it has never been used in the navy of a civ-
ilized p;ople. It must, therefore, have been made for the buccaneer trade.

♦Johnson's Lives.

fGrahame, vol. 2 — 54, 55.

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 113

HIS WIVES.

Teach had thirteen wives, at least. He had three on Symon's Creek
alone. It is said he married a new one every time he went ashore.
His name is sometimes called " Bluebeard " by the historians, and the
fact that he had so many wives and treated them so cruelly, may be
assigned as one of the many origins of our world-renowned nursery
tale. I have heard that there are now persons living in Raleigh, who
claim to be his lineal descendants by his first and lawful wife, whom he
left when he first went a-pirating.

HIS BODY.

When the battle with Brand was over, the head of the dead pirate
was cut off and the body thrown overboard. Yet his tenacity of life
was so great that the decapitated trunk swam three times around his
vessel, striving once more to reach the decks he loved. It is said to
have been buried at Teach's Hole.

teach's ship-yard.

There is a small island, about a quarter of an acre in extent, at the
mouth of Symon's Creek, a small tributary of Little River, which in
turn pours into Albemarle Sound and forms the dividing line between
Pasquotank and Perquimans counties, called Buzzard Island. Teach's
ship-yard was here, and he himself said the owner of Buzzard Island
would be the richest man in Carolina. The island rises abruptly out
of the creek and river, and is above high water. Three large beech
trees once stood there, forming a triangle. Within this enchanted
spot, legend says, great hordes of pirate gold were hidden. The whole
island has been upturned and one of the beeches uprooted in the fruit-
less search.

HIS REAL NAME.

The real name of the pirate was not Teach, but Teekes Commander.
He was born and reared on Symon's Creek, in Pasquotank county.
Being of a wild disposition, he ran away when about twenty and went
to sea. He is said to have had Hocklefield, a colonial worthy o£

ii4 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

prominence, as a partner in the nefarious traffic. Intelligent people
now living in the county claim to be his collateral descendants. Mr.
Joseph Commander says he is one of these, and that Teach was reared
on a plantation now owned by him and by his father before ; that as
many as five hundred holes have been dug on the place looking for
money, and that the bodies of his own parents have been almost ex-
humed in the mad greed of gold.

ONE OF TEACH'S CREW

At one time went to some part of the South Carolina coast to dig
up a chest he knew to be there. Just as he neared his destination, he
was taken violently ill. He was removed to a poor man's house and
cared for in his last hours. Out of gratitude he gave his benefactor
his papers, and among them was a plat of the place where the buried
booty lay. The poor man had a son who was wooing a nabob's daugh-
ter. The aristocrat was opposed to the match. By some means he
heard of the treasure and went himself to dig for it by night. His
neighbor discovered his movements, played the hobgoblin role and
scared the Shylock away. The next day the poor man went to the
spot, secured the treasure and gave it to his son, who was then allowed
to marry the rich man's heir, and they lived happily ever after.

THE NAME OF OCRACOKE.

The name Ocracoke is frequently written Ocracock, and got this
name in this way : Teach had some chickens on board his vessel, and
among them a fine cock. When going into a battle that was to prove
successful, the cock would crow lustily and long. As Teach was pre-
paring to go into the fight with Brand the cock was silent. Teach
saw his silence ; knew it foreboded him evil, and in the extremity of
despair cried out, " O crow, cock! O crow, cock ! "

A CHEST OF HIS MONEY KNOWN TO BE IN EXISTENCE.

One chest of Tcach's money, at least, is certainly known to be in
existence. It is lying in the sand at the mouth of Symon's Creek,
Teach's old home'; is a square, iron-bound chest, and exceedingly

BLACKBEARD, THE CORSAIR OF CAROLINA. 115

heavy. It has been often seen at low tide, and tradition has always
pointed to it as the resting place of large piratical wealth. Many
efforts have been made to secure it ; vessels have stayed on the spot
three weeks at a time; but heaven and hell here always work together
against human efforts. The wind begins to blow, the tide rises, the
sky grows dark and dense, thunder roars, lightnings flash, and imps,
hobgoblins and disembodied souls of the damned come howling and
shrieking around. Ropes have even been put around the chest and
one end lifted from the sand, but the end is invariably the same : the
would-be captors are driven from their prey by direful and subterres-
trial agencies.

In these days of whitewashing and rewriting of characters, many a
man famous for his evil deeds has been proven to be no monster at
all. Judas Iscariot was an enthusiast, and Henry VIII a gentleman
and scholar, and poor Captain Kidd has been relegated to the domain
of semi-respectable people at least ; but not so with Blackbeard ; he
still remains a ranting, roaring, swaggering, swearing pirate, towering
high above his brethren of the craft, like some tall mountain peak, in
the solitude of his grandeur.

V

" He left a Corsair's name for other times,
Linked with one virtue and a thousand crimes."

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Abbott, John S. C, Capt. Kidd and others of the Pirates and Buccaneers. i2mo. New-
York.

Campbell, Charles, The Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia. 8vo. Philadelphia,
i860.

Graha.me, James, LL. D., Colonial History of the United States. 2 vols., 8vo. Phila-
delphia, 1846.

Hargrave, Francis, State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason. 11 vols., large 4to.
London, 1777.

Hawks, Francis L., D. D., LL. D., History of North Carolina, 1584-1729. 2 vols., 8vo.
Fayetteville, i857-'s8.

Hewit, Dr., Historical Account of South Carolina and Georgia. 8vo. London, 1779.
(In Carroll's Collections.)

Howison, Robert R., History of Virginia. 2 vols., 8vo. Philadelphia, J846.

Johnson, Charles, Lives and Actions of Most Noted Highwaymen, Street-robbers and
Pirates. i2mo. London, 1839.

Magazine of American History, note on Teach's death in number for September, 1878.

n6 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Martin, Francis Xavier, LL. D., History of North Carolina. 2 vols., 8vo. New
Orleans, 1829.

Mooke, John W., History of North Carolina. 2 vols., 8vo. Raleigh, 1880.

Pyle, Howard, Buccaneers and Marooners of the Spanish Main, Harper's Magazine,
August and Sep:ember, 1887.

Saunders, Wm. L., Editor, Colonial Records of North Carolina. 6 vols., 4to. Raleigh,
1886-88.

Spotswood, Alexander, Official Letters of, now just printed with Introduction and Notes
by R. A. Brock. 2 vols., 8vo. Richmond, iS82-'8s. (Parts relating to North Carolina
reprinted in Colonial Records of North Carolina.)

Wheeler, John Hill, Historical Sketches of North Carolina, 1584-1851. 8vo. Philadel-
phia, 185 r.

Williamson, Hugh, LL. D., History of North Carolina. 2 vols., 8vo. Phila'a, 1812.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. XII.

THE COLLEGE TUTOR.

Among the regulations that long prevailed in our Universities, was
one that seems to have been a relic of monastic days. It was the
setting apart a class of men among the officials, who were condemned
to be celibates as long as they retained their office. The Fellowships
of the English Universities are still under this law, and in this country,
where all things were modeled from the beginning after the ways of
the father-land, the College Tutors were forbidden to marry.

And it is plain why. The monastic notion of isolating a large body
of scholarly young men in buildings erected for the purpose, where they
were required to sleep and eat and spend their time, and were sup-
posed to be more favorably situated for study and moral and intellec-
tual improvement than if they lived among other men — this system
necessitated the creation of a body of officials whose duty it should be
to maintain law and order in the buildings.

Our College Tutors in the early days, were expected to room in col-
lege, to live among the students, and to be on hand there day and
night, and to play the part of a detective police. It was not a pleasant
position for a young man, and our records show that a year or two

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 117

was the average length of a Tutor's stay. Rev. Dr. Phillips, who is
the best authority now living for information about the early days of
the University, tells me that in sixty-eight years they had sixty-
eight successive Tutors.

There was something ridiculous attached to the terms of the office.
No young man likes to go about ticketed " forbidden to marry." And
time has shown that the seclusion of a cloister is not especially favora-
ble to the improvement of either morals or manners, however it may
advantage a man's scholarship.

Besides, North Carolina took care that no temptations should as-
sail these young color-bearers or chain carriers of hers, in the field of
letters, such as might arise from too luxurious living. She doled out
their pay with no liberal hand, and what with the restrictions, and
what with the slender emolument, and what with the unpleasantness
of the office, and what with the sort of contempt that inevitably fell
upon him who was found willing to grow old in a position made so
studiously inferior, the bright young fellows who might have stayed on
and formed in time a strong battalion in the cause of science, fled one
by one to other ambitions and interests.

Our Tutors were always chosen from our alumni and were the
honor-men of their classes, and most of them became distinguished
in their various vocations in after life. An interesting and valuable
paper might be made concerning them, and I commend the enterprise
of writing up their biographies to some of our young book-makers.

Applying to Dr. Phillips for some of the traditions, or his own
recollections of this department of former days in Chapel Hill, he kindly
made out a list of the best known of these University "Fellows,"
some of whom I gladly present here, with such comments and side-
lights as are in my power.

Archibald DeB. Murphy leads off in the procession. Tutor, 1798-
1800, and afterwards Professor of Languages for a short time. He
turned to the law, and became a Judge of our Superior Court and a
Trustee of the University. He was a man of brains, a fine writer ;
something of a schemer in a visionary way. He thought, for instance,
that a seaport might be made of Haywood, on Deep River. A nota-
ble man in his day.

Gavin Hogg, 1808. Became a prominent lawyer and amassed a
fortune.

n8 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Hon. Lewis Williams, i8io-'i2. Entered political life ; in Congress
for many years, and known as the " Father of the House." A Trustee,
and distinguished for good judgment and common sense.

Rev. Dr. Wm. Hooper, D. D., LL. D., 1810. Professor of Ancient
Languages here and in Columbia, South Carolina. President of Wake
Forest College. A fine scholar, writer, preacher; of wide culture and
refined literary taste.

Hon. John M. Morehead, 1817. Became a prominent man in law,
politics and business. Trustee. Governor of North Carolina. First
•President North Carolina Central Railroad. Cotton manufacturer.
Popular, wealthy, influential.

Hon; W. D. Moseley, 1817-18. Went to Florida and became the
first Governor of that State. Highly esteemed.

Hamilton C. Jones, 18 18. A popular and noted lawyer and editor.
Man of wit and genius.

James H. Otey, i820-'2i. Became Episcopal Bishop of Tennessee.
Notable and useful in that communion. His name still echoes here
in " Otey s Retreat" on Morgan Creek.

Hon. Anderson Mitchell, 182 [-'23. Member of Congress, lawyer, and
Judge in Superior Court ; an upright man.

Rev. Jos. H. Saunders, 1821— '25. Became a minister in the Epis-
copal Church. Died in Florida while doing his duty by his people
during a season of yellow fever; useful and beloved. Father of our
present Secretary of State.

Hon. M. E. Manly, 1825-26. Lawyer, and Judge in our Superior
and Supreme Courts.

Edward D. Sims, i825~'27. Afterwards Professor in Randolph-
Macon College.

Rev. Thompson Bird, 1 829— '3 1 . An esteemed and useful minister
of the Presbyterian Church. Went West and grew rich from purchase
of lands at Fort Des Moines, before the Fort became a city.

John DeB. Hooper, 1 83 1— '33. Professor in the University ; after-
wards teacher in various towns in the State, and re-elected professor
here on the resuscitation of the institution in 1875; a fine scholar, of
elegant literary culture.

Hon. Jacob Thompson, 183 1 — 33- Entered political life; Congress-
man for a number of years; Secretary of War for the Confederacy.
Went West and died a rich man. His public career severely criticised.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 119

Giles Mebane, 1832-33. Lawyer, legislator, farmer; an excellent
citizen. I believe he is still living.

Abraham F. Morehead, 1835. Died early ; a young man of genius
and great promise.

Wm. H. Owen, 1835— '43. Left to become Professor in Wake For-
est. I remember this gentleman as one of the friends of my early
youth. He remained a Tutor long enough to acquire old bachelor
tastes and habits and never married. He was an excellent son and
brother to a widowed mother and four or five sisters. A good scholar
and a good man.

R. H. Graves, i837-'43. Left to accept Professorship in Caldwell
Institute. Became a prominent teacher in the State. His specialty
was mathematics, but he was of good general culture, a most useful
and excellent character. Father of our present Professor Graves.

Rev. Dr. Charles Phillips, D. D., LL. D., 1844-53. Afterwards
Professor of Mathematics here and at Davidson College. Re-elected
to his old chair upon the revival of the University in 1875. This gentle-
man recalls yet with triumph that he was the first to break the record
as to the marriage of a college Tutor. He had the temerity to take a
wife, in the face of all precedent and authority. His insubordination
was winked at and allowed, and thenceforward the ban was removed,
and a married Tutor living in the village, like other gentlemen, was no
longer thought impossible.

Hon. K. P. Battle, LL. D., i850-'54. Became a leading lawyer;
Treasurer of North Carolina ; President of railroad ; President of Uni-
versity, 1876: and long may he remain.

R. H. Battle, 1854-58. Prominent and successful lawyer. Chair-
man State Democratic Committee.

Hon. John W. Graham, i857~'6o. Leading lawyer.

Thad. C. Coleman, 1856— '58. Civil engineer.

Wm. L. Alexander, i857-'6o. Killed in the war.

Robert W. Anderson, 1858-61. Killed in battle.

Wm. C. Dowd, 1858— '59. Fine promise. Died early.

E. G. Morrow, 1859-60. Killed at Gettysburg.

Fred. A. Fetter, 1859— '6r. Went through the war. Teacher since.

Geo. P. Bryan, 1860-61. Killed in the war.

Geo. B. Johnston, i86o-'64. A descendant of our Colonial Gov-
ernor, Gab. Johnston. Died a soldier.

120 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Iowa Royster, i86o-'64. Killed at Gettysburg. A fine fellow;
most promising. Killed as he was leading his company into action,
singing " Dixie."

The University was closed in 1868 by order of Governor Holden.
The office of Tutor, or, at any rate, the name, has, I believe, been
unknown here since the revival.

It will be seen from the above, that of the eight who were Tutors
here at or about the beginning of the war, all volunteered in the ser-
vice of the Confederacy, and seven laid down their young lives for the
cause.

I remember George B. Johnston's sad fate with peculiar interest.
He had just married a daughter of Dr. Charles Johnson, of Raleigh,
and the young pair were established in the house now occupied by
Mr. H. H. Patterson. I saw them in i860 returning their bridal calls,
so happy, so buoyant. When I returned from Alabama in the winter
of i86i-'62, he was in the army, and the wife and baby were waiting,
as many another wife and baby throughout the land waited in those
sad days. He came once or twice to see them. Then the baby died.
Then he came home to die of disease contracted in camp, result of a
wound. He lingered a month or two. Then the young widow re-
turned to her father's house, and soon we heard that she and a second
baby were both gone. And so ended that little story, that had opened
so charmingly.

I was present accidentally at the unpacking of a box in a neighbor's
house that had been forwarded from Lee's army, and contained various
articles belonging to various Chapel Hill soldiers, now sent home to
their friends. Some of the things had been George Johnston's, and
among them was a baby's blue silk shoe. None of us who were present
had ever spoken to George Johnston, but as we tenderly lifted these
things out, there were some tears shed over that blue shoe.

These young men, as before said, were all honor-men. They were, of
course, chosen for their character, ability and proficiency in their several
departments. As the number of students increased, the number of
the Faculty kept pace, and the Tutors had their several specialties.
For more than fifty years a Tutor was expected to hold himself in
readiness to teach anything demanded, to supplement any depart-
ment. Latterly, this absurdity disappeared, with others, and we had
Tutors in all the various branches of science and of language. Their

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 121

position gradually rose to a higher level. There was less of the
detective required from them. Their opinions were asked and re-
spected, and their merits were recognized.

In the list before me are many ministers of the church, men whose
names are yet revered in their various denominations. Time and space
forbid to enumerate them all. It is notable how few became Professors
at their alma mater.

There was a third class of teachers employed from time to time who
were called Instructors, being neither Tutors nor Professors, nor having
even the dignity that doth hedge a teacher who has a share in the
disciplinary department. They were neither fish, flesh, fowl nor good
red herring, and kept themselves pretty much to themselves. These
were the teachers of French and modern languages generally; they
were commonly Frenchmen, and must have had an unhappy time of it.
They could seldom learn to pronounce the names of their pupils, and t ,
their calling the class-roll was irresistibly comic. Of course, it became
the rule when Atkins was called, for Jones to jump up and pretend
it was he who was meant. One of them appealed to the President for
protection. He said that the young gentlemen did shoot little black ^
balls at him continually. On inquiry, these were found to be chinca-
pins skillfully directed from all parts of the recitation room. Some
of these teachers were gentlemen, and some were not. Their stay
was always brief.

One of the first of these foreigners was a M. Bourgevin, who came
here from New Bern. I remember him more especially, as he had a
room at Dr. Mitchell's and undertook the instruction in French of •
my father's and Dr. Mitchell's children. He took a good deal of pains
with us, which we repaid by laughing at him without stint. I think
our lessons, given in Dr. M.'s parlor, lasted only one winter. My
brothers used to draw me thither over the snow in a little sled they
had made, and I was as proud of going to say a French lesson as ever
Miss Morleena Kenwigs could have been.

The most accomplished Frenchman we have had here was a M.
Marey, who was really a gentleman, a highly educated, well-bred and
handsome man. Among other accomplishments, he was a fine draughts-
man and painted well in water-colors. I was one of a class to whom
he taught drawing, and recall him to this day with affection. He
made a sad end.

122 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

North Carolina young people in those days had a good deal to learn
on the subject of " manners." To laugh at a foreigner to his face, to
treat him with obvious disrespect and inattention, was considered
allowable. Even teachers "native and to the manor born," found it
hard at times to enforce order in their recitation rooms, and were fre-
quently (especially if at all unpopular), subjected to indignities outside
of them.

We have improved within thirty years. What would be thought
in college now of the student who should throw a shower of stones
through the window of a teacher's room at night? Imagine such a
thing! Yet it was done here in the "forties" over and over again,
and neither law nor gospel, nor that awful tribunal, public opinion,
availed to put down or to punish the atrocity.

The last foreigner employed by the University was a M. Herisse, a
very handsome, well-varnished and alert member of the Gallic nation.
He left a year or two before the war, and has since become a man of
some note in the literary and political world of Paris.

Peace be with the memories of all those unhappy gentlemen of
France, who thought to instill some sense of the elegancies of their
language into the average North Carolina youthful mind, — and failed.
What barbarians they must have thought us.

After the melancholy end of M. Marey, it was judged best for a
time to employ an American teacher of French ; and a young gentle-
man from New Bern, who had the unusual distinction, as it was felt to
be in those days, of having spent a year in Paris, was elected to that post.
This was Mr. Jno. J. Roberts, who afterwards became a useful and es-
teemed minister of the Episcopal Church. He filled his place here
well, I believe. My chief recollections of him areassociated altogether
with his courtship of and marriage to a very beautiful young widow
then living in Chapel Hill. She was a sister of Prof. J. DeB. Hooper,
and widow of Rev. Daniel Cobia, of Charleston, S. C. She possessed a
remarkable share of the beauty and the intellect of that branch of the
Hooper family. 1 don't know that in all my life I have seen a more
strikingly beautiful woman. Something of the French blood of the
De Bernieres showed in her brilliant dark eyes and hair. Her com-
plexion was dazzling; she had been to Cuba and wore her magnificent
crown of hair in the Spanish fashion. She sang to the guitar with a
thrilling voice ; in conversation she could be eloquent and was fasci-

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 123

nating ; her air and manner, her very walk, were full of expression,
grace, magnetism.

That Mr. Roberts who had travelled — and with what awe we all
looked in those simple days upon a man who had actually been to
Paris — should fall a victim to such charms, was the proper thing of
course. We felt that it was appropriate, and we took the keenest in-
terest in the romance as it unfolded, and in the wedding. I believe
it was the influence of Mrs. Roberts that led him to resign his place
here and study for the ministry, as he soon did. She lived but a few
years after their marriage.

One is always glad to have known at least one very beautiful woman.
Few can say they have known several ; women who in any assembly
would have been singled out, who might have challenged and would have
stood the severest criticism. How tenderly we touch our memories of
these favorites of nature when they are gone.

Their beauty gave so much and such innocent pleasure; and it
shone on all alike. There is something of "the pathetic light of set-
ting suns " round each fair head as we turn to salute them once more.
Adieu ! and yet again, Adieu !

In the earliest years of the University, there was a still lower deep
than that assigned to Tutors and Instructors, namely: the "Prep." ■*
department, a sort of nursery for the college, rendered necessary by
the absolute want of schools throughout the State. The gentlemen
who taught in this, must have had a more independent, and therefore
a more comfortable, position than the Tutors. It is better to be first
in the village than second or third in the University.

In Dr. Hooper's admirable alumni address, " Fifty Years Since," he
photographs one of the Prep, teachers of the year i8o4-'5 :

" Mr. Troy was given to the grandiloquent style. On one occasion,
Miss Hay, who was the belle of the day, and was afterwards Judge
Gaston's first wife, was visiting the Dialectic library. You may judge
of the tumult that was excited by such a visitation, and how many
frightened boys ran to the neighboring rooms and shut the doors, all
but a small crack to peep through. On this memorable occasion,
Troy had fixed himself in a corner of the room whence he could con-
template the beautiful apparition in silent ecstacy. After the lady
was gone, the Librarian called him out of his trance and said : ' Well,
Troy, what do you think of her?' ' O, she's enough to melt the

124 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

frigidity of a stoic, and excite rapture in the breast of a hermit.' To
which he might have added :

'And like another Helen, has fired another Troy.'

"A man who could talk in that way appeared to me, in those days,
to have reached the top of Parnassus."

This paper began among the bachelors (of more or less Art), and
is about to end with a dream of fair women. The transition is per-
fectly natural and easy, for these two topics stand side by side in the
eternal fitness of things. C. P. SPENCER.

MARGARET OF ANJOU.

Who can contemplate the character of Margaret of Anjou, without
being moved to pity ? Her heroic fight against destiny, the terror and
the gloom of her fall, present a sublimely tragic picture which must
always rouse the deepest emotion in the heart of the beholder. And
yet when we pity Margaret, it is not for her failure that we feel dis-
tress, so much as that she was what she was. There is so much misery
in store for every woman who is not a woman in the true sense. Per-
sons like Margaret are not destined to enjoy the sunny side of life :
they have none in their own character. Had she succeeded in her
wild career, there would yet have been a grim melancholy crowning
her success. If we analyze our feelings, we find, then, that our sym-
pathy for Margaret is bestowed upon her as a misguided woman of
perverted character. For the rest, her failure, her sorrows, her broken
heart, only suggest the frailty of humanity, and the awful thought of
her soul — a soul has no sex — how it must have perished !

Margaret of Anjou was the daughter of that strange old Provencal,
King Ren6, who stands out in such pleasing and marked contrast
from the number of his compeers in those wild and troublous times.
Fierce strife surrounded the mild, inoffensive man at the very time
when the young Margaret was acquiring a most wide-spread reputa-
tion for the beauty of her person, the charm of her manners and the
very high order of her attainments. Indeed, his little kingdom was
occupied and fast held by English troops, so that there remained

MARGARET OF ANJOU. 125

scarcely a town or castle in the King's possession, and he became
reduced to a state of penury, the very opposite of what was fit for
one of his rank, titles and ancient name. Rene, however, was by
birth a poet, by nature a philosopher ; and the madness, which in the
daughter led to insatiable ambition and thirst for power, took, in the
father, the harmless direction of love of minstrelsy and wine. Pos-
sessed of some musical talent, and a devoted admirer of la belle seance,
there was no time in his life when he did not prefer composing an air
for the violin to obeying the trump of war, and singing the deeds of
mighty warriors to performing them himself. It is evidently not from
her father, whom the most painful circumstances, the worst strokes of
ill fortune, seemed never to affect if he could but gather around him a
gay party of troubadours, but from her high-born, high-minded mother,
that Margaret derived those qualities for which she is chiefly famous.
Though the preliminaries for her ill-fated marriage with the King of
England had all the appearances of a true love affair — at least on
Henry's part — it was, for all that, a matter in which the diplomatists
of the day did not fail to take a deep interest and seek a part, advo-
cating or opposing it. To the King of France, the event was highly
advantageous, and as such he eagerly sought to promote it ; but the
interests of the parties in England were sharply divided. In spite of
hearty opposition from many sources, Henry VI celebrated his marriage
with Margaret by proxy, in November, 1444, when the lady was yet at the
tender age of fifteen years. From the date of her becoming a member
of the royal family, commences a chapter in English history never
equalled before or since for the strange and horrible way it reads.
How unspeakable the crimes of that reign, disturbed by so many
rival factions, broken by the interposition of so many strange fates,
dishonored by such heartless butcheries and wholesale slaughter. The
country was nominally under the government of Henry VI, at once
the most besotted and the kindest monarch that ever sat upon the
throne ; but, in reality, Margaret reigned. To do this, she had both
the will and the ability. Her hand was strong to guide the ship of
state and hold the helm amidst the battling waves of party strife,
when her sisters never rose above the demure level of virtuous
embroiderers and weavers of tapestry, or fell lower than the depth of
degradation engendered by wandering from the path of honor.

With each fresh indication of incapacity on the part of the Lancas-

126 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

trian head, the rival claims of the Duke of York to the throne grew
in importance. He had, too, among his ranks those who were already
embittered against the Queen, by her arrogant conduct and the force
and resoluteness of her will. It was not long before the birth of his
son, that the King was seized by a fit of insanity, which utterly pre-
cluded the possibility of his having any share in the affairs of state,
and his royal duties devolved upon Margaret. As soon as he began
to show signs of recovery, Margaret took most prompt measures to
have him restored to power, and this was so noxious to the prospects
of the Duke of York, who had in the interim been Lord Protector,
that he retired to the West of England and raised an army with which
to take London and assert his claims. With that began the Wars of
the Roses, which covered a period of thirty years. Ere it was con-
cluded, eighty princes of royal blood had fallen, and most of the
nobility of England became obliterated forever. Now red and white
roses are sported as cockades by Lancastrians and Yorkists, respect-
ively, and everywhere bloody frays are of daily occurrence, and every-
where the battle-cry resounds. All the horrors of a civil war filled and
desolated the country. Though treaties and agreements were con-
tinually made, the feud still lasted, while battle succeeded battle and
the gulf between the two parties continued to widen and deepen.
First, St. Alban's, then Blore-Heath, Northampton, and Wakefield.
Picture to yourself here, Margaret as the Amazon commanding the
Lancastrian forces in person, ordering all their movements and watch-
ing the battle with all the determination, courage and coolness of a
general. When the battle had at length ended in her favor, she ordered
the head of the Duke of York, who had just fallen, to be wreathed
with a crown of paper flowers and impaled upon the gates of York !
She becomes from now on the chief motor, the chief director in her
party; her foresight and knowledge of affairs are almost beyond be-
lief. In the full enjoyment of her victory at Wakefield, her army
elated by its success, her friends aroused and encouraged, she pushes
her way on to London in the hope of securing its partisanship. The
son of the Duke succeeds to the leadership of the Yorkists at his
father's death. He is described as a youth in every way possessing
those qualities calculated to win the hearts of the people, and secure
for himself their favor and support.

As the struggle waxes fiercer, more difficult, more terrible, the

MARGARET OF ANJOU. 127

Queen's wonderful powers seem to increase ; her efforts are redoubled ;
she strives with more than masculine energy for the success of her en-
terprise. Though she had great magnetic influence on those who
came near her, to those who could not see her and feel her presence,
her actions spoke with warning. By her ruthless conduct in ex-
ecuting prisoners, and by permitting her soldiers to plunder and
pillage the land, she prejudiced many against her and decided the vote
of the citizens of London, who forsook her, and chose Edward king.
Now the disasters of the house of Lancaster are full upon it. With
every succeeding struggle the queen's character becomes more mani-
fest, and we are better able to understand and appreciate Shakes-
peare's admirable rendering of it. Henceforth, till his death, Henry
disappears from sight and takes no part in public affairs, but is hustled
about by Margaret from one place of concealment to another till his
final capture and imprisonment, while many are the insults and deg-
radations he endured. Twice Margaret takes flight into Scotland, suf-
fering privations and humiliation's of every kind ; twice she seeks in
France fresh troops and more money for her enterprise. With the
waning of her cause, this indefatigable woman redoubled her activity,
and strove with all the energy of which she was capable to strengthen
it and raise the now drooping spirits of her supporters. At last, such
was her extremity that she was compelled to compromise with the
Duke of Warwick, her bitter enemy of so many years standing, though
her whole nature must have revolted at such a humiliating overture.
She had long been making others humble themselves and endure ig-
nominy and self-reproach in her service, and now for the execution of
her plans she herself becomes humbled — yea, unto the dust. So bitter,
indeed, was her hatred for Warwick that fifteen days in which she
struggled continuously with her pride and dislike, passed ere she suc-
ceeded in overcoming her prejudice to an alliance which was yet her
last chance forever. Upon this last venture all their force was ex-
pended and the Queen and her friends entertained great hopes of its
success, but all was forever lost on that fatal field to which she alludes
with such bitter regret in the play, Tewkesbury. Here fell the lovely
boy whom she called "the gallant, springing Plantagenet," and all
was Over. She herself was taken prisoner and carried to the tower
and while there the remains of her husband, Henry VI, who for some

128 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

time had been an inhabitant of that dread abode, were borne to
their last resting place at Chertsey.

Old King Rene, though free from all ambition and desire for vast
territories, was not devoid of affection for his daughter, and he exerted
himself so much to procure her liberation, that at last with the aid of
Louis XI, he succeeded in ransoming her for the sum of 50,000 crowns.

The remaining years of her life were passed in a convent in the ut-
most seclusion, having laid aside forever the role of high-tragedy
Queen. What bitter unpalatable food she must have had for reflection
in the events of her past life ; what terrible scenes on which to have
her mind rest. Still it is not to be supposed, from the spectacle of her
character afforded by her former actions', that the grief which possessed
her soul in her deep retirement, was for the injuries she had done to
others, or for the misery she had inflicted upon her people by the
intestine wars which she had commenced and so heartily prolonged at
every cost ; on the contrary, we fancy her brooding with bitter enven-
omed heart over the lost cause upon which had been expended all her
powers of mind and body ; still burning with hatred for her enemies
and taking a morbid pleasure in recalling all her woes and pondering
upon the cruelty of her fate. To suppose that Margaret of Anjou
lost hope, even in her last years, is to do her memory and the faithfulness
of history injustice, for it is certain that while she transferred her
hopes for success from herself to the Earl 01 Richmond, she never
doubted that her sympathizers would win and her great enemy, the
house of York, be crushed. Nor did her expectations fail to be veri-
fied, as we see in the play under consideration. Her death occurred
in 1480.

The bare facts of her life are the best commentary on her character.
She was of a kinglj- race, and had the blood of kings. She had the courage
of an Amazon and the ambition of the great First Consul himself, while
at heart she was not less cruel than the most ruffianly soldier of her
age. Alas ! that her life was not only a signal failure, but that its record
shouldhave been blackened by so many crimes and marred by the evil
fruitage of freaks of unrestrained passion and undying hate. It is even
recorded that to her other faults she added that of unfaithfulness to
her husband. Certainly, rumors to that effect were numerous in her
own day, and statements have survived in reliable histories which com-
promise her honor. Agnes Strickland, in her biography of this prin-

MARGARET OF ANJOU. 129

cess, refutes with indignation any imputation against her honor, and
goes so far as to maintain that the Queen' entertained for Henry
feelings of highest regard and devotion. Margaret's care for his wel-
fare was indeed most assiduous, but this was more than anything else,
due to the fact that he was the chief link that connected her with the
English throne, and that while he lived she could be regent and en-
deavor to establish the royal power on a firm basis till her boy should
receive the sceptre from her hands. Is it consistent with our other
ideas and information about her, to suppose that she could really
bestow her affections upon the King who by nature and by his training
was only fitted for a secondary place ; to expostulate rather than to
command ? Margaret and the King present a contrast as marked as
it is painful to observe. Such qualities as each possessed, each had
in a marked degree. While Margaret was all fire and temper, her
spouse was mild and calm. She had a strong and virile mind, his was
weak and foolish ; one was firm and unyielding, the other as shifting
as a quicksand ; one quiet, contemplative, peaceful, the other active
lively and pugnacious ; one mild and kind, the other fierce and cruel.
Miss Strickland, with a desire to make her heroines appear as virtuous
as Victoria, sees facts with the pitying eyes of a woman, rather than
with the impartial view fitting a historian. One womanly instinct she
did indeed possess, a mother's love, and Shakespeare very rightly
makes her lament her son's death in unequivocal terms.

Margaret's appearance in this play is not warranted by history. In
reality, she died a year before the events of the first act, so that it was
a bold stroke for the author to introduce so palpable a mistake and
seeming fault. It is remarkable that Scott likewise takes the liberty
of making the facts suit himself in connection with the history of this
personage, for in " Anne of Geierstein " he gives an account of her
death, making it precede that of Rene, who, in reality, was the first
to depart. Scott and Shakespeare differ somewhat in their treatment.
Scott shows a truly admirable tenderness of heart towards the memory
of this ill-fated woman, and writes of the soft and sunny side of her na-
ture, as though she really possessed such. We see her first weeping in the
Cathedral of Strasburg ; regretting the losses her followers have suf-
fered, and lamenting her inability to repay them. She admits on that
occasion with faltering voice : " I am no longer the same firm and
rational being." It is sweet to see how tenderly, how considerately,

130 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

she treats young Arthur Philipson, who had been the playmate of
her lovely boy, and who brought back to her mind more vividly than
ever the memory of what she had lost. Here, and in other places,
then, we catch a glimpse of a better nature, but so hidden amid selfish
cares as rarely to come to view. What could be meaner or baser than
the spirit in which she persuaded her infatuated, doting father into
signing away his kingdom to Burgundy, that she may have the means
supplied for another attempt on England? Still, Scott portrays her
in a cheerful and more pleasing light, calculated to arouse in the reader
pity and admiration. She is the queen of a novel, and partakes of
the more tranquil and quiet nature of narrative. Shakespeare's queen
is the queen upon the stage :' savage, bitter, terrible to see and hear.
The former gives us a more natural picture ; she is an easier concep-
tion of good and bad mixed. But with Shakespeare it is different. His
character sketch is drawn in the boldest lines : Margaret stands out with
every evil trait conspicuous, and partakes of the action of the drama.
Here the conception is more difficult : she presents the terrible result
of a man's nature in a woman's body. Not always so bad, so arro-
gant, so resentful, but grown so with the whirling rush of years. His
is the strongest picture ; his makes the saddest impression. Behold !
deprived of every hope ; hemmed in by physical and moral barriers,
which force inaction upon her, she resorts to her last — but, being a
woman, by no means least — weapon, her tongue. Still, she claims the
respect due a monarch, and with the voice of authority, which had
long since ceased to enforce obedience, demands the most deferential
and honorable treatment. Such was her boldness, such her tenacity.
In Scott, she longs for revenge upon her enemies, and then, for herself,
the grave. In the play, she intimates a great scorn for death, and
prays that it may be averted from her enemies till by their crimes they
are ripe for eternal damnation, and that when death comes, it may be
as quick as a stroke of the headsman's axe to light upon their impeni-
tent heads.

Why did Shakespeare introduce Margaret into the play of Richard
III, when by so doing he had to sacrifice truth? Because he
saw in her a means of exercising with effect his great and subtle
power. He did not do this merely for the presence of a ranting
old woman upon the boards, or for the mere impression that a
fine actor could produce with that character, but he saw a chance

MARGARET OF ANJOU. 131

to combine ocular and scenic effect with conveying something
of a moral, teaching a lesson and enforcing greater truths than those
he violated. Margaret's presence in Richard III is required for the
unity of conception and execution of the several historical dramas
which treat this particular period in history. In the play of Henry
VI, she is to be contrasted with her husband. Here she offsets Richard.
They are two companion pieces, and truly, if she did not equal him in
the number of cruel butcheries she committed, she rivals him in her
power of uttering bitter imprecation and foul curses. Whether com-
pared with Henry or Richard, she appears to equal disadvantage.
We despise the simple King's weakness, but are overcome with disgust
at Margaret's overweening strength. According to what seems to be
the modern standard of virtue, which allows a man to be worse than
a woman and yet retain his good name, we could almost declare
Margaret's offences greater than those of Richard himself. The poet
paints in her the demoralization of her age, and nothing could be
more happy than choosing a woman's character in which to do so, for
verily that age is truly vile which produces wicked women.

In the first scene in which she appears, she utters a fearful maledic-
tion against those around and invokes heaven's direst curse upon them.
Her words at once suggest to the reader the lamentable events which
have already occurred, and seem to form an awful introduction to
what follows. That solemn warning rang in vain in Richard's ears, so
determined in his evil ways, so hardened to humane feelings was he.
In the next scene, she has the savage pleasure of seeing prophecies
partially realized, and detailing her losses one by one, matches them
with those of Elizabeth, against whom her chief resentment is now
directed.

The critic Ulrici says that Margaret represents the horror of the
past ; Edward IV and Clarence the gloom of the present, and the chil-
dren of Edward and Clarence hopes of a better future, which, how-
ever, cannot be realized, inasmuch as they are offshoots of a race
burdened with the curse of the past. Truly that past was horrible,
and we seem to hear the piteous wail of many a bereaved mother and
wife, lamenting loved ones lost, as the loved of Margaret had been.

The reader who knows that Margaret died before the time when
these scenes are laid, experiences a sensation of awe when she appears
as alive once more. She is seen among the living when, in reality, she

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THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

is already undergoing the sentence of condemnation. We feel as
though there was something supernatural in her reappearance from
amidst the dead, with a curse upon her lips for those chief causes of her
woe. Verily, though her body had been laid away for its long rest,
her spirit was present in their midst. Could any of the actors in those
bloody scenes of former years forget her? Who doubts that when
Edward IV died, his widow reflected upon the loss her rival had also
sustained, or that when her lovely babes were so ruthlessly slain, she
failed to think of Margaret's child? She doubtless remembered, too,
that the anger of heaven was said, in Scripture, to descend unto the
third and fourth generations of them that broke its laws.

J. S. Taylor.

THE MOCKING-BIRD.

The exultant warbler near his nest does sing,
And mocks the other birds the livelong day.
On fluttering wing he rises with his lay,
And with it falls, and makes the echoes ring.
O tuneful bird, of joy melodious thing,
Trembling, laughing forth thy heart of May,
With wistful thought I, wearied by the way,
Sigh out a wish for thy light sprite and wing.
Of lark's, of nightingale's, of cuckoo's note
The praise let other bards in verse prolong, —
Our pride in thee, from whose delicious throat
A sweet confusion pours the breeze along,
Sweet poet of the South, as thou dost float
On summer airs, the epitome of song.

R. L. Uzzell.

EDITOR'S DESK.

133

Editor's Desk.

We present this month a steel engraving
of the present Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court of this State, Hon. Wm. N. H. Smith.
We are sure that our readers will welcome
the engraving with much heartiness. During
the coming Spring, we shall present other
engravings of distinguished North Carolin-
ians, among them General Bryan Grimes,
who was one of Carolina's most gallant sol-
diers in the late war, and Judge R. P. Dick,
the able jurist who now holds the position of
U. S. District Judge for the Western District
of North Carolina.

The Shakespeare Club Library. — It is

a thing to be regretted that the Shakespeare
Club has not a great fund to draw from, for so
anxious is it to promote a study of Shake-
spearean literature, that, were it able, it would
present each member with not only a com-
plete set of Rolfe's edition, but also of the
Harvard edition, and all books relating to
the subject, such as Dowden's Mind and Art,
Hudson's Life, Art and Character, Shake-
speare as a Physician, Furness's editions, etc.
But being dependent for its fund upon us
(and some of us do not pay very promptly, as
a former Treasurer testifies), it has with diffi-
culty started a Library of Shakespearean Lit-
erature, which is beginning to do very nicely,
and if every one will heed a suggestion we
are going to make, will surely be of great
service. It hopes in this way to furnish
every one with access to the works mentioned
as desirable to present to them if it only had
the means. It seems, however, that the
members, or some of them, or some other
persons, are determined to defeat it in its
undertaking, for many of the books have
been taken away and no indication left as to
where they are. Now, it is permissible, we
believe, in an extreme case, to remove
a book from the library if one leaves notice
on the table as to what the the book is, who

has it, and how long it will probably be kept
out. Two days is the furthest limit. The
following books are now gone, and probably
many more: Rolfe's King Richard III,
Love's Labor 's Lost, Henry VI, parts I, II,
III, Measure for Measure, As You Like
It, Tempest; Hudson's Tempest, Antony and
Cleopatra, Henry IV, part II; Harvard
Shakespeare, vol. II; Green's History of
England, vol. I ; Wright's Te?npest.

We would respectfully suggest that they be
returned, and each one consider it a little be-
fore he removes them unlawfully hereafter.

The University Reading Room. — We

desire to call the attention of the Faculty
to the present condition and management of
our Reading Room, or, rather, not to call
their attention to it, for they know it already,
but to give the matter publicity, in the hope
that in this way a change may be effected.

As at present constituted, each of the two
Societies contributes fifty dollars annually
and the University the same amount. A
committee of the Faculty have complete con-
trol, and so we look to the Faculty for redress
of grievances. Under the system now in
vogue, the Reading Room is open all day
every day in the week, and there is no effort
to keep any librarian or other officer there to
prevent mischief. The absence of such
officer gives opportunity to much that ought
not to be. We do not mean that there is
any boisterous conduct, or loud talking, for
there is remarkable freedom from these.

The first great evil is, that the periodicals
are taken out of the room, frequently kept
out for months, and often never returned.
The newspapers, too, are removed almost at
random. Whenever any one wants a paper
for any purpose whatever, he goes to the
Reading Room and gets one without the
slightest compunction. The second great
evil is the mutilation of papers and periodi-

134

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

cals. Some persons, when they see a picture
in an illustrated paper, or an article in a
magazine or paper which amuses or pleases
them, deliberately cut it out, without regard
to the fact that in cutting out one picture, or
one article, they are destroying the value of
two printed pages, and, often, ruining the
whole paper. Under the head of mutilation
we must mention also the outrageous practice
of v. riting comments and remarks on the
magazines. People do net seem to grasp the
idea that the papers are not their private
property. They forget entirely that the
Reading Room is for anybody's benefit but
their own.

Again there are other evils, such as smok-
ing, putting feet on the tables, keeping on
hats, scribbling on the walls, spitting on the
floor, breaking out window-panes. These
are deplorable, they aie offences against the
laws of decency and propriety. But under
the present system there is no strong check
upon them. It is all very well to talk about
public opinion, and the general standard of
honor being sufficient to prevent such things,
but in a case of this kind they will surely be
found too weak, unless they be assisted by
restraint of another sort. The difficulty is
just this, that the boys have gotten to re-
garding the things we have mentioned as
such little things as not to matter, and it is
almost impossible lo get this idea out of their
heads.

We have spoken of the misdemeanors of
the students. Let us turn to the wrongs
chiefly of omission, but also of commission
by the Faculty. First, the room is often not
properly heated. This winter the evil has

been less : because the weather has not been
so cold. Second, the treatment of the pa-
pers. The custom now is, to remove a daily
paper as soon as it is a day or so old, and a
weekly when it has been there a week. This
is a great mistake. The dailies should be
left for at least a week, and the weeklies for
a month. Moreover, there is extreme care-
lessness in the insertion of the illustrated pa-
pers in the holders. The truth is, that the
present holders are not the proper things for
papers which have illustrations extending
over two pages. A broad band over an inch
wide is taken from view right down the
width of the picture. Often it is completely
spoded. Either the leaves should be securely
sewed together, and the paper left loose, or
else a new species of holder should be de-
vised. Other evils are that rickety chairs
are left in the room, the papers are brought
late from the mail, broken panes are left in
the windows, and others of a like character.
For all these evils the remedy is simple :
To keep some one as librarian in the Reading
Room whenever open, and to exercise a little
care in attending to the Koom and its con-
tents in other respects. If the Faculty can-
not afford with the co-operation of the So-
cieties to provide a keeper all day long, then
let the room be kept open only part of the
day, and have a warden who will attend to
his duty, and prevent misconduct of all sorts.
There must be a change. The complaints
are loud and deep, and it is not unlikely that
unless something is done, the Societies at the
expiration of the current year will decline to
renew their subscription. Is this desirable?

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

135

The College World.

Harvard spent $25,000 on its various
athletic organizations last year. — The Cam-
pus.

At Wellesley, (female college), twenty
hours of recitation are required a week. —
Cynic.

At Washington and Lee University
morning prayers in the chapel are conducted
by the students.

The College of Mexico is the oldest
American college, being fifty years older than
Harvard. — Ex.

George Washington was the first person
to receive the degree of LL. D. from Har-
vard. — Pennington Review.

Johns Hopkins publishes seven maga-
zines : one devoted to mathematics, one to
chemistry, one to philology, one to biology, one
to historical and political sciences, and three
of local interest. — Owl.

President Hyde, of Bowdoin, is the
youngest college president in the United
States, while President Fairchild, of Oberlin,
is the oldest. The former is thirty and the
latter ninety. — The Campus.

The expedition which was sent out by the
University of Pennsylvania to enter upon a
systematic search for the site of the cities of
Nineveh and Babylon, has been wrecked in
the ^Egean Sea, near the island of Samos.
The accident will, however, not prevent the
expedition from continuing its investiga-
tion. — Ex.

When Matthew Arnold was at Oxford he
spent all his time coursing foxes, shooting,
and in general, enjoying himself. Four
days before examination, however, he com-
menced to cram, and it is said that he cram-
med unceasingly for four days and nights,
with a huge consumption of wet towels,
strong cigars and hot brandy and water. —
Hesperian.

The Harvard Nine will hereafter be al-
lowed to play practice games with profes-
sionals. — Columbia Spectator.

It is estimated that in England one man
in every 500 gets a college education, and in
this country one in every 200. — Ex.

Campbell, late shortstop on the Harvard
Nine, is said to have been offered a position
with the New Yorks. — Columbia Spectator.

That new departure at Cornell, which
has caused more comment than any recent in-
novation, has passed from a thing of fancy
into an assured fact. We feel no hesitation
in saying that the Cornell School of Journal-
ism has proved a most pronounced success. —
Cornell Era.

The largest University in the world is
Rudolph Albreits, of Vienna. It has 5,22a
students and 285 professors. The richest
University is that of Leyden, in Holland. It
has real estate to the value of $6, 000, 000.
And the oldest is the University of Bologna,
which has celebrated its 800th anniversary. —
Ex.

At Yale, whose students have been wonder-
fully successful in athletics, only 16 per cent,
of the Freshmen smoke. The babyish, vile
and deadly cigarette will, it is to be hoped,
lose its charm for students. It is said that
Edwin Booth replied to a friend, who had
offered him a cigarette : "jNo, I thank you —
I am strong enough to hold a pipe."

The Forum is a periodical of the high-
est class, and always contains articles of
direct interest to college men. By special
arrangements with the publishers, we can
furnish it, with The University Magazine,
for $5 a year, the subscription price of The
Forum alone. In order that our present sub-
scribers may not be at a disadvantage, any
of them wishing to have The Forum can
obtain it by sending us $4.

136

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGES
AND SCHOOLS.

Graham College has decided to change
its home to Mill Point, near Burlington.

Efforts are being made to raise an addi-
tional endowment of $50,000 (or Wake
Forest College.

The question of moving Trinity College
to Raleigh is being seriously considered. A
committee of Raleigh citizens has been ap-
pointed to make proposals to the trustees of
the college.

A Shakspere Club has recently been or-
ganized at Peace Institute, with Prof. C. D.
Mclver as President. It has about thirty
members. Dr. Hume, President of the
University Shakspere Club, is to deliver a
lecture before it soon.

The young ladies of Statesville Female
College have a " Timely Topic Club," which
meets weekly, and the time is spent in dis-
cussing the events of the past week. The
object is to encourage its members in reading
newspapers, and to give them an intelligent
idea of the condition of the world.

During the second week in January the
students of St Mary's enjoyed a series of his.
torical lectures by Prof. A. Trippe, the
well known lecturer. They were on great
events in Europe since 1848, such as the
French coup d'etat of 1852, the Crimean War,
and the War of Italian Independence. He
gave a good sketch of the life and character
of Louis Napoleon. The young ladies must
be making a specialty of history just now :
for we learn that the Senior Reading Class
which meets three times a week, has lately
been studying the ancient Hindu, Assyrian,
Persian and Greek writers.

One of the editors of the Wake Forest
Student took occasion in i:s January num-
ber to exhaust his vocabulary of abuse upon
the editor of the College World Department
of The University Magazine, because the
MAGAZINE had stated the fact that it was
not due to superior playing, but to unfair and
peculiar rules that the Wake Forest team got

the credit of a victory in the game played with
our Soph. Class team, on Thursday of Fair
week. We will make no reply to the person-
alities of the article. {Proverbs, xxvi: 4).
Though he may become "wise in his own
conceit," still this writer does not care to rival
the Senior Editor of the Wake Forest Stu-
dent in his sophomoric style 6f invective, nor
does this Magazine lower itself by lending
its columns to personal abuse.

But, though the event is so old, and the
game of little importance, we do feel called
upon to vindicate what the Magazine has said
in regard to it, and to do justice to our Soph.
Class team, who lost it through no fault of
their playing. We do not know whether
Editor H. A. F. saw the game or not — from
his writing about it we think not, and cer-
tainly not on the team. This writer was
present at both inter-collegiate games at
Raleigh, and wrote the facts about both as he
knew them to be. The newspapers had
already told which side beat. It was our
province to analyze the games, and see where-
in victory consisted each time.

The Magazine made the statement that
" the University boys were better organized,
and played better in running, dodging, kick-
ing and tackling, than the Wake Forest."
The Student admits that they were better or-
ganized, and nowhere in his article of more
than a page and a half, does the Editor deny
any part of this statement, as regards either
running, dodging, kicking or tackling. "Our
team had had a ball only three days," says
the Editor of the Student. We made no
attempt in our account of the game to ex-
plain why the Wake Forest team was inferior
to the University, — perhaps it was not their
fault, — but the fact of their inferiority in
that game remains. Then why was Wake
Forest successful? Owing to rules that were
entirely new to the Chapel Hillians. The
ball could not be thrown; Wnke Forest got
both its goals by punts, from a free kick,
when the ball had been given them by a foul,
ami played men behind the University's goal.
We call these very peculiar rules. Besides,

CLIPPINGS.

137

there were some minor ones about the ball
going in touch, etc., that were different from
the Chapel Hill ways. Certainly, there was
nothing in the playing of the Wake Forest
team to excite " jealousy."

A fair-minded man likes to see merit win,
whoever possesses it, and can admire it in an
opponent. The University team has played
but one game of foot-ball, and was then
beaten fairly, as this Magazine cheerfully
acknowledged. It wished to show that, while
in the game with Trinity merit won, in that
on Thursday of Fair week it did not.

We have no quarrel with Trinity, as the
Editor of the Student asserts, as to who
originated the Intercollegiate Foot-ball move-
ment. If the Senior Editor of the Wake
Forest Student -were, a foot-ball man, he would
know whence came the proposition for a con-

ference. He simply does not know what he
is talking about on this whole subject. The
next time he has to " fill up " the Student's
editorials, let him take a subject which he
can deal with better; try " The New South,"
" The Future of Our Country," or "Beyond
the Alps Lies Italy."

Trinity has a mock Congress. The Ar-
chive says: " It has been thoroughly organ-
ized, and is now ready for work. Those in
the Academic department constitute the
House, and those in the Scientific, the Senate.''

Read the article in the Wake Forest Stu-
dent for January, entitled, •' The Debt I Owe
My Society," by Rev. Thomas Dixon, Jr.
Mr. Dixon is a fine speaker and elocutionist,
and therefore fully competent to give advice
upon the subject.

Clippings.

Evolution.

We sat in cozy confidence,

Myself and fairy Kate,
In the charming little parlor,

Before the glowing grate;
Our theme was evolution,

And laughingly she asked,
" Do you, a man, acknowledge

The highest types were last ? "

" For, if you do," she added,

" You must confess it, then,
That women rank up higher

In scale of life, than men."
My arm stole softly round her waist,

And then with merry laughter,
I proved to her 'twas womankind

That men were always after.

— The Targum

"Say, Sam! When you proposed to Miss
Shekels, did you get down on your knees ?"
" No, old man, I couldn't. She was sitting
on them." — Columbia Spectator,

A Winter's tale — an icicle.— The Muhlen-

De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum.

Some like a hand that's long and slender,
Tipped with pink nails like the sea-side
shell,

And sing its praises so sweetly tender,

In those amorous words poets love so well.

But others, thinking this deceit,
Lay their affections at the shrine

Of her whose hand is plump, petite,
And think that that's the hand divine.

But I to either of these things
Prefer, I speak without a blush,

A moneyed hand, — well, say three kings,
An even full hand or a flush.

— Record.

Sweet but expensive laughter — the laugh-
ter of the sleigh-belle.

Harry (cautiously): " What would y o
Fannie, if I were to kiss you ? "

Fannie: "Nothing. Harry. You could
attend to it, couldn't you?" — The Muhlen-
berg.

138

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Incompleteness.

Kent Dunlap, ( Wellesley.)

Oft, when we watch a queenly day
Walk in the West in her bright array,
In crimson draperies fold on fold.
Scarfs of violet fringed with gold,
Flashing in fire from gems untold,
We think e'en while we lingering gaze,
'Twill be the fairest of all days,
To-morrow.

Or, when a half-blown bud we find
Among the dark leaves intertwined,
With petals opening to disclose
A heart within that deeply glows
With promise of the perfect rose,
We stoop and kiss it lovingly,
Thinking how fair a thing 't will be
To-morrow.

So ever in our human eyes
The fairest just beyond us lies;
With eager gaze we seek to trace
The future's dim and dream-like face,
And miss the present's subtle grace;
We pour the sweet wine out, and think,
Of living waters I shall drink.
To-morrow.

— The Collegian,

She : "I have just read that women feel
where men think."

He: "Yes, that's the reason so many men
are bald." — Columbia Spectator.

Big Brother College Graduate: "Are you
in favor of wool being free of duty?"

Undergraduate (with conditions): " Yes,
and sheep-skins too." — Ex.

The Evening Star.
The East is rosy, prophesying dawn;

Like golden fleece the wind-strewn cloud-
lets are;
The West is barriered with a golden bar;
But soon the glory from the cloud is gone,
From all the sky the golden is withdrawn
To make one quivering drop — the Evening
Star.

Thus into one the beauties of the earth
Do concentrate by subtle alchemy;
I gaze on lake and river, flower and tree,
Of golden sun how well I know the worth,
But all their glories fading bring to birth
One evening star — the face and eyes of
thee.

— The Varsity.

Up in arms — the midnight baby.
A big mistake — marrying a fat girl.
Something new in stockings — a cork
leg. — Ex.

Rondeau.
My love (alas! she is my love

In no possessive sense),
Said: "Sir, I saw you gaze upon

Another maid too tenderly;
Is that all you care for me ?"

(Well, here's a pretty mess!)

Whilst I, with tender gaze and sigh,

Protest my love does never die;
Yet dare not say in repartee:

" How, then, about those young men
three
To whom you fly when each you see,
Is that all ihut you care for me? "
(Alas! she might say "yes ! ")

— The Yale Record.

BOOK REVIEW.

139

Book Review.

Owing to an unusual amount of literary
matter in this number, there is not the room
for book reviews that we should like. But as
the class in Political Science is just begin-
ning the study of Constitutional Law, we
desire now to call their attention especially
to "The Critical Period of American History,
1783-1789," by John Fiske, and to recom-
mend it to the Library Committee. It is
published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Bos-
ton. Crown 8vo. pp. 368. $2.00.

The book throws valuable light on the least
known period of our history, and is written
in such an attractive style, that whoever be-
gins it will read it through.

" I have aimed especially at grouping facts
in such a way as to bring out and emphasize
their causal sequence," says the author in the
preface. He succeeds admirably in this, so
that in imagination we live through the
almost anarchical period of the Confederacy,
and can understand how naturally the Fed-
eral Constitution was evolved.

" Thomas Paine was sadly mistaken when
(1783) he declared that the trying time was
ended. The most trying time of all was just
beginning. It is not too much to say that
the period of five years following the peace
of 1783 was the most critical period in all the
history of the American people. The dangers
from which we were saved in 1788 were even
greater than the dangers from which we were
saved in 1865."

The thirteen independent commonwealths
— independent de facto, if not de jure, of
the Congress as well as of one another, —
with their mutual jealousies and hostilities;
the absolute inability of Congress to enforce
obedience upon States or individuals', and the
great opposition to a stronger government,

clearly justify this statement. Congress was
driven from Philadelphia June 2r, 1783, by
a handful of drunken soldiers. "At one
moment, early in 1782, there was not a single
dollar in the treasury." The only coin was
the clipped and debased foreign coins.

"In the absence of a circulating medium,
there was a reversion to the practice of barter.
Whiskey in North Carolina, tobacco in Vir-
ginia did duty as measures of value; and
Isaiah Thomas, editor of the Worcester Spy,
announced that he would receive subscrip-
tions for his paper in salt pork."

By the short, vivid accounts of the con-
dition of affairs in each State separately, we
can appreciate the compromises that had to
be made to agree upon any Constitution.
Great praise is due to Washington for his
judicious advice at critical moments, and to
Madison and Hamilton for championing the
Constitution. The reason why so many able
men opposed the Constitution is explained.
It was revolutionary.

" To the familiar State governments which
had so long possessed their love and alle-
giance, it was superadding a new and untried
government, which it was feared would swal-
low up the State and everywhere extinguish
local independence. Nor can it be said that
such fears were unreasonable. Our federal
government has indeed shown a strong ten-
dency to encroach upon the province of the
State governments, especially since our late
civil war. Too much centralization is our
danger to-day, as the weakness of the fed-
eral tie was our danger a century ago."

No one can read the book without having
his love and admiration for the Union in-
creased.

140

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Alumni and Other Personals.

'41. — Dr. Richard B. Haywood, who re-
cently died in Raleigh at quite an advanced
age, was a member of the class of '41, to-
gether with, Dr. Chas. Phillips, Solicitor
Samuel F. Phillips, Dr. \Vm. McPheeters
and many others whose names are as familiar.

'41. — Col. R. R. Bridgers died at Colum-
bia, S. C on the 10th of December. He
had gone to Columbia on business. From
the time of his graduation he has been prom-
inent in North Carolina as a legislator (be
was elected to the Legislature when only
twenty-three years old), lawyer, planter,
Congressman and railroad President.

The State Chronicle says of him : " He
would have been the leader in any vocation
or profession. He was a man of big brain
and wonderful versatility. Successful rail-
road president as he was, Col. Bridgers
would still have preferred public life and the
practice of law. His mind was moulded to
grasp great questions, and questions of State
and the public good occupied much of his
thought. If he had continued in politics,
there was no honor in the gift of the people
which he might not have won."

'46. — F. A. Shepard, of the older alumni,
subscribes for the Magazine and shows
great interest in the University. He is a
prominent merchant in Nashville, Tenn. The
Magazine likes to receive letters from those
who have gone before.

'47. — Hon. M. W. Ransom has been
again chosen U. S. Senator. The other
leading candidates for the nomination were
Col. A. M. Waddell, of the class of '53, and
Capt. S. B. Alexander, of '60.

'50. — Hon. Thomas Settle died at Greens-
boro, Dec. 1st. He had for many years been a
leading man in this State, and was well known
beyond its bounds. He was a member of
the Legislature in '54, '55 and '56, being for
two years Speaker of the House of Commons.
For nine years (except one year, when he
served in the Confederate Army), he was So-
licitor of the fourth circuit. In '65 he was
Speaker of the Senate. In '68, he was
elected Associate-Justice of the Supreme

Court. After occupying for one year the
post of Minister to Peru, he resigned in '72.
He was President of the Republican National
Convention of '72. During the next four
years, he was again on the Supreme Bench.
In '76, he was defeated for the office of Gov-
ernor by Hon. Z. B. Vance. Since '77,
Judge Settle has been Judge of the U. S.
Court for the northern district of Florida.
These facts are taken from the funeral ad-
dress delivered by Rev. Egbert W. Smith,
who said of him : " At the time of his death
he was probably the foremost man of his
party in the South, and the end came when
his fine abilities were in their prime. Many
eyes, all over the country, were looking for
him to be called to Washingtou as a member
of the new administration. With his knowl-
edge and ability and, above all, with his kind
heart, how much good could he have accom-
plished for theSouth ! "

'52 — Maj. J. W. Wilson has returned
from Canada, whither he had been sum-
moned to give expert testimony in a suit in-
volving $6,000,000, between the Canadian
Government and the Canada Pacific R. R.

'57. — Hon. Hamilton McMillan published
in January, a pamphlet on Sir Walter Ral-
eigh's Lost Colony, setting forth his reasons
for believing that the Croatans of Robeson
county are descendants of the lost colonists
and the tribe of friendly Indians of that name.

'79. — James S. Manning was married,
December 12th, to Miss Julia Cain, of Dur-
ham.

'So.— Thos. H. Battle is President of the
Rocky Mount Mills, and Vice-President and
actual manager of the Bank of Rocky Mount.

'81. — R. B. Albertson is prominent in pol-
itics as Chairman of the Republican Com-
mittee at Seattle, Washington Territory.

— Rev. R. P. Pell, of Wilson, was mar-
ried, January 2d, to Miss Nannie H. Shep-
herd, of Fayetteville.

ALUMNI AND OTHER PERSONALS.

141

— Eugene L. Harris has resigned his
office as General Secretary of the Raleigh
Young Men's Christian Association, and has
been appointed to that office in Winston —
Salem, where he makes his home.

— Dr. H. B. Battle is now Director Gen-
eral of the N. C. State Experiment Station
at Raleigh, and the assistants, with one ex-
ception, are University men.

'82. — C. W. Worth has become a partner
with his father, D. G. Worth, in the commis-
sion business in Wilmington.

'83. — W. K. ("Widow") Brown has re-
moved to Birmingham, Ala., and become
principal of a high school there.

'84. — S. G. Nevill, after graduating at the
Normal College of Tennessee, at Nashville,
has taken charge of a large school at Hen-
ning, in that State.

— S. M. Gattis has been appointed, by
Judge Gilmer, Superior Court Clerk of
Orange county. His office is at Hillsboro.

— J. D. Miller is now honored in becom-
ing principal of the Caldwell graded school,
Raleigh.

— S. B. Turrentine is a Methodist preacher
and a member of the N. C. Conference. He
is stationed at King's Mountain and his pre-
siding Elder makes a good report of him.

'85. — St. Leon Scull is a lawyer.

— A. D. Ward is in the practice of law at
Kenansville.

— H. A. Latham was chosen as Reading
Clerk of the House of Representatives. Other
of our University men were strongly sup-
ported.

— A. W. Long gives great satisfaction as
professor of English at Wofford College, S. C.

'86. — P. B. Manning, teacher, and Presi-
dent of the Y. M. C. A., at Wilmington,
will eventually study law. He carries weight
wherever he goes.

— Pierre B. Cox, attends medical lectures
in New York, after taking a course in law.
He is becoming quite a savant.

— R. L. Uzzell gets a good salary as
teacher of English Literature in a high school
at Roanoke, Va.

'87. — We are glad to state that W. H.
McDonald has recovered his health and is
now acting as bookkeeper for a commisson
house in Raleigh.

— H. R. Starbuck is with Eller in a law
office at Winston.

— Simmons has been appointed to conduct
the class in History here until Dr. Mangum
becomes strong enough to resume his classes.

'88. — Maxcy John has assumed the dignity
of Principal of the Sherwood High School of
Cumberland county. His school is open to
boys and — young ladies !

— G. W. Edwards, Junior of '88, is in Ne-
braska. He is a teacher in a finely equipped
school at Cowles, and intends making a trip
to California. He will return to North
Carolina.

— L. B. Edwards is teaching fn the Graded
School at Asheville.

— Headen has become a druggist at Pitts-
boro.

— Henry Johnston, Junior of '88, was at the
Hill on a visit of a few days. He had to
leave sooner than he expected on account of
a return of sickness.

— Egerton, Junior of '88, is reading law
at Hendersonville. He made some speeches
in the, late campaign, taking a prominent
part.

— Among the Legislators we notice names
of a number of University graduates and
students. Among those of later years we
note that Z. B. Walser, '84, received a fair
support from the Republican side, for
speaker. John A. Hendricks, Junior of '88, will
doubtless stand in all his height for the right,
as will also M. E. Carter, here in '67, and
R. A. Doughton, here in '83.

—The lecture of Dr. K. P. Battle,
President of the University, on Tuesday
night, was particularly stimulating and in-

142

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

structive. The various judicial trials of the
New Testament were treated with thorough-
ness, intelligence and acuteness. The lec-
ture was prepared with marked care, and
was elaborate, strong and learned. The dis-
tinguished gentleman had evidently devoted
much time to its preparation. * * * The
clearness, the comprehensiveness, the minute
information, the copious details, all showed
patient study and refleciion. It was indeed
a capital lecture, and does great credit to the
author. So long as such masterly discussions
as that can be heard from native men of
culture, there is no need to go abroad for
men who can can do better. What is said of
lectures, may apply to commencement ser-
mons and addresses. It is a mistake to go
brain hunting in other States, when at home
there are gentlemen of cultivation, ability

and scholarship, who are fully abreast with
the times, and are well able to entertain and
interest an audience. — Wilmington Star.

— Thousands of old students will hear
with sorrow of Professor Fetter's death at
Pulaski, Va., January 27th. His body was
brought to Chapel Hill on the 29th and laid
to rest here. Professor Fetter occupied the
Chair of Greek in the University from 1838 to
1S68. We hope to give some account of his
life in a future number.

" The gods give no great good without
labor," is an old proverb, and a true one; the
hardest labor is not always that which is
best paid however. To those in search of
light, pleasant and profitable employment,
we say write to B. F. Johnson & Co., Rich-
mond, Va.

University Record.

The holidays passed very pleasantly at
the University. Of the students some twenty
or more stayed on the Hill, ?..nd the Profes-
sors remained here, with the exception of
Prof. Holmes, who was engaged in Geologi-
cal work along the W. and W. R. R., Prof.
Toy, who spent Christmas with his brother,
Dr. C. H. Toy, of Boston, and Dr. Hume,
who was visiting in Virginia.

The last examination was on Thursdiy
December 20th. For several days everything
was very quiet; the girls all occupied them-
selves with baking cake::, and the boys —
shifted as best they might. Christmas day
was beautiful, but unusually quiet.

There was the usual service in the Epis-
copal church, which was very tastefully dec-
orated. At night a sociable at Mrs. Long's
broke the monotony. There the young men
and maidens congregated in large numbers,
and their gaiety continued far towards mid-

night. Wednesday, Thursday. Friday passed
with little to mark them. On Saturday the
young people were busy preparing for the
" Grand Art Gallery and Tableaux," which
came off that night with great eclat.

The great masquerade on Monday night
was, however, the crowning event of the
season. Many of the costumes were elegant,
and all were interesting. After the removal
of the masks, the company indulged in the
intellectual pastime of pinning tails, blind-
folded, on a tailless donkey. The games
lasted till the darkest hour of night, when
with the ringing of a bell the old year was bid-
den goodbye, and welcome given to the new.
A delightful evening at Dr. Manning's on
Wednesday, closed the festivities of the holi-
days.

Quite a number of ladies and gentlemen
spent Christmas on the Hill, adding much to
the charm of the season. Among them must

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

143

be mentioned especially Mr. James S. Man-
ning and his beautiful bride ne'e Miss Julia
Cain, Dr. John M. and Mr. Isaac H. Man-
ning, Mr. Ernest P. Mangum, Dr. and Mrs.
H. B. Battle, Dr. K. P. Battle, Jr., Prof.
Aug. W. Long, and Mr. V. W. Long of the
Winston Sentinel.

The students will all congratulate our
friend, the Rev. G. B. Taylor, on the acqui-
sition of a charming wife. He was married
during the holidays to Miss Cabell, of Nor-
wood, Va.

The new Rugby "egg" goes all right
when you kick it on the end. What's the
matter with foot-ball any how ? Sick ?

Centennial Celebration of the Grant-
ing of the Charter of the University. —

In 1789 the charter of the University was
* granted by the General Assembly of North
Carolina, so that this is the centennial anni-
versary of that event.

An appropriate centennial celebration will
be held at the University during commence-
ment week next June.

An attractive program is now maturing
and there is every promise of a celebration
worthy of the occasion and full of entertain-
ment. The general outline of the program
is, as follows :

Tuesday : Centennial Celebration by the
Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies ; Senior
class-day exercises ; Speeches by Society
Representatives.

Wednesday :. Celebration by the Alumni,
address in Memorial Hall, Reunion of the
Alumni by Classes in Memorial Hall, Special
Exercises by each Class of Alumni ; Re-
union of the Alumni by Classes at dinner
with speeches, toasts, reminiscences, &c.
Address at night, special exercises by the
Alumni. Besides the two addresses to be de-
livered on Wednesday, the other permanent
literary contributions will be a complete His-
tory of the University and a complete Cata-
logue of all Students of the University from
the beginning.

Thursday : Annual Commencement; at
night, Alumni Reception in the Library ;

4

Costume Ball by the Alumni and Students in
the Gymnasium, the costumes to be those of
one hundred years ago.

Last year's plan of offering special courses
of instruction for the benefit of the teachers
of the State, will be continued this spring,
beginning February 18, 1889. Courses
adapted to the needs of teachers will be
offered in each department of the University.
Classes will be organized on application from
five teachers. No charge is made for tuition.
The only fee is one of $5, which includes
matriculation, room-rent, servant's hire, etc.
The courses will continue for three months.

The election of Ball Managers for '89
was hotly contested, but with perfect good-
feeling throughout. Gaston Battle, Rocky
Mount, was chosen Chief Manager. The
Sub-Managers are, from the Dialectic : A.
S. Williams, Wilmington, R. G. Vaughn,
Madison, and R. W. Bingham, Bingham
School ; from the Philanthropic : J.J. Phil-
ips, Tarboro, Paul Branch, Wilson, and
Henry Staton, Tarboro.

New Portrait. — Our pride in the collec-
tions of paintings of eminent men belonging
to the two Literary Societies increases con-
tinually. The Di's have just received an
addition in the shape of a fine portrait of our
President, Hon. Kemp P. Battle. It was
painted by William Garl Browne, the well-
known Washington artist, and is both an
excellent likeness and an elegant piece of
work. The portrait was presented, at
the request of the Society, by Mrs.
Battle, entirely without the knowledge of the
President, and his astonishment on first see-
ing the picture was something really amusing.

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. —
Forty-first Meeting, January 8th, 1889.

Vice-President Graves presided. The fol-
lowing papers were read:

Report on Progress in Geology: The Uni-
fication of Nomenclature and Symbols. Pro-
fessor Holmes.

Report on Progress in . Physics and En-
gineering: The Application of Electricity
to Street Railways. Professor Gore.

144

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Report on Progress in Mathematics: Pro-
fessor Love substituted an historical sketch of
mathematical training in the University of
North Carolina for this report.

History of Mathematics in the Middle
Ages. Professor Graves.

Early Legislation against Food Adultera-
tion. Professor Venable.

The Secretary exhibited the watch of Rev.
Dr. Mitchell, which was worn by him when
he met his death. This watch has been pre-
sented to the Society by Rev. Mr. Summerell,
the grandson of Dr. Mitchell.

The Secretary reported three additional
exchanges and eighty-seven books and pam-
phlets received.

Messrs. Patterson and Roberson were re-
ceived as associate members.

The Society's Journal, Vol. V, Part II,
has been issued with commendable prompt-
ness. The period covered is July-Decem-
ber, 1888, and the contents include: " The
Erection of the Monument to Elisha Mitch-
ell on Mitchell's High Peak," W. B. Phil-
lips; "Soaring of the Turkey Vulture," G.
F. Atkinson; "Of the Three Crystallogtaphic
Axes," W. B. Phillips; "Chlorination of
Auriferous Sulphides," E. A. Thies; "A
Method of finding the Evolute of the four-
cusped Hypocycloid," R. II. Graves; " Mica
Mining in North Carolina," W. B. Phillips;
" Recalculations of the Atomic Weights,"
F. P. Venable; " The Change in Superphos-
phates when they are applied to the Soil,"
H. B. Battle; "A Partial Chemical Exam-
ination of some Species of the Genus Ilex,''
F. P. Venable; "Report of the Recording
Secretary," J. W. Gore; List of Exchanges.

Shakspere Club. — January 15th, 1889.

Mr. W. M. Curtis presented the first of a
series of readings on the contemporaries of
Shakspere, choosing for his subject Kyd's
Spanish Tragedy. A tragedy of blood, the
theme being the workings of revenge.
Structure of the verse is good, though it can-
not compare in power with parallel situations
in Shakspere.

The regular subject for discussion was
Measure for Measure.

Mr. Hayne Davis was unfavorably im-
pressed with the play. He criticises the ex-
cercUe of mercy here, and does not uphold
the maxim: " Better that ninety-nine guilty
men escape, than one innocent should per-
ish." We are plunged here into a sea of
vice and immorality out of which the poet
does not rescue us. An original criticism.

Mr. J. E. B. Davis compared the plot of
Measure for Measure with that of All 's
Well that Ends Well, and the Merchant of
Venice, in a very suggestive manner.

Mr. Geo. S. Wills gave as a gleaning from
this drama, that it is characterized through-
out by hypocrisy, comparing with it the real
state of affairs, under Elizabeth especially.

Dr. Hume : Shakspere 's Use of the Bible.
Shakspere's whole works show him to have
been very familiar with the teachings of our
Savior. The very frequent quotations and
references to the Scriptures, and his setting
forth of the main points of the received the-
ology, attest this.

The subject for next meeting is the Win-
ter s Tale.

The Seminary of Literature and Phi-
lology discussed the subject of Words, at the
meeting held January 30th.

Mr. J. S. Taylor presented a paper treat-
ing the geographical names upon the map of
Europe, which show Roman influences.

Mr. C. A. Rankin read a paper containing
much curious information about Christian
names from the Greek.

Professor Winston, the President of the
Seminary, discussed the prevalence of agri-
cultural words in the Latin vocabulary,
plainly showing that the Romans were, first
of all, an agricultural people.

Professor Alexander discussed certain
words used in ecclesiastical terminology —
most of them from the Greek.

Professor Toy gave an account of the gene-
sis of words, and their growth and meaning.

A report on Archaeology was presented by

Professor Alexander, with an account of
recent discoveries in antiquities.

The subject for the next meeting is Dra-
matic Literature.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

145

The Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion now has a membership of about ninety-
five, two-thirds of whom are active, and
the remainder associate members. This is
by far the largest membership this Associa-
tion has ever had. Over a hundred dollars
is now in hand for the furnishing of the ad-
ditional room, and the work is in the hands
of a committee. Nearly a hundred more is
needed.

Mr. S. M. Sayford, who recently visited
us, won the hearts of many by his manly,
honest bearing, and his strong, yet prudent,
manner of address. His work is directed,
first, toward raising the standard of Christian
life, among college students especially, be-
lieving that if the Christian's life is what
it should be, the unconverted cannot long
withstand it. Why should not every Chris-
tian student take as his motto, " High
ground," and put the religion of Christ above
par!

Mr. Sayford represents a movement started
among the Christian students of Amherst,
and his purpose is to visit the Universities of
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and the
Pacific Coast States.

Mr. R. P. Wilder, of Princeton, who is
one of the originators of the Students' Vol-
unteer Mission movement, will arrive here
about February 5-6.

The State Convention at Wilmington,
March 21-24, promises to be the largest ever
held in this or any Southern State. The
General Secretary at Wilmington sends word
that " not less than twenty-five delegates are
invited and expected " from Chapel Hill.

Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, the world re-
nowned specialist in mind diseases, says :
" I am familiar with various systems for
improving the memory, including, among
others, those of Feinaigle, Gourund and Dr.
Pick, and I have recently become acquainted
with the system in all its details and applica-
tions taught by Prof. Loisette. I am there-
fore enabled to state that his is, in all its

essential features, entirely original; that its
principles and methods are different from all
others, and that it presents no material analo-
gies to that of any other system.

"I consider Prof. Loisette's system to be
anew departure in the education of the mem-
ory and attention, and of very great value ;
that, it being a systematic body of principles
and methods, it should be studied as an en-
tirety to be understood and appreciated ;
that a correct view of it cannot be obtained
by examining isolated passages of it.

"William A. Hammond.

" New York, July 10. 1888. "•

PHOTOGRAPHS!

I expect to be in Chapel Hill during the
month of April to make

GROUP WORK,

Cabinet and Card Photographs.

I trust that all will bear this in mind, and
give me a liberal patronage.

Being grateful for former favors,
1 am, very truly,

S. L. ALDERMAN,

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE,

Published under the auspices of The Philanthropic and Dialectic Societies of
The University of North Carolina.

Prospectus for 1888-89.

The MAGAZINE has six departments, each conducted by a student
selected with a view to his qualifications for the work in hand.

THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT is mainly intended to exhibit
the character of the work done in the Societies, to encourage literary
efforts and co-operate with the chairs in the University in developing
a critical appreciation of the masters of the language. It is a vehicle
of communication between the Alumni of the Institution, a repository
of interesting bits of history, important results in scientific investiga-
tion and discussion of leading questions in general.

THE COLLEGE RECORD will chronicle the events of college
life. The proceedings of the Mitchell Scientific Society, the Histor-
ical Society, the work of the Shakespeare Club, the Y. M. C. A., the
Temperance Band, and the other organizations, social and literary,
which find a footing in the University, will be given in detail.

THE PERSONAL DEPARTMENT will tell what "Chapel Hill-
ians " are doing here and elsewhere, and give expression to whatever
of wit the funny editor may possess.

THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT will give the opinions of a
student on the current periodicals, latest books, &c, together with
such items as may be of interest to those living in the college world.

Sketches of distinguished North Carolinians, Notes of Travel, Essays
by members of the Faculty, Original poems and other papers are
being prepared for subsequent issues. Our popular Senator, HON.
Z. B. VANCE, will contribute a very interesting article to the MAGA-
ZINE during the year.

The Magazine is warmly endorsed by leading men of the State,
has bona fide subscribers all over the country, and a growing advertis-
ing patronage. It appeals for support to all the Alumni of the Uni-
versity, to lovers of education everywhere, and especially to those im-
bued with the spirit of progress that now pervades our land.

Subscribe and persuade your friends to subscribe.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

One copy one year $i oo

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Business men will find the MAGAZINE a good advertising medium.

Address,

W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,

CHAPEL HILL, £T. C.

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for$l. Send for sample copy. Address,

NEWS & OBSERVER CO.,

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UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE

At the low combination rate of $3.40 for both. Send your
order now. Subscriptions may begin at any time.

Address, W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,
Lock Box 64. CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

.

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Single Copies 20 cents.

Old Series, Vol. XXI. No. 4. New Series, Vol. VIII.

1TORTH CAROLINA

Uttivemtg

HUg^in^

PUBLISHED SIX TIMES A YEAR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE

DIALECTIC ME) PH1LOTHR0P1G S0G1EJFIES,

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

EDITOES =
DI. PHI.

WM. JAS. BATTLE, HUNTER L. HARRIS,

WALTER M. HAMMOND. LOGAN D. HOWELL
♦•♦

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

Old Times in Chapel Hill, No. XIII: Professors Fetter and Hubbard Mrs. C. P.

Spencer ...'. 147

A Chapter in Modern History ... George S. Wills 154

Inscription on Gov. Benjamin Williams's Monument 158

A Mountain Tramp: From Highlands to Blowing Rock. ...W. J. B. 159

Robert Paine Dick, LL. D.: With Portrait (Frontispiece) Kemp P. Battle 166

Biographical Sketches of the Confederate Dead S. B. Weeks i 76

Editor's Table: — Portraits; A Sunday Nuisance; History of Education in North Carolina 180

The College World : — News of Other Colleges; North Carolina Colleges and Schools;

Inter-Collegiate Foot-ball 182

Clippings from Exchanges 185

Alumni and Other Personals _'■ 186

BOOK Reviews : — First Steps in North Carolina History; Our Phil, and Other Stories;
The Plantation Negro as a Freeman; Light of Two Centuries ; Politics as a Duty and
as a Career; How to be Successful on the Road 188

University Record-. — New Trustees; Notes; A Sprynge Fanceye; February Twenty-
Second; The Luckless Lover; Proceedings of Societies : Elisha Mitchell Scientific
Society, Shakspere Club, Seminary of Literature and Philology, Young Men's Chris-
tian Association 190

EDWARDS & BROUGHTON. PRINTERS AND BINDERS. RALEIQH.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

FACULTT.

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President,

Professor of Political Economy. Constitutional and International I.a\v.

Kev. CHARLES PHILLIPS. D. D., LL. I>.,
Professor Emeritus of Mathematics.

Rev. ADOLPHUS W. MANGUM, A. M., I). !>..
Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.

RALPH HENRY GRAVES. B. Sc, C. and M. E..

Professor of Mathematics.

GEORGE TAYLOE WINSTON,
Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

FRANCIS PRESTON VENABLE. Pn. D., F. C. S..

Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry.

JOSEPH AUSTIN HOLMES, B. Agr.,
Professor of Geology and Natural History.

JOSHUA WALKER GORE, C. E.,

Professor of Natural Philosophy and Engineering.

Hon. JOHN MANNING, A. M., LL. L)..

Professor of Law.

Rev. THOMAS HUME. Jr., M. A., D. D..

Professor of the English Language and Literature.

WALTER D. TOY, M. A..

Professor of Modern Languages.

EBEN ALEXANDER, Ph. D.,
Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.

JAMES LEE LOVE, Ph. B.,
Associate Professor of Mathematics.

T. L. MOORE. } , ., .
S. C. BRAGAW, \ L'brar.ans.

Professor GORE, Registrar.

Professor LOVE. Secretary.

W. T. PATTERSON. Bursar.

Instruction is offered in three regular courses of study. Special and optional courses are
provided in Mineralogy, Chemistry and other sciences relating to Agncuhure. School
of Law fully organized. The sessions begin the last Thursday in August and end the
first Thursday in June, with a vacation of about one week at Christmas.

For catalogues or other information, address

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President.

CHAPEL HILL. N. C

&^~-i--e-^^L

THE

<U

niversity Magazine.

1889.

Old Series, Vol. XXI.
New Series, Vol VIII.

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

No. 4.

EDITORS:
DI. PHI.

Wm. Jas. Battle, Hunter L. Harris,

Walter M. Hammond. Logan D. Howell.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. XIII.

PROFESSORS FETTER AND HUBBARD.

Since the publication of the twelfth number of these papers in our
MAGAZINE, a funeral servicejhas been held in Chapel Hill which, to the
older members of society, strongly recalled the days " before the war."

On Sunday morning, January 27th, 1889, Prof. M. Fetter, who held
the chair of Greek in this University from 1838 to 1868, died at the
residence of his son Charles, in Pulaski City, Va. His remains were
brought here and interred with Masonic ceremonies on the 29th. A
large gathering of our population at the Episcopal church, where the
religious services were held, testified to the kindly remembrance in
which the community still holds Mr. Fetter. He had lived here thirty
years, and I venture to say had not an zmfriend in the place. Not a
man or woman who had known him in the old days but had some-
thing kind to say of him and of his wife, who died here in 1867, and
by the side of whose grave his was made.

Exactly twenty years ago, in January, '69, Mr. Fetter left his home

148 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

in Chapel Hill, having been, with all his colleagues in the University,
unchaired in 1868 by the action of Gov. Holden and his Radical council.
Upon the news of that action, most of the Faculty remained quietly
in their own homes, waiting to see what the next move of the govern-
ment wise men would be.

On the 11th of August, Mr. Fetter was driving Gov. Swain in a
buggy to which was harnessed Gov. Swain's wild " Sherman mare."
As before related, on their return home the mare ran away and both
the gentlemen were thrown out. The injuries received by the Gover-
nor resulted in his death on the 27th. Mr. Fetter was a good deal
hurt, but recovered in the course of a week or two.

The Governor's unlooked for death dissipated any idea that may
have been entertained that the old order of things would be restored
here. Every man had now to look for a new home. At their time of
life, teaching was, of course, their sole resource. Mr. Fetter resolved
to assume the charge of a boys' school in Henderson, in conjunction
with two of his sons, all four of whom had been soldiers in Lee's army.

Thenceforth he taught at various points in the State, welcomed and
befriended wherever he went by old students of the University, who
are always loyal to their old Faculty after they leave Chapel Hill,
whatever discord there may be between them while in college.

On the first day of last September, died in Raleigh, the Rev. Dr.
Hubbard, Professor of Latin in the University from 1850 to 1868,
and colleague, therefore, of Prof. Fetter for eighteen years. He was
born in 18)0. /

These two gentlemen, thus so long and closely associated, were
always good friends and good neighbors. They have both gone over
now to the great majority, and we may write of them, nil uisi bonum.

Mr. Fetter was of German blood, born in 1 809 in Lancaster, Pa., where
he was a protege, and afterwards a pupil of the late Doctor Muhlen-
berg, of the Episcopal communion. Mr. Fetter was designed for the
ministry of that church, and was educated partly at Flushing, Long
Island, and partly at Andover, Massachusetts. He proved himself an
excellent linguist, becoming well accomplished in the Hebrew, Greek,
Latin, German, and French languages ; and in the end these attain-
ments led him to a professor's chair rather than to the pulpit.

He came to Chapel Hill in 1838, bringing his bride with him, neither
of them supposing this would be more than a temporary banishment
to the wilds of North Carolina. Yet here they lived, and were useful

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 149

and influential, here their children were born and reared, and here
they now rest.

Dr. Hubbard was a. native of Connecticut, a graduate of Williams
College, and a minister of the P. E. Church. His wife was a daughter
of Hon. Isaac Bates, for many years United States Senator from
Massachusetts. He was rector of the church at Newbern, N. C, be-
fore his appointment at the University.

He was essentially a man of letters, loving books and all that a
library implies, and especially well read in the Latin and English liter-
atures. He was also an elegant and forcible writer. Whenever Gov-
ernor Swain wanted anything particularly well written, that should
call attention to and reflect the highest credit upon the University, he
was accustomed to bespeak Dr. Hubbard's pen.

The Doctor took his ease in his study. There was his nest of de-
lights. He was a disciple of Coleridge, and said that he owed more to
him than to any other master, ancient or modern.

An hour of rare and tranquil pleasure awaited the friend who should
step into his well-furnished study, and find him comfortably seated
with a long-stemmed pipe in hand, surrounded by old books and new
books, reviews, magazines and papers, ready to discourse or equally
ready to listen. Always courtly and genial, always deliberate and
dignified, he still possessed a vein of good humored but thoroughly
effective satire that on occasion gave a decided edge to his talk.
Withal a slight air of pensive reflection attended him, as of a philoso.
pher who finds some of life's problems too hard for him.

He carried his elegant and recherche tastes into all his surroundings,
as far as he could. He built the house on Cameron avenue, on the
west corner of the Chatham road, and surrounded it with a dense
growth of rare and beautiful shrubbery.

In a quiet and dignified way he took great pains with his yard and
garden, enjoying choice flowers and choice fruits equally with choice
books and choice friends. I saw him enter his house one day during
the war with a basketful of the edible mushroom which he had col-
lected in his morning's walk. He would delight in such a dish as that
perhaps because it was rare, while few of his neighbors had tastes suf-
ficiently refined to appreciate it.

His house was noted for abundant and elegant hospitality. Mrs.
Hubbard was a woman " of resources," who had seen a great deal of

150 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

good society, and well understood the art of entertaining. She was
an admirable housekeeper and enjoyed her preeminence. All the
distinguished people went to Doctor Hubbard's as a matter of course —
(and some other of our housekeepers were privately thankful that
such was the established custom).

Doctor Hubbard wrote a good deal for the papers and for literary
journals. He was a fine preacher — that is, he wrote fine sermons.
He was no orator ; he read quietly and impressively, but rather monot-
onously. He published nothing of permanent value. Of all his
varied reading and study and acquirements for more than fifty years
nothing remains.

How much to be lamented is the indifference to literary achievement
and fame which seems to possess our learned men in North Carolina.
They are not " producers." A few good lectures, a few magazine
articles — just enough to show what they might do — and there an end.

" A book" says Rufus Choate, " is the only immortality."

Prof. Fetter was really a more inactive man than Doctor Hubbard,
though he had a brisker gait and air, and went up and down the town,
and was in and out of the stores and places of business much more
frequently. Still he did not accomplish as much. He, too, delighted
in a garden and kept a good one, though he did not lay himself out
on ornamental things. He loved company too, and was eminently
social in his habits, but cared for no laudations of his hospitality. He
was content to let other people reap such laurels. He had a large
family, while Doctor Hubbard had but one child, and this circumstance
alone would have differentiated the two men. Mr. Fetter, however,
lived handsomely and well, and no one could preside over an elegant
entertainment with a better grace than Mrs. Fetter, who was exceed-
ingly popular, admired and courted by everybody.

The years between '50 and '60 were surely pleasant years (or Chapel
Hill. There may have been some lotos-eating among its people ;
there was certainly

" The torrent's smoothness ere it dash below."

How agreeable an evening on Mr. Fetter's piazza! He would have a
cigar of exquisite quality for a favorite guest, for he was a connoisseur
in tobacco, and also knew a good glass of wine when he saw it. When
the topic suited him he talked well, and showed good judgment in the

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 151

affairs of life. His advice was often sought. He was sympathetic,
good-natured, and full of bonhomie. A better neighbor to live near
there could hardly be.

It now remains to consider and contrast the work of these two
Professors, prominent members of a group of teachers whose com-
bined service to the State was unusually prolonged, faithfully per-
formed, and not insignificant in its results.

They were both good scholars in various languages, but on very
different lines of scholarship. Dr. Hubbard's attainments in language
were neither so varied nor so accurate as those of Mr. Fetter, who was
well versed in the history and forms of words, in the construction and
in the idioms of a language. Dr. Hubbard would be better acquainted
with what that language conveyed, with its literature, and with all
matters relating to culture and taste. Mr. Fetter referred you to the
grammars and the lexicons, the authorities and the various readings.
He was like the miner who brings the ore from the hills in its native
strength and richness. Dr. Hubbard was a refiner of the metal. He
dwelt on the thoughts, the facts elicited, — on the fancies of the poets,
on the dogmas of the philosophers.

For a lazy pupil, or a dull one, I do not think Dr. Hubbard had
much inspiration. He would not be bothered with him. But for a
bright, ambitious young man he would be an attractive and judicious
guide into fair fields and pastures new.

It was a rule of the Faculty in those days that each professor should
in turn spend a couple of hours or so of every night in a week in or
around the college buildings. This was undertaken as a disciplinary
measure. It was known that a professor or the President was some-
where inside the campus, and measures had to be taken accordingly.
The different ways in which the Faculty spent these evenings were
generally characteristic of each man. Dr. Mitchell was very apt to be
in his laboratory. Governor Swain would go to the University
Library (then his recitation room). Dr. Phillips walked about a good
deal, went from room to room, now and then sitting down in some
good fellow's room for a few minutes' chat. So would Professor
Fetter. Dr. Hubbard, if not found in a library, was generally seated
for the evening in some senior's room, where a pipe would be offered
him, and where the talk would flow quietly, and be prolonged late into
the night.

152 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Good scholars, who were honestly making the most of their time at
the University, would say of these evenings that they were more
instructive and inspiring by far than the Doctor's recitation hours.
I have heard "old students" speak very fondly of these visits from
their Professors — visits highly prized, and conferring considerable
dignity on those oftenest favored with them, and leading, in some
cases, to far-reaching effects.

The practice appears to me, even yet, a good one ; good for both
parties, and productive of good feeling and a good understanding all
round. Perhaps in the inevitable reactions of time, the ebb and flow,
the ever recurrent swing of the pendulum in human affairs, to which
Burke so often alludes and declares necessary to the " drawing out the
full harmony of the universe, — "perhaps many of these old, proscribed,
forgotten regulations will be revived and resorted to once more.

Both of these old friends may be said to have been useful citizens of
North Carolina. What more, what better, can a man get out of life
than this: to be useful in his day and generation? They were diligent
students ; they were exact and thorough teachers according to the
lights of their day ; they were good disciplinarians. Both were stanch
churchmen of the old school.

On the whole, and considering seriously the routine of a college
professor's life, it cannot be said to be as favorable to the all-round sym-
metrical expansion of his faculties as that of him who heads a large
school. The professorship may have more of dignity, and may afford
more" learned leisure," but the tendency of confinement to one speci-
alty in teaching is to make the mind run in one rut ; and the professor
himself, if he be not careful, is apt to slip into a perfunctory way of
doing his work. Two things will save him : if he loves teaching per se,
and delights to gather that he may impart ; also, if he has a keen
literary taste, and leaps easily from time to time into other fields than
his own. He who reads much will never drop into formality or
routine.

A teacher in a large school has this advantage, that he is compelled
to turn his mind to a variety of subjects. He cannot go round and
round in a treadmill, nor is he likely to be found asking in 1889 the
same questions upon the same line of Homer that he asked in 1879,
or making precisely the same statements about the Greek digamma or
the adversative conjunction.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 153

When a professor is turned out of his office at the " past-meridian " of
life, he finds himself stiff and rusty in many mental exercises that were
once familiar. He does not know how to adapt his instructions to the
minds of children. Besides, as Dr. Hubbard himself said, nobody
wants an elderly man these days. They must go to the wall. This is
preeminently the age of the young man (and also of the young woman).

Our old professors then stood quietly aside. They no doubt felt
the guilt of being over fifty years old. Neither Dr. Hubbard nor
Mr. Fetter imagined for themselves that more than twenty years of
struggle for a living lay yet before them. Dr. Hubbard went North
at first. His church and her schools opened their arms to him, and he
found employment as both preacher and teacher at St. John's school
in Manlius, New York. While there he was so unhappy as to lose not
only his devoted wife but his only child, the wife of T. M. Argo, now
our Solicitor for the Fourth District. Mrs. Argo was handsome,
accomplished and most amiable. She was the light of his eyes.
From this blow he never recovered.

After some years he returned to North Carolina to be with his
grandson at Mr. Argo's house, where he was attended with all the love
and honor that should accompany old age. He taught in the church
school of St. Augustine to nearly the last of his life, and was found
dead on his knees at his bedside.

Mr. Fetter also was happy in receiving during his last months of
infirmity the tender care of good children and grand-children. Death
came gently to them both, and was not unwelcome.

" From the world's bitter wind,
They have sought shelter in the shadow of the tomb."

C. P. Spencer.

154 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

A CHAPTER IN MODERN HISTORY.

When Napoleon Bonaparte was on St. Helena, he expressed it as
his belief that Italy was " one sole nation: the unity of customs, of
language, of literature, in some future, more or less distan: , will unite
all its inhabitants under one sole government, and Rome is undoub-
tedly the capital that will be selected."

Bonaparte was the acutest statesman of his time. He had fought
in Italy, and studied its inhabitants thoroughly. Still, few looked
upon this prophecy as more than a dream. And nothing in the condi-
tion of Italy, at this time, would lead the casual observer to believe
that it would ever be a united nation. It was divided into a great
number of petty States, each independent of the other and governed
by its own ruler. Many of the rulers were foreign-born, all of them
satellites of the Austrian court, who kept their places only when
surrounded by Austrian soldiers, and, like puppets, moved when the
Viennese ministry pulled the wires.

The people were ignorant, imposed upon by the clergy, and heavily
taxed for the benefit of the ruling despots. Prince Metternich had
characterized Italy as a " geographical expression," and Italian unity
as a " dream."

Church and State were united. The Roman Catholic Church was
Austria's right arm in keeping Italy in the blackest darkness. The
Pope had both temporal and spiritual power. Shut up in the mediae-
val air of the Vatican, he strenuously opposed everything that did not
savor of the musty past.

The father confessors everywhere kept the consciences of their parish-
ioners, and those whose views did not accord with the Roman Church
were quietly informed on, and as quietly disposed of — how, their
friends might imagine, but could never know.

The press was subject to the strictest censorship of both Church
and State. Agents of the Austrian Government, on the one hand,
Roman Catholic priests on the other, with hawk-like vigilance, watched
o see that no measure was advocated, no sentiment expressed, that
would arouse in the Italian heart a desire for higher and better things.
Many of the noblest of the Italians, who advocated a change, were
exiled, consigned to the galleys and prisons, or executed.

A CHAPTER IN MODERN HISTORY. 155

A spirit of unity, incited by the writings of Manin, Mazzini, and
others, whose object was a united Italy, with Rome for its capital,
arose, and grew until the whole land was moved by it. The memory
of the day when Roman citizenship was a passport of safety through-
out the civilized world, when Caesar led the Roman legions to victory
in Gaul and Germania ; of later days, when Venice was the favored
" Queen of the Adriatic," when Parma, Verona, and Mantua were
beautiful cities, while England and France were wildernesses of barba-
rians, aroused in the breasts of the Italians a longing to be lifted out
of their degraded condition.

What at first was a mere hope for freedom, for unity, had grown
into an intense desire, and only lacked a leader to give the movement
definite shape. Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, undertook this and
failed. At Novara, on the 23d of March, 1849, ^ e was defeated, and
the Piedmontese arm}/ almost annihilated. The whole plan of the
Italian question was changed. Charles Albert abdicated in favor of
his son, Victor Emmanuel. The last- spark of liberty seemed to be
extinguished. The new king felt his throne quiver and totter as he
ascended it. Heart-broken on account of his father's misfortunes and
his country's woes, he had to bear, single-handed, the blame of the
Novara defeat, and the humiliating armistice that followed. During
the succeeding ten years, nothing advanced, directly, the Italian cause.
But slowly, silently, surely, the great movement was assuming a defi-
nite shape, crystallizing around Piedmont as the centre and Victor
Emmanuel as the one leader. At the expiration of the ten years'
armistice, in answer to Austria's demand for an unconditional sur-
render, Victor Emmanuel chose war. The people were thoroughly
aroused. Italians of all classes pledged themselves to Victor Em-
manuel and their country's cause. Venice declared that "the silver
of the churches, the bronze of the bells, the gold and jewels of the
wealthy, the copper vessels of the kitchen, the very bullets and bails
of the enemy," would be used to defend the city, and drive the
foreigner from Italian soil. Women of all classes aided in fitting out
volunteers. Those who were too poor to do anything else gladly sold
their beautiful hair, and gave the money.

An alliance was formed with Napoleon III., and at the double battle
of Solferino and San Martino, in J 859, Austria was finally driven from
Piedmont. Then followed a scene unparalleled in the world's history.

156 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

One after another the Italian States drove out their rulers, and quietly
united their fortunes to Piedmont and Victor Emmanuel.

In i860, the king addressed the first Italian Parliament with the
words : " Italy is not the Italy of the Romans, nor that of the Middle
Ages, nor must it remain any longer a field open to foreign ambition,
but rather must it be the Italy of the Italians."

But the kingdom could not be complete without the Romagnon
Provinces. They were still under the pontifical rule, and the Catholic
part of Europe determined to keep them there. The question
demanded the greatest diplomatic skill, and Victor's most valued
counsellor was Camillo di Cavour. The work was progressing slowly,
but surely, and on the 9th of October, 1870, Rome was annexed, the
capstone of the Italian " Temple of Liberty " laid in place. Long
years had this temple been in building. The architects, with Victor
Emmanuel as the master-builder, had worked silently, fitting every
part of the great mansion, so that when it came to be put together,
like Solomon's Temple, every stone, every beam, every column, fitted
in its place perfectly.

No history of Italian unity without that of Victor Emmanuel is
complete. Descended from a family whose history dates back to the
tenth century, and v/hose men were always noted for their firm purpose
and determination, whose women were virtuous, brave and intelligent,
and brought up under his father's strict physical and mental discipline,
he was well qualified to lead the Italians to victory. Rugged in
appearance, plain in his dress and manners, he disliked court etiquette,
and, above all, hated hypocrisy. When he first ascended the throne
of Piedmont, he stood almost alone. Manin was in exile; Cavour
not yet come into prominence ; Garibaldi and Mazzini doing more by
their rash and unwise measures to retard than to advance Italian unity;
moved by an extreme revolutionary spirit, the people were angry and
suspicious on account of the recent defeats of the Italian armies.
This served only to develop Victor's powers. One after another he
solved the diplomatic and military questions that confronted him.

Private business or pleasure never interfered with his duties as ruler.
The toil, the anxiety, the heart-burnings of all those years when Italy's
destiny hung in the balance, we can never appreciate. We know that
they shortened his life.

He was the patron of education, of social and political liberty, and

A CHAPTER IN MODERN HISTORY. 157

especially of that personal dignity and self-respect so necessary to a
nation's high standing. A man of the people, he moved among them,
sympathizing with them in all their interests and pleasures. When
Dr. Bruno, who attended the king in his last sickness, announced to
the waiting crowd that " the first King of Italy was no more," his
people wept as for a common father. With his death, Italy's youthful,
romantic days ended, and with her new sovereign she entered upon
her period of staid maturity.

Humbert has been on his father's throne eleven years. Has Italy
progressed or retrograded ? What is her present condition and out-
look? Did Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel live, work and
die in vain ? Is the result attained by long years of suffering, impris-
onment, exile and death — years marked by toil and sacrifice — a thing
of a day, a passing shadow? Think of the tendency to a strong,
centralized government at Rome, and the loss of local self-rule and
liberty; the ballot extended to an ignorant, vicious and idle populace,
utterly unfit for free suffrage, and who never avail themselves of this
privilege ; of the firm hold the E.oman Church, with its superstitions,
has upon them ; of the demagogues, keeping politics in the front, to
the detriment of all other interests. On the other hand, the Italians
are united in language ; one law governs them, — the Roman law,
which has been called " the most perfect exponent of the grand prin-
ciples of universal jurisprudence." Education will prepare the people,
unused to suffrage, for the responsibilities that belong to liberty. The
Roman Catholic religion is daily losing its influence. Protestant mis-
sionaries teach the inhabitants what it is to have a conscience freed
from the constant scrutiny of the parish priest.

The history of Italy has been the history of advancement and union.
From a great number of petty States existing at the fall of the Western
empire, Tuscany, Piedmont, and a few others were formed, and now
but one State, and that the Kingdom of Italy, including the entire
Italian peninsula, stands out as the result of thirteen centuries of
aggregation. The end that Dante, Petrarch and Machiavelli yearned
for and worked for is accomplished, and Italy is to-day one of the
first nations of Europe.

Geo. S. Wills.

158 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

GOVERNOR BENJAMIN WILLIAMS.

Benjamin Williams, of Moore county, was Governor in 1799 and
again in 1S07. He was State Senator from his county in 1807 ar) d
1809. As none of the books, except Mrs. Spencer's History, give the
date of his death, we print the inscription on his monument in the
burial ground on the plantation on Governor's Creek, which was the
place of his residence. It was copied for us by the courtesy of one of
our alumni, Wm. J.Adams, attorney at law, of Carthage.

INSCRIPTION ON GOVERNOR WILLIAMS'S TOMBSTONE.

Sacred
To the Memory
of
COL. BENJAMIN WILLIAMS, who departed this life 20th day of July,
18 14, aged 63 years and 7 months.
In his youth he fought in the battles which procured the indepen-
dence of his country, — In his riper years he was repeatedly called to
preside as its Governor.

Providence blessed him with a large share of its bounties, and he
acted as her faithful steward ;

for
" Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere ;"
In his manners, with the open frankness of the Soldier, was the
dignity and urbanity of the Gentleman.
His hospitality and beneficence, in his several public and private
relations, gained him the respect and warm attachment of all who
knew him.

FROM THE TOMBSTONE OF MRS. GOVERNOR WILLIAMS.

Sacred
To the memory of Mrs. Eliza Williams, relict of the late Gov-
ernor Benjamin Williams, who died at Newbern 24th November, 1817,
aged 54 years and 10 months.

Reader !
Under this marble are the mortal remains of an affectionate wife, a
tender mother, and one whose memory is now embalmed in the hearts
of the poor of this extensive neighborhood.

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 159

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP: FROM HIGHLANDS TO
BLOWING ROCK.

(Continued from the December Number.)

At Highlands, we spent the night with Mr. Rideout, the leading
merchant of the place, who is well known long before you reach the
town. For some ten or twelve miles in every direction, at every mile is
a sign setting forth the excellences of the store, and concluding with
a statement of the number of miles to Rideout's. Getting off about
seven, we walked to Clayton, twenty-five miles, along a very rough,
uninteresting road. Long distances were entirely without dwellings,
and it was late in the day before we found a dinner house. This we
did, a mile or so within the Georgia line, with a man named Kelley,
an old soldier in Ransom's brigade. He was sick for a long while in
Wilmington, and was tenderly nursed by a Raleigh lady, whose name
he had forgotten but was anxious to recover.

Four miles from Clayton, we met a tramp like ourselves, who turned
out to be a New Yorker named Dolge — son of the man of felt-shoe
fame — who had walked all the way from Florida, and intended to
keep on tramping till he reached his home. A little farther on we
were caught by a violent thunderstorm, and almost knocked down by
the lightning. The bolt struck within thirty yards of us, producing
a sensation of having been hit with some force on the head with a
stick. Clayton is a wretched village, the county-seat of Rabun county,
the most lawless, disreputable county in Georgia. The Rabun roads
are especially bad, exceeding any in North Carolina -except those of
Yancey.

On the morning of Saturday, the 23d, we set off about half-past
five for Tallulah, Son on a miserable nag and I in the mail carrier's
buggy. The old mail carrier, a great fool, diverted himself all the
way swearing at his horse, but, with all that, it took us nearly six hours
to go seventeen miles. Stopping only a few minutes to refresh our-
selves, we hastened onward on foot for Toccoa, some sixteen miles
away. The famous Toccoa Falls are certainly very beautiful — a perfect
gem, of a hundred and eighty-four feet clear pitch. Toccoa, it is said,
means beautiful, while Tallulah signifies grand.

We lingered long at this lovely spot, but soon the setting sun

160 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

warned us to depart. Toccoa City, where we intended to take the cars
back to Tallulah, was but a few miles off, but to our intense chagrin
the cars had left us. Our information as to the schedule had been
wrong. About eight, a man agreed to take us in a hack as far as
Turnerville for a dollar and a quarter apiece, and we accepted his
offer. From Turnerville to Tallulah, four miles, we walked by the
light of the full moon, a, id arrived at the hotel about two, bringing
down upon our devoted heads the deep curses of the proprietor and
guests for having so rudely broken their slumbers.

Sunday at Tallulah! what more delightful? Here the Tallulah
river, quite a large stream, breaks through the mountain district down
into the upland hills. Within a mile it falls over a thousand feet,
thundering through a narrow chasm hundreds of feet deep. The falls
themselves are five in number, all fine, but none of any great height,
the highest not being over ninety feet, but taken with the surround-
ings, the scene is truly sublime. Taking advantage of the civilized
customs with which we came in contact — for Tallulah is a summer re-
sort, and boasts three large hotels — we breakfasted late, but at once
went to the falls and spent several hours around them. In the after-
noon I went again, alone. The sun now cast his beams aslant, leaving
one side of the canon in deep shadow, the other still brilliantly lighted.
The roaring river drowned all other sounds, and long I was utterly
alone, save for a few great birds which now and then flew over me.
As I sat on a projecting rock on the side of the cliff, looking down at
the Tempestia, there came over me thoughts too deep for utterance.
But at length my reverie was broken, when I saw far beneath me a
couple laughing and talking as they came suddenly around the wooden
tower by the falls.

On the following day we entered again within the gate of that para-
gon of towns — Clayton ; almost worn out, but cold lemonade was very
refreshing. While resting at Clayton, the Western mineralogist, Dr.
C. D. Smith, came in. He, like ourselves, was going to Franklin, and
we soon agreed to stop for the night at the same house, but as he was on
horseback and we afoot, we started first. When we reached the stop-
ping-place, however, what should the woman do but refuse to receive
us ! She evidently thought we were genuine tramps, and was about to
set the dog on us, when we remembered to have heard something

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 161

about discretion being the better part of valor and beat a retreat.
The house was just inside the State line, and we accounted for the
woman's lack of hospitality by her proximity to the State of Georgia.
We were helped to this conclusion by the fact that about two hours
before we had had to pay for the buttermilk, which hitherto had inva-
riably been given to us, often with real pleasure. I may say just here,
though, that we afterwards got rid of this exalted notion of North
Carolina hospitality. Speaking of being considered tramps, the various
personages we were taken for was really amusing. At Tallulah we
were thought professional base-ballists. Later, we were classed as sur-
veyors, and at another place the people threw stones at us, regarding
us as revenue officers. Yet, through all this, we had consoling satis-
faction in the fact that nobody thought we were book-agents.

When we were turned off by the woman with the bull-dog, we had
already walked twenty-six miles, but stern necessity forced us four
miles further. At this station there was a kitchen and one room with
three beds, and two women and an old man dwelt there. They
informed us that they usually retired early, and we, after thirty miles,
didn't seriously object. But there were the women ! How were we
to go to bed while they remained in the room ? Suddenly they dis-
appeared, and we rushed under cover before they could come back.
The old man then blew out the lamp, and I knew no more; but Son
says he afterwards heard their fairy forms moving around, preparatory
to bestowing themselves to rest. In the morning they had arisen
before we awoke.

By ten next day we reached Franklin, a pretty, growing town, the
county-seat of Macon. Crossing the Cowee Range, we came to Web-
ster that evening. Webster is three miles from the railroad, and, like
all such towns, is utterly dead. But, instead of accepting the situation,
and moving the county-seat to the railroad, the people have just built
there a handsome court-house. Passing Sylva, we followed the rail-
road to Waynesville. It was a most horrible walk. With the track
muddy and slippery ; with rain, rain, rain all day long, not even rubber
coats and umbrellas kept us dry. Once at Waynesville, a hot fire and
a large batch of letters from home put us in a good humor. Recover-
ing on the following day from our disappointment at not being able to
go to Pisgah, a trip which the lowering clouds told us would be useless,

162 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

we took the train for Asheville, and thence to Black Mountain, where
the hotel was opened for our special benefit.

The Murphy branch of the Western North Carolina Railroad is a
very sorry road. The track is in a wretched condition, and there are
evidences of neglect on every hand. The freight and passenger trains
are combined, and it is very ludicrous to see the engine not able to
pull the whole train up the steep grades, but take it up in installments.
The engineers are paid so much for every mile they run, and so they
double — as the installment plan is called — as often as they can find
opportunity.

At breakfast at Black Mountain on the 30th, we were astonished to
see Dolge, the fellow whom we had met near Clayton, and who, hav-
ing gone on to Asheville, had waited two days to go to Mt. Mitchell
and the Roan with us. He was a bright fellow, amusingly Northern
in sentiment, but quite agreeable. Glad to have a new companion,
we sauntered along till we came to the house of Charlie Glass, who
was to be our guide. He could not start at once, so we went fishing,
but had no luck. We at last got off about three, but stepped on the
way to admire Senator Vance's elegant country home, Gombroon,
set on a knoll right at the foot of Mt. Mitchell in a dense wood.

It was getting late, so we hurried on up the mountain. Glass went
very slowly, and appeared to feel the walk more than we did. He
certainly puffed and blew far more. It grew more and more foggy
every minute, and we soon perceived that it would be impossible to
reach the top by sunset or even night. The fog became so dense and
wet that we could have seen nothing had we been there, so rather
than climb the mountain in the dark, we stopped to camp in a grassy,
open place a mile from the peak. Coats were now very comfortable *
and a fire was demanded. After much effort we succeeded in build-
ing one in spite of the fog which had now become rain, and the want
of an axe which Glass had neglected to bring up. Water was near by.
so we had no trouble on that score. The spring was very cold : 46 F.,
colder than the one at the Half-way House, which was 49 F.

It was now dark, and we were hungry. Glass made the coffee and
we prepared supper. Suddenly we found that our vigilant guide had
brought no cup out of which to drink the coffee. Consequently, we
had to drink from the spout, passing the pot from one to the other —
the coffee being without sugar, which Glass did not even possess.

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 163

Nevertheless, we enjoyed supper hugely, biscuits and half a chicken
apiece. We sat around the fire, expecting Glass to narrate thrilling
bear stories to us, and tried in every way to bring him out, but he
remained obstinately silent, gazing lazily at the fire. Cutting balsam
boughs, we dried them over the fire and made a bed, then lay down
with our feet to the fire and attempted to sleep, with only two thin
blankets for all four of us. Weariness closed our eyes, but ere long
the patter of rain and a sensation of great cold awoke us. A rousing
fire warmed us up, and a cessation in the rain enabled us to sleep once
more.

Day came at last, but no rosy-fingered Aurora, goddess of the morn,
greeted our expectant eyes. One blank, impenetrable wall of white
mist on every side was all we could see. Breakfast — scanty, for
Glass didn't bring enough — and a good fire, but chiefly the brisk walk
to the Peak, set our blood in circulation once more. By the cairn over
Dr. Mitchell's grave we waited two hours before we could obtain a
bit of view, and then only towards the North. In an hour more all
was again cloudy, and, fearing rain, we hurried down the west side of
the mountain to Dolph Wilson's, parting from Glass with unfeigned

j°y-

Our ascent of Mt. Mitchell was thus disagreeable to the last degree.
We could say that we had been to the top of Mt. Mitchell and seen
Dr. Mitchell's grave, but that was all. And yet, the trip was far
from being altogether joyless. The great forests of towering balsams
which covered the mountain to its very top, almost inspired us
with awe ; breathing that delicious odor, which seemed to banish
as if by magic all feeling of sickness and weariness. The magnificent
"purple laurel, entirely out of bloom in the valleys, was in full
flower on the summit of the highest peak of the Appalachian
chain. It grew in very large clusters, every separate flower perfect, on
bushes which were almost trees. A species of purple lily, of which there
were great beds, struck me as being particularly pretty. It showed a
mass of small flowers on a tall, stiff stalk, making a pale purple cylin-
der of from two to four inches long, and from one to two in diameter.

Sunday, July 1st, at Dolph Wilson's. I had rested all Saturday

afternoon, so I thought myself justified in going to Mitchell and Blue

Sea Falls on Sunday. Son was unwell, and Dolge didn't care to go,

so Wilson and I started alone soon after breakfast to go up the creek

2

1 64 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

on which were Mitchell Falls. Verily we had rather a rough time of it.
There was no path, and we picked our way as best we could, first
going along a cattle trail, then taking to the bed of the stream, next
through laurel thickets to the Falls. It is a very dark, dismal spot,
and its associations make it a sad one to visit. After cutting sticks
and collecting mementoes, we retraced our steps four miles and sat
down on rocks in the stream to eat our dinner. O, that dinner!
Chicken, biscuit and honey, of excellent quality and very satisfactory
quantity. The afternoon we devoted to the Blue Sea Falls, pretty
but not remarkable.

The road to Bakersville next day was rough, hot and hilly. We
stopped to call on Big Tom Wilson, but, greatly to our regret, he was
not at home. Yancey county, through which we were now passing,
was worse even than Rabun county. Georgia, and that is saying much.
The inhabitants are miserable looking, inhospitable and poverty
stricken. We were refused dinner no less than three times, and the one
we did get made us sick. Then, too, the people lied so outrageously
about distances. Within a quarter of a mile, three people said the
distance to Bakersville was nine, eighteen and twelve miles. All were
wrong. It was really fifteen.

Next morning, on the way to the Roan, we went to the Clarissa
Buchanan mica mines, the only mines in Mitchell county then being
worked. But even they were mined only a little. The industry has been
ruined by foreign cheap mica. We went down into the shaft of this
mine, with lamp on finger, climbing with great care down the ladders
and clinging to ropes to avoid falling. Nobody was actually at work,
and we soon got enough and came up. covered with mica mud, which
is nothing to be sneered at, for it is almost impossible to get rid of it.

Loading ourselves with specimens, we set off for the Roan over a
mountain, small but very steep. But, alas! when the other side had
been gained after much labor, we found that we were still only at the
foot of the Roan. And it began to rain! Delightful ! delightful !
We trudged on, though, and at last got to the top. But what good
did that do us ? We couldn't see two steps away — nothing but clouds,
clouds, above, below, all around us. Such a thing as a glorious sun-
set was out of the question. We gave that up, and only longed to
reach the Cloudland Hotel. It seemed to us that after reaching the
top, the road went down, and we feared we should be overtaken

A MOUNTAIN TRAMP. 165

by night before we could find shelter. But suddenly the big barn-like
hotel loomed up into view, and we had gained the haven where we.
would be. Next day we found that, in some mysterious way, we had
gone round the hotel and come up on the Tennessee side. How it
happened is strange. Never can the writer rest satisfied, till he inves-
tigates the matter when he can see. The Cloudland Hotel is a great
box, built entirely of balsam, cut and sawed near the top of the moun-
tain. It is remarkable for two things : first, its great size, and, second,
for the vast number of knots in the walls. The great amusement is
to knock them out by a sharp blow with a cane. It is possible to
become very dextrous at this. The hotel has never paid well. It is
too inaccessible, and, besides, it is too cold; and half the time it is
hardly possible to see anything. It is, however, a paradise to sufferers
from hay-fever.

About twelve on the following day the fog lifted, and we had a
tolerable view. In clear weather, the view is far the finest and most
extensive in the eastern part of the United States, and the mountain
itself is the most interesting in the Alleghanies. It is so immense and
so peculiar, with its round peaks, treeless, and covered with a thick,
beautiful grass ; with its hundreds of acres of dense laurel thickets ; its
remarkable flora, which, in number and variety, exceeds that found in
any one locality in America.

Going down on the Tennessee side, we spent the night at Burbank
with Mrs. Tappan. On the Roan, as at Mt. Mitchell, the sun shone
out in all his splendor just as we came off the mountain. At ten next
day, we took the narrow-gauge to Cranberry at Roan Mountain Station,
parting there with our friend Dolge, to our mutual regret. The Cran-
berry magnetic iron mines are very extensive, but at that time little
ore was being mined, only enough in fact to keep the furnace at work.

That afternoon we went on to Banner's Elk, getting very wet by a
hard shower along the way. A night at Mr. Dugger's, with hot fire,
excellent maple syrup and buckwheat cakes, and we followed the new
road to Blowing Rock, passing by the foot of Grandfather, and arrived
at our journey's end about four in the afternoon. The crowd of hotel
visitors gazed at us in amazement as we came in, for we were in truth
a dilapidated pair. We found our trunks all safe, and robing ourselves
in the dress of civilization, ceased to be a novelty. Our tramp was
over. W. J. B.

1 66 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D.

ROBERT PAINE DICK, Judge of the United States Court for the
Western District of North Carolina, is the son of John McClintock
Dick, a Judge of the Superior Court of this State for twenty-six
years. His mother was, before her marriage, Parthenia P. Williamson,
of Person county. Robert, the second of ten children, was born
October 5th, 1823.

Young Dick was prepared for college at the Caldwell Institute, in
Greensboro, of which that eminent teacher, Rev. Dr. Alexander
Wilson, was principal. Rev. John A. Gretter, a divine of strong mind
and extensive learning, was also one of his teachers, so that young
Dick entered the Sophomore class of the University of North Caro-
lina with excellent preparation. He graduated with distinction in 1843.
Among his classmates were Col. John L. Bridgers, Rev. Dr. Jos. C.
Huske, Mr. Jas. A. Leak, of Anson, Capt. Walter W. Lenoir, Hon. T. S.
D. McDowell, Judge Samuel J. Person, Mr. Thos. D. Walker and Major
Clement G. Wright. He was faithful to every duty, a close and
successful student, an elegant writer and good speaker. To secure
greater retirement, he arranged for himself a pleasant seat by a lovely
spring in the University forest, and there, in the cool shade, on pleasant
days, was accustomed to prosecute his studies and occasionally make
the forest ring with his declamations. He was diligent in the perform,
ance of his duties as a member of the Dialectic Society. Being an
honor graduate, he was entitled to a speech on the stage at his gradua-
tion. His subject", "The Resources of North Carolina," and his treat-
ment of it, showed that he began life with the enthusiastic love of his
native State which he still possesses.

He chose law as his profession, preparing with industrious ardor
under his father and Mr. George C. Mendenhall, a noted practitioner
of that day. His classmate was Joseph R. McLean, who attained
eminence at the bar. He obtained his law license in 1845. an< ^ " hung
out his shingle" at the county-seat of Rockingham, called Wentworth,
after the family name of the Marquis of Rockingham, in honor of
whom the county was likewise called. He attended, as his regular
circuit, that county, with Guilford and Randolph, and afterwards
for several years, Surry, Stokes, Forsyth, Alamance and Caswell.

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D. 167

There were many lawyers of uncommon strength with whom young
Dick had to cope, such as Nat.Boyden, Anderson Mitchell, John Gray
Bynum the elder, Alexander Lillington, John F. Poindexter, Hugh
Waddell, John A. Gilmer the elder, John Kerr, George C. Mendenhall,
John H. Dillard, James T. Morehead, Ralph Gorrell and E. G. Reade,
but by faithfulness to .the interests of his clients, by thorough prepa-
ration of his cases, and zealous and intelligent handling them in court,
he soon received a fair share of business.

In 1848 he married Mary E. Adams, of Pittsylvania county, Virginia,
and soon afterwards removed to Greensboro, in Guilford county, where
he has since resided. They have five children.

Like nearly all ambitious young lawyers, Mr. Dick soon entered
political life. He was a member of the Democratic party. He did not
run for any office, but he made many political speeches on the Tariff,
Internal Improvements and State Rights, always opposing secession.
He met in debate not only his local opponents, Messrs. Gilmer, Gor-
rell and D. F. Caldwell, but eminent adversaries in various parts of
the State. These speeches were characterized by careful preparation,
fervid oratory and entire freedom from acrid personalities. His party
friends, recognizing his effective labors, sent him to the Democratic
National Convention at Baltimore in 1852, at which Franklin Pierce
and Wm. R. King were nominated. It is noticeable that both the can-
didates for the Vice-Presidency were alumni of our University, King
having entered in 1801, from the county of Sampson, and Wm. A.
Graham in 1821, from the county of Lincoln.

Mr. Dick did effective service in the campaign, and, notwithstanding
the popularity of Graham, the vcte of the State was cast for the
Democratic nominees. President Pierce, in recognition of his intelli-
gent labors for his party, conferred on him the office of United States
District Attorney, a position much prized by the lawyers of the State.

As a prosecuting officer, Mr. Dick was exceedingly zealous and
laborious in endeavoring to convict those whom he considered guilty,
while he was conscientiously merciful to those who, on investigation
of the evidence, were deemed to be innocent. No one has ever
charged him with persecution of those accused wrongfully, nor was
he ever guilty of attempting to entangle a truth-telling witness, or of
being rude and offensive to his brother lawyers. No prosecuting
officer could be more just than he to convicted criminals. No man

i63 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

could be fairer than he in the trial. No professional trick was ever
imputed to him. As a practitioner he was singularly free from
tendency to disputatious wrangling. He fought with pluck and
determination to win, but he fought with fairness and unfailing courtesy.
His opponents were among the most learned and dextrous lawyers
our State has had: such as George E. Badger, Wm. A. Graham,
Henry W. Miller, B. F. Moore, W. N. H. Smith, W. F. Martin and
others. He held the office until February, 1861, when he sent in his
resignation.

Mr. Dick, although firm in the principles of the old Democracy,
soon realized that the claim of the ultra Southern wing of the party,
that it was the duty of the United States to protect slave property in
all the Territories, would not be granted, and would lead to the triumph
of the party, which claimed that it was the duty of the United States
to exclude slave property from the Territories. He therefore attached
himself to Stephen A. Douglas, whose doctrine was, that the
United States should remain neutral and permit the inhabitants of
each Territory to permit or exclude slavery as they might elect. In
the Charleston Democratic Convention he struggled for the nomina-
tion of Douglas. When the adjourned Convention met at Baltimore,
he had the moral courage to refuse to join all the other members of
the North Carolina delegation in their secession and nomination of
Breckenridge at Richmond. So heated was the feeling, that all who
declined to sanction the action of the Richmond Convention were
freely denounced as traitors to the cause of the South.

Not only did Mr. Dick have the nerve to remain in the Baltimore
Convention, but also to serve as candidate for elector for the State at
large on the ticket of Douglas and Johnson, and with his friend,
Thomas Settle, to canvass for his favorites. Their only hope was that
there might not be a choice by the electors, and that the election
would be thrown into the House of Representatives.

The result showed that the passions engendered were too fierce to
admit of compromise. The Douglas ticket received an inconsiderable
support, the bulk of the Democratic party voting for Breckenridge.
The Douglas party, after this crushing defeat, divided, some returning
to the regular Democratic fold and others, including Mr. Dick, allying
themselves with the Union or Conservative party.

When the war began, and the Union men were forced to decide

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D. 169

between fighting for the Southern States or against them, they, wi:h
no avowed exception in North Carolina, concluded that it was be>i to
go with their section. Even those who had no hope of ultimate
success, thought that the permanent harmony and prosperity of our
people would be better secured by unity, though ending in defeat,
rather than by a furious intestine war, neighbor against neighbor.
The majority, however, undoubtedly concluded that the Northern
people had entered on a course of aggression against slavery which
would certainly end in its destruction, and while they denied the legal
right of secession, they claimed the right of revolution, such as our
ancestors exercised in the severance of their relations with England.
Whatever may have been their private views, all the Union party took
ground in favor of withdrawing the State from the Union and support-
ing the action by force of arms.

Mr. Dick followed his party. He accepted a seat in the Convention
of 1861, to which he was elected without opposition. It was probably
the ablest body ever held in the State, having among its elder mem-
bers such eminent men as Thomas Ruffin, the elder, George E. Badger,
Win. A. Graham, Weldon N. Edwards, Asa Biggs, Bedford Brown,
Kenneth Rayner, Abram Venable, N. W. Woodfin, Wm. S. Ashe,
John A. Gilmer, the elder, F. B. Satterthwaite, W. W. Holden, R. H.
Smith, James W. Osborne, H. C Jones the elder, Burton Craige, E. J.
Warren, Warren Winslow, Anderson Mitchell, D. S. Reid, W. F. Leak,
A. H. Arrington and Henry M. Shaw, besides a younger set like Geo.
V. Strong, David Schenck, Geo. Howard, Robert Strange, David A.
Barnes, Bryan Grimes, T. D. McDowell, D. D. Ferebee, C. R. Thomas,
John Manning, George Green, W. M. Shipp, Wm. Lander, R. H.
Cowan, R. F. Armfield, A. G. Foster, Wm. Johnston, Wm. A. Smith,
John D. Whitford, and others.

Mr. Dick was a worthy member of this body. He acted with the
party headed by Graham and Badger, rather than that headed by
Ruffin, Edwards, Biggs, and others. He voted for Badger's Declaration
of Independence in preference to Craige's Ordinance of Secession, but
when the former failed to pass, he, in common with all the other mem-
bers of the Convention, gave his voice for secession.

Until 1864, Mr. Dick acted with what was called the Conservative
party, of which Governor Vance was the leader. A number of promi-
nent men, seeing the impending destruction of the Southern armies,

i;o THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

concluded that it was time to inaugurate measures looking to peace.
They constituted quite a large part of the Conservative party, but
their efforts came to naught on account of the determination of the
President and Congress of the Confederate Government to risk
everything on the success of our armies. Mr. Dick, as Senior from
Guilford, warmly favored this movement. In his judgment the affairs
of the Confederacy were so desperate that regard for self-preservation
required that its authorities should make peace on the best terms pos-
sible. His prominence in these trying times led to the request by Presi-
dent Johnson in 1865, that he, with others, viz.: B. F. Moore, David L.
Swain, W. W. Holden, Wm. Eaton and W. S. Mason, should proceed to
the seat of government and advise with him as to the best mode of
restoring the State government. He, in common with Messrs. Moore,
Swain and Eaton, earnestly advised the restoration of the State under
its old Constitution and form of government, with some necessary
amendments, as he believed that the attempt at secession had -been
null and void, and that the State being still in the Union, its people
were entitled to all the rights of citizens under the Constitution of the
United States. He also urged a general amnesty. The substance of
this plan had been approved by President Lincoln, and granted by
General Sherman in the articles of capitulation of General Johnston's
army, but President Johnson, after Lincoln's assassination, declined to
ratify it. He, however, tendered to Mr. Dick the office of United
States District Judge, which he accepted, but resigned when he found
that he could not retain it without taking the Test oath, commonly
called the " Iron Clad'" oath. He returned to the practice of the law
and soon gained a large business.

He was a member of the Convention of i865-'66, called at the
instance of President Johnson, who claimed that, as Commander-in-
Chief of the conquering army, he had a right to institute measures
for the reconstruction of the State government. Being convinced that
the restoration of the State to its normal relations with the Federal
government belonged to the legislative and not the executive branch
of the government, Mr. Dick advocated with zeal and ability the
acceptance of the " Howard Amendment," as containing the best
terms of reconstruction which Congress was likely to grant. As, in
his opinion, it was not only useless but harmful to resist the power of
Congress, he determined to assist in organizing the Republican party

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D. 171

in this State, and attended for that purpose the first convention of that
party, which was held in 1867.

Judge Dick was elected, in April, 1868, a Justice of the-Supreme
Court of the State, with Richmond M. Pearson as Chief, and E. G.
Reade, Wm. B. Rodman and Thomas Settle as Associate Justices.
He held this position until 1872, when he resigned in order to accept
the Judgeship of the United States District Court for the Western
District of North Carolina, tendered him by President Grant.

As a member of the Supreme Court, Judge Dick was called to aid
in deciding many delicate and difficult questions growing out of con-
flicting legislation, the Constitution of 1868 and the Code of Civil
Procedure. Very many provisions of the new Constitution were
obscurely expressed, and sometimes apparently contradictory, and
often the General Assembly passed acts without regarding the novel
restrictions of the new Constitution. The Court showed great
ability in deciding constitutional questions arising under these
conditions, and firmness in declaring null the action of the ' leg-
islative branch when it violated the fundamental law. In constru-
ing the Code of Civil Procedure, which was a great innovation
in the habits of our people, especially the legal fraternity, the Court
declined to be bound by the rulings of judges of other States which
had adopted it, and considered the questions only in the light of the
constitutional and legal history of our own State. Thus, with occa-
sional amendments by the General Assembly, has been built up a Code
so suited to the needs of North Carolina as to secure not only the
toleration but the approval of our lawyers and the laity.

As Judge of the District Court, Judge Dick has been distinguished
for his kindly temper in administering the internal revenue laws of the
United States. Recognizing the fact that the interference by these
laws with the business habits of isolated communities from time
immemorial has produced many cases of violation by men and women,
in other matters law-abiding, he has, as far as his duty allowed, tem-
pered judgment with mercy. The writer of this sketch witnessed an
instance of this kindness of heart, which, on account of its novel char-
acter, deserves to be recorded. A woman, who had evidently passed
the limits of middle age, though her bronzed complexion left the dis-
tance beyond it in doubt, was indicted for selling whiskey without a
license. For the first time in North Carolina the accused was allowed

172 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

to testify in her own behalf. She carried on the stand an infant, tug-
ging away under her shawl for his morning's supply of lacteal fluid.
While she was giving in her testimony, the babe becam; furiously
dissatisfied with his pasturage and clamored lustily. His Honor said,
"Cannot you get some one to take your child?" She apparently mis-
understood and stretched out her arms to give him to the Judge. " Oh,
I don't want it," said his Honor; "can't you give it to some one
else?" Whereupon, a man came up and carried it off. The woman
was convicted and the Judge said, " I do not know what to do with
this woman. I cannot imprison her, without imprisoning her innocent
babe. I must let her go .on her own recognizance." He then gave
the criminal a most feeling lecture and she went on her way rejoicing.
After she had gone long enough to reach her mountain home it leaked
out that the child was not her own, but had been borrowed for the
purpose of arousing sympathy in the breasts of court and jury.

The Judge presides with impartial courtesy and patience, and
studies the cases before him with the utmost care. His rulings have
been generally sustained by the appellate courts.

During the intervals of his judicial labors he has for ten years past,
in association with John H. Dillard, late Judge of the Supreme Court
of the State, had charge of a law school. He instructs his students
with assiduous and sympathetic care, and is much beloved by them.
A number of his lectures have been printed. Their subjects are :
"Laws of the Ancient Nations; " " Laws of the Ancient Hebrews; '"
"The Civil and the Common Law ; " "The Bible as an Educator;
" Revolutions in English History ; " " The Anglo-Saxon and the Nor-
man ; " " The Languages of the Law." These lectures, written in an
elegant style, evince extensive reading, and are most instructive intro-
ductions to the study of the law.

Judge Dick has not only devoted attention to the law and to history,
but he has specially studied Biblical literature. Few preachers of the
Gospel have explored these treasures with intelligent enthusiasm equal
to his. In Sunday afternoon lectures to his law classes, he has treated with
singular beauty of language and wealth of illustration "The Influence
of Poetry and the Bible on Modern Civilization ; " " The Education,
Character and Laws of the Hebrews;" "The Style of Hebrew
Poetry;" "The Events in the History of the Hebrews which contrib-
uted to their Poetic Development ; " " Messianic Hopes ; " " Climate

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D. 173

and Scenery of Palestine ; " " The History and Traditions of Paradise ; "
"The Sabbath;" "The Manners and Customs of the Hebrews, their
Political Freedom, National Unity and Religion, their Art Culture ; "
" The Tabernacle and Temple, and the Passover ; " " The Age of
David and Solomon ; " " The Influence of Hebrew Poetry upon
Christian Hymnology ; " " The Pentateuch, and the Books of Ruth,
Esther and Job;" " The Psalms, the Song of Songs, Proverbs and the
Prophecies ; " " The Prophets ; " " The Characteristics of Hebrew
Poetry ; " "The Uninspired Poetry of the Hebrews;" "The Jews in
History, and their Return to the Promised Land."

These topics are discussed in sixteen lectures, making a volume of
over two hundred pages, written in a most loving and reverent spirit,
and in beautiful, often exceedingly eloquent language. The following
extracts will give some idea of Judge Dick's style :

"As literary productions, judged by the standards of human excel-
lence, we think we can truthfully say that the Psalms, taken all in all,
are the sweetest, the tenderest, the most sublime lyrics to be found in
literature, and they have exerted the highest and holiest influences
upon the happiness, culture and progress of mankind. There is no
poetry like the Psalms. They have a living beauty and depth of
pathos which can never be excelled and will always wake the highest
and holiest harmonies of the human heart. They indeed are immortal."
* * * " In the magnificent temple service, how grandly did they swell in
choral joy as they mingled with the music of psaltery and harp, swept
by the hands of Korah's tuneful sons. They fired the genius of the
ancient prophets as they poured forth their sublime rhapsodies to
rebellious Israel and disobedient Judah. They gladdened the solitude
of the simple Hebrew shepherd, as he fed his flock through the green
pastures and beside the still waters of his heaven-blest land, and the
dark-eyed daughters of Zion knew no sweeter minstrelsy than that
which the royal minstrel sang. They called up sweet memories and
bright hopes in the sad hearts of the captive Israelites as, weeping, they
sat by the dark waters of Babel, and in secret tuned their plaintive harps
to sing one of the loved songs of their fatherland. * * * They were
the cradle songs that cheered the infant church (of Christ) — they were
the martyr's chant in the bloody amphitheatre, and rose to heaven
amid the wild and cruel shouts of heathen persecutors. They sounded
like blest voices through mediaeval darkness, and they were the vesper

174 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

and matin hymns of the pious Waldenses in their mountain temples.
They kindled the enthusiasm of the chivalrous Crusader, as he pressed
through the arrows of pestilence and the storm of battle to the rescue
of the Holy Sepulchre. They were the defiant notes of the bold
Reformers, while they roused Europe from spiritual lethargy and
disregarded the pealing thunders of the Vatican. In wild and thril-
ling cadences they echoed from the glens and caverns of Scotland,
where the stern Covenanters fearing naught but God, were preparing to
die for the purity and sanctity of their faith; and they were the paeans
of the iron veterans of Cromwell, as in victory they trod the battle-fields
of freedom. They were the farewell strains of Pilgrim Fathers as
they left their kindred and country, and in holy raptures they rose
from the deck of the Mayflower as she breasted the wintry billows of
the stormy Atlantic, and they broke the stillness of the American
wilderness and hallowed the land of our fathers. * * * Like angel visi-
tants, with glad music on their wings, they have entered the stately
homes of the great and the humble cottages of the poor, and illumined
with heavenly radiance the fading eyes of dying saints. They have
nerved the heart of the suffering Christian hero in his lonely dungeon
and sustained fainting martyrs at the fiery stake. They have expressed
the deepest emotions of worshippers in the mosques of Islam, the
churches of Christendom and the secret chambers of penitence and
prayer. They have been attuned to the noblest melodies of earth ;
have been associated with the purest affections and dearest memories of
home, and everywhere have been the language of the human heart as it
poured forth its earnest longings and brightest hopes of heaven. * * *
Although they have passed through the revolutions and changes of
three thousand years, which have wrecked nearly all the productions
and memorials of man's pride, intellect and ambition, they have in
spirit much of the vitality and freshness which they had when they
gushed from the hearts and minds of the old Hebrew bards among
the beautiful hills and valleys of the Promised Land."

Judge Dick's powers as a writer and orator are frequently called on.
He has delivered literary addresses at the State University, at David-
son College and many academies and schools. His kindly heart has
been deeply impressed with the evils of indulgence in alcoholic stim-
ulants, as he has witnessed hundreds of promising men, some of them
his neighbors and friends, go down from this cause in wretchedness to

ROBERT PAINE DICK, LL. D. 175

their graves. He has been for years an ardent advocate of temperance
reform, and has frequently delivered strong addresses for its furtherance.

In 1881 he was selected by the old students of Chief-Justice Pear-
son, who had recently died, to deliver the memorial address on the
unveiling of the statue erected to his memory by them in Oakvvood
Cemetery, near Raleigh. He gave an admirable pen -portrait of that
eminent jurist, taking occasion to state strongly the points in vindica-
tion of his rectitude of intention in matters concerning which there
had been adverse public criticism.

Judge Dick is an active and useful member of the Presbyterian
Church, being one of the congregational officers — ruling elder. He
takes much interest in Sunday-school instruction, being superinten-
dent of that connected with his church. He is a devout and humble
follower of the Saviour, accepting undoubtingly the old Articles of
Faith, preferring the Bible and the Shorter Catechism above all the
speculations of pseudo-science.

In conclusion of this brief and imperfect sketch of one who is
unquestionably a most prominent figure in the political and legal
history of our State, it may be said with truth that Judge Dick's
extraordinary success in life has been due to, and accompanied by,
intelligent and laborious preparation for and performance of every
duty undertaken, the possession of good intellectual endowments,
rigid temperance in living, rectitude of conduct, high moral courage,
kindliness of heart and courtesy of manner, conscientious observance
of the Golden Rule. Having held positions of peculiar difficulty in
angry and perilous times, often severely censured by party opponents,
but, without recriminating, content to let his good living be his vindi-
cation, he now, as he approaches the confines of old age, is happy in
possessing the good will and confidence of the people of his State.

Kemp P. Battle.

176 the university magazine.

Biographical Sketches

OF THE

CONFEDERATE DEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Edited by Stephen B. Weeks.

Hughes, Nicholas Collin. The following sketch is from the pen
of a writer in the Wilmington Star and was republished in the Newbern
Journal of Commerce of March 23, 1870. We give it entire:

Capt. N. Collin Hughes, Assistant Adjutant General of Pettigrew's
Brigade, Heth's Division of our Army of Northern Virginia, son of
Dr. Isaac W. and Eliza A. McLin, of Newbern, N. C, was born in
Newbern on the 10th of March, 1840. His father was a physician of
rare attainments and extensive practice, and a gentleman of wealth
and great influence in his community.

From his earliest childhood Capt. Hughes gave evidence of the
many good qualities which distinguished him in afterlife. Truth, can-
dor, frankness, generosity and the keenest sense of honor were his
attributes in an eminent degree.

His mother dying while he was yet an infant, his childhood and
youth passed away under the guidance of the most devoted and faith-
ful of fathers, giving bright promise of the future.

In the fall of 1855 Capt. Hughes entered the University of North
Carolina, at Chapel Hill, where he soon won for himself the respect
and esteem of his professors and the almost universal love of his class-
mates and companions. Graduating with distinction in June, 1859, he
entered at once upon the study of the law at Pottsville, Pennsylvania,
in the office of his uncle, Hon. F. W. Hughes, late Attorney General
of that State ; but foreseeing in some measure the troublous times
then in store for our country, he returned to Newbern to pursue his
professional studies in the fall of i860.

In January, 1861, Capt. Hughes was appointed by our late Gover-
nor, John W. Ellis, his aid-decamp, with the rank of colonel, and was
filling this honorable position upon the memorable 13th of April, 1 861 .
Immediately upon the outbreak of hostilities occasioned bytheiniqui-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 177

tous attempt of the United States to subjugate our people for the
assertion merely of the right of self-government, Capt. Hughes was
ordered by the Governor to report for duty to the lamented Col. C.
C Tew, commanding officer at Fort Macon on Beaufort Harbor. By
the latter he was assigned to the duties of Adjutant of the Post, to
the faithful discharge of which he bent all his energies. In this posi-
tion he was permitted to remain but a short time. The increasing
labors of the Governor, with his fast failing health, imperatively
demanded the presence of all his staff at Raleigh, and thither Capt.
Hughes was summoned. But his chivalrous spirit could ill brook the
routine of office duty while brave deeds were to be done, and he early
sought service in the field. Appointed First Lieutenant in the Second
Regiment of North Carolina Infantry, under his old commander, Col.
Tew, he was again assigned to the responsible post of Adjutant on the
16th of May, 1861. An appointment as First Lieutenant in the First
North Carolina Cavalry (9th Reg't N. C. Troops) was offered him, but
he declined, preferring to serve with his old Colonel, who had learned
already to appreciate his worth. A generous desire to promote a
brother officer caused him to seek a transfer from the staff to the line,
and as First Lieutenant of Company I, Second North Carolina
Infantry, he served through the campaigns on the Potomac in 1861-62,
upon the Peninsula in the spring of 1862, and in command of his
company he passed safely, with credit and distinction, through the
series of battles before Richmond, Virginia, in May and June, 1862.
His company was deployed as skirmishers at Mechanicsville, Cold
Harbor and Malvern Hill, and his management of his command gave
evidence of great coolness, courage and ability. At the close of this
campaign his health, never very good, gave way and a painful illness
compelled his absence from the campaign in Northern Virginia which
terminated at Sharpsburg. Even during his convalescence his anxiety
to be of service did not flag, as was evidenced by his untiring attention
at Raleigh and elsewhere to the bureau and other business of his
regiment.

Upon rejoining the army he was promoted and appointed on the
30th of October, 1862, Captain and Assistant Adjutant General of the
Brigade of our peerless soldier, the gifted and brilliant Pettigrew. It
could not fail to subsist, and soon there grew up between the two
high-toned soldiers not merely mutual appreciation and esteem, but

178 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the most cordial attachment. In his new capacity Captain Hughes
quickly attained an enviable reputation for the promptness, intelli-
gence and zeal he manifested in the discharge of his duties. He was
with his brigade in its several campaigns in North Carolina under
Gens. French and D. H. Hill. In the demonstration against Newbern
by the latter General in March, 1S63, Pettigrew's Brigade occupying
the left bank of Neuse river near Barrington's ferry, he was painfully
wounded and temporarily blinded while reconnoitering, by a shell
from a Federal gunboat. From the effects of this wound he recovered
in time to participate in the siege of Washington, N. C, in April,
1863, by Gen. D. H. Hill. While there, his brigade met and drove
back a much superior force of the enemy advancing from Newbern to
the relief of Washington.

An incident which occurred on the march of Pettigrew's Brigade
upon Newbern is worthy of note as showing the devotion of this
noble young officer. A stream near Swift Creek, N. C, over which
the artillery was obliged to pass was not bridged. Secrecy and dis-
patch were essential to the success of the expedition, and thinking the
work of erecting a bridge proceeded too slowly, Captain Hughes
sprang from his horse, plunged into the water more than waist deep,
and both by precept and example hastened its completion.

In June, 1863, Pettigrew's Brigade was transferred to Heth's Divis-
ion, Army of Northern Virginia, and with' it shared the fortune of
the campaign of that year. At Gettysburg, Pa., Captain Hughes
passed unhurt through the actions of the 1st and 2d of July, rendering
with his brigade distinguished service.

When remonstrated with by his oldest brother, Maj. John Hughes,
for his rash daring and careless exposure of his life in these engage-
ments, he gaily replied: " I will not be hurt. I will survive this war
and live to a good old age in the enjoyment of domestic happiness."

In the fatal battle of the 3d his conduct was brilliant. Upon that
fearful day, when the strife raged the fiercest, and his command with
desperate courage dashed in headlong charge up the frowning heights
of Cemetery Hill, his handsome form could everywhere be seen, and
his manly voice rang out in tones r{ encouragement to the gallant
men. Down ! Ah ! 'tis but his gallant steed ; and rising, again his
shout is, " Forward ! Forward !" Again ! and now, though laid low by
a ghastly wound from which his young life's tide ebbs all too fast, he

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 179

forgets his great suffering to call the attention of his chief, who is in
command of the division, to the brigade on the extreme left which is
wavering.

Our army fell back and recrossed the Potomac into Virginia; and
he, heroic though mangled, elected to forego the chance of a possible
recovery by remaining to fall a prisoner into the hands of the enemy,
and chose rather to endure the unutterable agony of a ride of three
nights and days in an ambulance to Martinsburg, Va., to die among
his friends. Here, at the house of Miss Buchanan, he breathed his last,
on the 15th of July, at the early age of 23. His brother, Dr. James
B. Hughes, Surgeon Second North Carolina Infantry, was with him,
and when the dying hero was gently told his end was fast approach-
ing, after a short meditation he turned to his brother and calmly said :
" Tell my father I have tried to do my whole duty to him and to my
country. I am not afraid to die. I think I shall go to heaven."
Peacefully the patriot's brave spirit passed away. God rest his soul !

In the peaceful, prosperous future, when our land feels the want in
senate and council of the gifted, disciplined intellect ; of the culti-
vated, liberal mind ; of far-seeing statesmen, North Carolina will
turn again with tears of longing regret to the memory of Captain N.
Collin Hughes, who died for her.

Editorially, the Journal says of him: " In the death of Captain N.
Collin Hughes, the State, as well as this community, sustained a great
loss, and his memory will be connected in the minds of those who
knew him with the virtuous attributes of intelligence, generosity and
a heroic, unselfish and devoted patriotism. The unknown writer of
the sketch pays a well merited tribute to the purity of his character,
his high order of intellect, his early success, his promise of future use-
fulness, and his courage as a soldier. His remains were removed from
their place of interment upon the soil of Maryland about two years
ago, and now rest in the family vault in Cedar Grove Cemetery, in
this city."— A Phi.

3

i8o

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Editor's Table.

We take great pleasure in presenting to
our readers this month a handsome por-
trait of Judge Robert P. Dick, with a me-
moir by Hon. Kemp P. Battle. It is hoped
that in the future each number of the Mag-
azine will contain an engraving of some
distinguished North Carolinian, with a bio-
graphical sketch, reviving in this respect the
custom of ante-bellum days.

A Sunday Nuisance. — We presume that
those who stand around the door of a church
after service to see who comes out, do not
think of what they are doing. A moment's
thought, however, will convince one that in so
doing he is committing a piece of gross impo-
liteness. It is not only embarrassing, but pain-
ful, for a lady on leaving church to be compelled
to run the gauntlet of the steady gaze of forty
or fifty pairs of eyes. And though disagree-
able in the extreme to ladies who are well
known, what must it be to strangers, who, as
they pass down the files of boys on either
side the walk, can but hear whispers as to
who they are, and remarks on their personal
appearance ? We trust that the mere men-
tion of this matter will insure its discontinu-
ance. We are sure that nothing whicli at all
tends to the discomfort of the fair sex will be
knowingly committed by the representatives
of the Southern chivalry of to-day.

Afternoon Walks. — Walking recently
with two Seniors on successive days, we were
struck by the different tone with which they
spoke of their approaching separation from
Chapel Hill and its surroundings. One de-
clared that he was sick of the place, and
almost hoped he should never see it again.
The other said, feelingly, that the four years
of his stay here were certainly the happiest
which he had yet experienced, and he did
not doubt they would continue to be so. Let
us look at simply one cause of this difference,
in the hope that it may have some influence

on those who are not Seniors, but have some
time longer to remain here. Neither of the
two Seniors is a devotee to athletics. In
fact, they are scarcely ever seen on the ball-
ground or in the gymnasium. Both obtain
their exercise from walking in the afternoon.
And just here comes in the difference • The
one in walking has as his sole object the
taking of a proper amount of exercise. He
always takes the same route — up Main street,
out by the depot, down the railroad. He
never sees anything, for there is nothing to
see, and all the time his thoughts are occu-
pied with his usual cares and worries. There
is really little relaxation from his studies,
and the consequence is that he does not at
all enjoy his walks, and gets very little good
out of them.

The other, however, in his afternoon rambles
has explored every spot in the whole vicinity.
Each evening he takes a different path, and
the constant change of scene, with picking
flowers and looking out for the beautiful on
every hand, draws his mind entirely from his
books, and the hour before supper, instead of
being a drag, a horrible bore, becomes the
most delightful part of the day.

We hope that the members of the lower
classes may profit by the experience of these
two Seniors. The non-athletic will walk, of
course. But, in walking, don't stroll up and
down the streets, or by the depot and down
the railroad. There can come from this no
advantage whatever, either physical or men-
tal. But excursions into the forests, down
the creek banks, over the hills, afford a com-
plete relaxation from books and put the blood
into healthy circulation, thus rendering one
really prepared for the duties of study and
recitation. Chapel Hill is blessed with walks
of the most beautiful character, of infinite
variety, and of length to suit an invalid or a
Hercules. For short distances — from a quar-
ter of a mile to two or three — Battle Park is.

EDITOR'S TABLE.

181

perhaps, the best. For long walks, one can
go down Morgan's or Bolin's Creek to Laurel
Hill, or Otey's Retreat, to Glen Burnie or
Pine Spring. But to enumerate the places of
interest around Chapel Hill would be useless.
They are well known, and the way to them
can be learned from almost any inhabitant of
the village. These tramps around and about
the Hill will ever remain one of the happiest
memories of one's college life.

History of Education in North Caro-
lina, by Chas. L.ee Smith. — This is the
first systematic history ever written of edu-
cation in North Carolina, and it is the best
answer yet made to the charge of dense and
degraded ignorance, so persistently and ma-
liciously made for half a century against
the people of our State. While it must be
confessed that the public-school system was
not efficient, and that the masses were not
well educated, yet private schools were abun-
dant, high schools and academies existed at
many places, and the University was founded
one hundred years ago.

Mr. Smith shows conclusively that recent
writers, especially Prof. John Fiske and Mr.
Henry Cabot Lodge, have either wilfully or
ignorantly wronged our ancestors most grossly.
Fiske has declared that, " Until just before
the war for Independence, there was not a
single school, good or bad, in the whole col-
ony. It need not be added that the whole
people were densely ignorant." Lodge says:
" There was scarcely any means of educa-
tion and no literature whatever."

Mr. Smith shows by the Colonial Records
that schools did exist, that creditable libra-
ries were established in several towns, and
that the leading public men of the day were
well educated and refined. A careful reading
of the Colonial Records will show that the

political and legislative papers produced by
the North Carolina political leaders were not
only superior in matter and in style to those of
their English governors, but were of a high
order of excellence, capable of comparison
with those produced in the other colonies.

Mr. Smith has written with a heart given
to North Carolina but equally to truth. The
book is evidently the result of much labor
and research, and its author has learned to
study history by using original material. He
has the happy mental balance which enables
him to weigh calmly both sides of disputed
questions. This is strikingly shown in his
treatment of the Pool administration of the
University during the period of " Recon-
struction." He is also gifted with apprecia-
tion of the picturesque and dramatic, as well
as with the faculty of illuminating a subject
by many lights from different distances focused
upon one point. He has produced a truthful,
impartial, and most interesting sketch of
education, in all its phases, in North Caro-
lina. The subjects treated are : Education
during the Colonial Period, the University,
the Colleges, the Female Academies, the Male
Academies, Education by the Friends, the
Public Schools, the Normal and Graded
Schools, the Teachers' Assembly.

The sketch of the University is admirably
written, and no doubt it will be a surprising
revelation to students of education in the
North when they read of the great work and
great influence for nearly a century of our
noble institution. The sketch contains a
dozen excellent engravings of the University
buildings and halls. In behalf of the Uni-
versity, we thank Mr. Smith and the Com-
missioner of Education.

Any one may obtain a copy of the book
by writing to the United States Commissioner
of Education, Washington, D. C.

1 82

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

The College World.

Sixteen prominent American colleges are
without presidents. — Ex.

Only 175 of the 380 universities and col-
leges in the United States publish papers. —
Ex.

The Catholic parochial schools of the
United States number three thousand, with
an enrollment of 511,000 pupils. — Ex.

The United States spends more on educa-
tion annually than England, France, Ger-
many, Austria and Russia combined. — Ex.

Several of the Harvard professors lock
the doors of their lecture-rooms, five minutes
after the recitation hour, in order not to be
interrupted by tardy students. — Ex.

Wellesley, with 620 students, is pro-
nounced the leading female college in Amer.
ica. Smith stands next, with 347; then Vas.
sar, 283; Wilson, 164, and Bryn Mawr with
70. — Ex.

Within the last year there has been nearly
$175,000 given to Rutgers College. This
amount was reached recently, when a friend
of the college gave between $75,000 and
$100,000 for a new dormitory.

Of the college graduates in President Har-
rison's Cabinet, James G. Blaine took his
degree at Washington College, Pennsylvania;
Redfield Proctor, at Dartmouth; John W.
Noble, at Yale;W.H.H. Miller.at Hamilton.

The students of Oxford and Cambridge
were not permitted to have fires until the
days of Henry VIII., and to warm them-
selves they ran for some distance — certainly a
cheap mode of obtaining warmth. — Anti-
quary.

Cornell, by a recent decision of the State
Courts, will lose $1,500,000 of the Jennie
McGraw legacy, unless the Supreme Court of
the United States reverses that decision.
Meantime, Cornell struggles -on with only
about $3,000,000, What poverty!

Ninety-two of Yale's graduates have be-
come college presidents. — Ex.

The largest college in the world is at Cairo,
Egypt, and contains 300 professors and 10,000
students of Mahomet. — Ex.

Stagg has consented to pilch again for
Yale. The difficulty now is to find a catcher
who can hold him, as Dann has not returned.

Georgetown College, the oldest Roman
Catholic college in this country, celebrated
its centennial, February 21, 22 and 23. The
invitations were printed in Latin.

Five hundred and fifty-nine women
have graduated from the fourteen leading
female colleges of America. Only 117 have
succeeded in getting married. — Ex.

The most heavily endowed educational
institutions in the United States are: Girard,
$10,000,000; Columbia, $5,000,000; Johns
Hopkins. $4,000,000; Princeton, $3,500,000;
Harvard, $3,000,000. — Ex.

Yale's Class of '75 will establish a new
Chair of Political Economy, the occupant of
which is to be a protectionist. — Ex.

President Dwiglit says that he does not
know how this report originated. Profes-
sor Sumner, who at present fills that chair at
Yale, is a free-trader, as are most of the
college professors of political economy.

The Harvard Board of Overseers is trying
to devise some means of making the students
attend lectures and recitations, greatly to the
disgust of the students, who seem to have
been in the habit of doing as they pleased
about a matter of such trifling importance.

An exchange, of February, says : "A novel
foot-ball contest^was* played at the Phila-
delphia Music Hall on March 7, between an
amateur team and the University of Penn-
sylvania eleven. The orchestra was floored
over and covered with soft matting, the field
being a little smaller than the usual fize.
The game^'was strictly a running one, no
kicking of^the ball allowed."

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

183

The number of students enrolled in the
365 colleges in the United States is 65,728. —
Ex.

Oxford University is the largest in the
world, comprising twenty-one colleges and
five halls. It has an annual income of six
million dollars. — Ex.

Johns Hopkins University is feeling
severely the lessening of its income, caused
by the failure of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad to pay dividends on stock owned by
that institution. One hundred thousand dol-
lars will be raised by private subscription to
meet immediate wants.

Bishop McTyeire, President of the
Board of Trustees of Vanderbilt University,
died on the 15th of February. He has
shaped the policy of that institution from
the time of its organization, having been
given almost absolute authority by the terms
of Commodore Vanderbilt's endowment.

We were wrong in stating in our last issue
that twenty hours of recitation a week are
required at Wellesley. According to the
Coutant, sixteen recitations of forty-five
minutes each is the maximum after the
Freshman year, while Sophomores are rec-
ommended to take but thirteen. We have
been wasting pity on these young ladies for
a month. They fare better than the most
of us.

Thus writes a fair maid in the Wellesley
Courant:

"Come out into the Wellesley woods with
me this windy day, and see for yourself the
witchery of our New England October."

The invitation comes a trifle late, dear girl,
and Wellesley must be six hundred miles
from here; bu,t we are half tempted to see the
witchery of Wellesley in early spring, if you
are still willing.

The Canada colleges still play the Rugby
game of foot-ball, with fifteen men on each
side, in spite of the manifest improvements
of the American game. At the meeting of
the Ontario Rugby Union, on February 1,

a proposition to reduce the number of play-
ers on a team to twelve was promptly sat
upon. " We don't want to Americanize the
game altogether, and that would do it." An
excellent reason, truly.

NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGES
AND SCHOOLS.

Davidson has a "jug band."

While the quarrel over the Graded School
has been going on in Raleigh, that institution
has outgrown its new buildings, and the
Trustees are now planning to increase the
accommodations.

The Bureau of Education at Washington
has published the third of a series of histo-
ries of education in the Southern States —
"The History of Education in North Caro-
lina," by C. L. Smith, of Johns Hopkins, a
graduate of Wake Forest. It is noticed in
our editorial pages.

The female schools in Raleigh gave recep-
tions to the legislators during the session of
the General Assembly.

" The Eleventh Annual Class Paper of
the Class of '78 of Davidson College " is
before us. It is a pamphlet of twenty-seven
pages, composed of letters from each mem-
ber of the class. These letters are written
in a pleasant conversational style to "My
Dear Classmates," telling what each man has
done during 1888, etc. It is a good idea,
and we recommend it to our graduating class.

We would like for their magazines to te
us the colors of the North Carolina colleges.
The University's are white and light blue

Foot Ball.

The first series of championship games of
the North Carolina Inter-collegiate Foot-ball
Association began March 1, with a game
between the University and Wake Forest, in
Raleigh. The game was a walk-over for the
University, Wake Forest being " out-witted
at every point." At the beginning, a V by
the University seemed to paralyze them,

1 84

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

and they played on the defensive the whole
game. Our team owed its success to its
ood B organization; they played as a team,
rather than as individuals, though Bragaw
distinguished himself by some excellent runs,
and George Graham for his kicking, espe-
cially one drop-kick, about forty yards from
the line, which secured a goal. Dowd, of
Wake Forest, played well, but had no sup-
port. They were powerless to prevent our
team from making five yards when we had
the ball, and they generally lost ground when
they had the snap-back.

The players were :
University. Wake Forest.

Murphy Centre _. Devin.

Fearington Right Guard. .Williamson.

Little Left Guard Richardson.

Johnston, R.T..Rigkt Tackier -Mitchell.

Huggins Left Tackier. .Riddick.

Blount... Right End White,

Corpening Left End . . . .Olive.

Rhem Quarter-Back ..Upchurch.

Bragaw.. R. Half-Back _. Dowd.

Howell, L L. Half-Back -Merritt.

Graham, G Full Back Royster.

Bragaw made three touch-downs, Rhem
one and Howell one; from two of these Gra-
ham secured goals; Graham made a field-
kick, and Wake Forest made two safeties.
Scoie: University, 33; Wake Forest, o.

The second foot-ball game of the Inter-
collegiate series was played in Raleigh,
March 8, between Trinity College and the
University. The teams were well matched,
and it was an exciting game. Trinity started
off with a V, which was speedily stopped.
They lost ground at their first snap-back by
trying to run around our end, and they also
lost the ball. Our team soon had it at their
goal line, and Graham, running around their
end, made a touch-down within the first three
minutes of the game. It did not get a goal.
The playing continued nearTrinity's goal, and
the prospects of the University were bright,
when, in a scrimmage near the line, Bragaw
captain of the University team, got the small
bone of his right leg broken just above the

ankle. This accident happened about five
minutes after the game had begun, and threw
a damper over the subsequent proceedings,
especially for our team.

Little was taken from his position as right
guard and played half-back. Snipes was
substituted. Graham made two more touch-
downs and a field-kick during the first half.
Trinity began to score just before the close
of the first half. They broke through our
centre, and Crowell made a touch-down.

The University began the second half with
a V, which succeeded no better than Trin-
ity's had done. The rest of the game was
played mostly in University's territory. Dur-
ham, S. , made three more touch-downs for
Trinity, one of which secured a goal ; the
University made a safety, and Durham, R.,
put in a field-kick as the time expired. The
score was : Trinity, 25; University, 17.

The wind, which was in our favor in the
first half, blew directly against us in the sec-
ond; though it was rising during the game,
and blew much harder against us than for us.
Graham did some of his finest kicking in the
second half, but it was in vain; the wind bore
down the ball, while it would sail for Dur-
ham in the opposite direction like a bird.

The Trinity team played well. They did
not tackle so well as our men, and lost ground
nearly every time they tried to run around our
end; so they gave it up, and played a push-
ing game, — and successfully, too. They
made all their touch-downs by breaking
through our centre, which it was nearly im-
possible to prevent them from doing after
Little had been taken from our rush-line.
In our opinion, this was a serious mistake, to
which the loss of the game is largely due,
next to the loss of our captain, Bragaw. To
be sure, it is impossible, as it is useless, to
say what would have happened if Bragaw
had not broken his leg. But the University
team could have spared any other man bet-
ter. His services were no less valuable as
captain of the team than as half-back.

Trinity's players were: Rushers — Daily,
Crowell, Hathcock, Roberts, Nicholson,
Watkins, Johnston; quarter-back — Durham,

CLIPPINGS.

185

S. ; half-backs — Daniels and Rahders; full-
back — Durham, R.

The players on the University team were
the same as in the game with Wake Forest,

except that Burroughs played right-tackier.
When Murphy became disabled in the latter
part of the game, Snipes played centre-rush,
and R. P. Johnston was substituted.

Clippings.

A Bad Break.

We were seated in the hammock;

It was sometime after dark,
And the silence longer grew

After each subdued remark.

With her head upon my shoulder,
And my arm around her close,

Soon I whispered, growing bolder,
" Do you love me, darling Rose ? "

Were her accents low, to equal
All my heart had dared to hope ?

Ah! I never knew the sequel;
For her brother cut the rope !

— Tech.

The Bell.

AFTER EDGAR A. POE.
7 A. M.

Hear the chapel with its bell —

Booming bell,
While with the woolly blankets its noise I

try to quell,
How it roars, roars, roars.
In the morning bleak and grey!
When my sleep I'm most enjoying,
Comes its howl all rest destroying,
Driving visions sweet away,
With its bang, bang, bang,
And its clang, clang, clang,
With its fiendish clash and clatter on the ever
louder swell.

O! that bell, bell, bell, bell,

Bell, bell, bell!
O! the sounding and the pounding of that bell!

— Record.

After Elections.

The wires are pulled, elections all are o'er,
Ambition's dreamshaunt not our pillows more,
No more the candidates try to beguile
Innocent voters with seductive smile,
Or warnings 'gainst their rivals as of yore.
No more they seek — how innocent of guile! —
To show their hatred of such scheming vile,
And teach us — if we did not know before —

How wires are pulled.
The novice sees, with angry heart and sore,
Those who have been his dearest friends before
Pass by him with a supercilious smile,
Or speak to him in cold or haughty style.
They do not need his vote, they are his friends
no more —

Their wires are pulled.

— Swarthmore Phcenix.

A Crisis.

Seated in the deep bay-window,

Hid from prying mortals' view,
Curtains drawn which, by their swaying,

Let the lamp gleams flitter through;
You can wager we were happy,

In our quiet tete-a-tete,
Little dreaming of the rascal —

Ever-watchful, wily Fate.
Trusting to our strict observance

Of a strictly formal tone,
Just how far we kept the precepts

Chaperone might ne'er have known.
But my witching, heedless charmer,

How she froze my heart with fear,
Making audible one question,

"Am I not too heavy, dear?" Ex.

1 86

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

An Explanation.

Whene'er you see two maidens kiss,
And you those kisses covet,

Pray do not prate of sweetness lost,
Nor think too harshly of it.

They simply try to follow out

A rule of Scripture true,
Which says : " Do unto others

As you'd have men do to you."

— Record.

A Foolish Greek.

There's a very good sentence in Phocion,

That one day I chanced to have met;
It refers to the tender emotion,

And from it some good we may get.
If we lose her for whom we've a notion,

He counsels us never to fret;
For " all women are worth our devotion,

And none of them worth our re- ret."

— Cornell Magazine.

Alumni and Other Personals.

'60.— Hon. E. J. Hale, U. S. Consul at
Manchester, England, was entertained at a
banquet. February 18th, by a number of in-
fluential citizens. Lord Egerton, of Tatton,
presided. — New York Herald.

'79. — Dr. Isaac M. Taylor was married,
January 23rd, near Fayetteville, to Miss
Susan Evans, and with his wife visited Chapel
Hill during February.

'80. — Rev. Alex. L. Phillips has resigned
his charge at Fayetteville and removed to
Birmingham, Ala.

— Robert ("X") Ransom has formed a
partnership with W. H. Day, at Weldon.

'81.— Horatio M. Kent is Sheriff of Cald-
well county.

— A Superior Court Judge says that, of all
the speeches he has heard from the younger
lawyers of North Carolina, one by R. W.
Winborne, at Murfreesboro, was probably
the strongest.

— N. Jas. Rouse has a large law practice
at Kinston.

'83. — John F. Wilkes, after a course in
Stephens Institute, at Iloboken, has taken
charge of the Mecklenburg Iron Works.

— Numa F. Heitman, Mangum medalist
of '83, has made a good start in law at Kansas
City, Mo.

— Geo. Mebane is married, and is now en-
gaged in the practice of medicine at Mebane-
ville.

— Alex. Mclntyre, Junior in '83, is cashier
of a bank in Ocalla, Fla.

— Jacob M. Roberts, the valiant Demo-
cratic editor of the Lincoln Courier, is mar-
ried.

'84. — J. D. Murphy, also lately married, is
a lawyer at Greenville, N. C.

— C. L. Riddle is not married, so far as any-
body knows, but is doing well as a lawyer at
Elizabeth City.

— J. B. Hawes has removed to Birming-
ham, Ala.

— C. T. Alexander is Secretary of the
Teachers' Association and Superintendent of
Public Schools at McKinney, Texas. He is
married and has an heir.

— Strayhorn, another married man and a
lawyer, has established himself at Roxboro,
Person county.

'85 — E. G. Strickland is a medical prac-
titioner in Forsyth county.

ALUMNI AND OTHER PERSONALS.

187

— E. G. Goodwyn is a teacher of distinc-
tion in the county of Brunswick.

— A. B. Hill has a large school at Pitts-
boro.

— Augustus Matthews is a dental surgeon
of Durham.

— W. H. McElwee, who entered with this
class, has grown out of the rank of little men,
and is a telegraph operator at Greensboro —
one of the most trusted on the line.

— Marmaduke Battle is in the Internal
Revenue Service. As his politics are not of
the winning color, we presume he is making
his house in order to depart.

— Oscar B. Eaton has a good school at
Farmington,

'86. — Needham T. Cobb has made a good
record as a telegraph operator.

— Wm. F. Lewis expatriated himself and
settled in Montana. John P. Joyner, here
in '78, and David S. Kennedy, here in '77'
have also gone West.

— Jas. F. Barrett is in a department office
at Washington, and rings no more Saturday
night bells.

'87. — W. H. McNeill, not finding the law
profitable, has begun teaching at Booneville,
Yadkin county.

— H. H. Ransom, a member of '87 through
Junior year, has been elected Professor of
Mathematics in Oak Ridge Institute.

'88.— Fred. D. Thomas, here in '84-86,
was married to Miss Flora P. Marks, in
Washington City, on February 2nd. Both
are from Newbern. Fred, is at Union Theo-
logical Seminary of Hampden-Sidney.

— Hester, Harper and Thorp have iden-
tified themselves with a literary movement
begun at Raleigh under the plan of a literary
casino. Professor Hume was called upon to
make the opening address, which he did,
March 13th, on the subject, " Shakspere's
Side-lights on History."

— John W. Atkinson, for some time a mem-
ber of this class, has received the degree of
M. D. from Georgetown College.

— W. J. Fleming, with '90 through Fresh,
man year, died of pneumonia, at Davidson
College, early in March.

— T. M. Vance, here in '8i-'82, has been
appointed, by President Cleveland, receiver
of public moneys at North Yakima, Wash-
ington Territory (soon Washington State.)

— Prof. W. G. Simmons, of Wake Forest
College, died March 3rd. Dr. Simmons had
been a well-known member of the Wake
Forest Faculty for many years, as Professor
of Mathematics and Physics. In i855-'s6
he was a law student at the University of
North Carolina, in the same class with Hon.
W. L. Saunders, Hon. A. M. Waddell, and
others.

— Thos. A. McNeill, W. Foster French
and W. S. Norment, ante-bellum alumni,
have charge of a suit to recover a tract of
land devised by Rev. John C. McNair, a
classmate of President Battle, the income of
which is to be devoted to securing annual
lectures from distinguished clergymen on the
relation of Science and Religion. The
scheme is one which would be of great advan-
tage to the students of our University.

— Mrs. Spencer's First Steps in North
Carolina History has been issued by Alfred
Williams & Co. Although admirably adapted
to its special purpose, it will be found full of
interest for older readers.

— Professor Venable read a p aper, at the
meeting of the State Sanitary Convention,
February 6th, on " The Adulteration of
Foods."

— Dr. Johnston B. Jones, who is lovingly
remembered by old-time students as a phy-
sician at Chapel Hill, died at Charlotte on
March 1st. He was a brother of Mrs. Gov-
ernor Rencher, who now resides here. He
was a student here in the thirties, but left be-
fore graduating, in order to pursue his medi-
cal course.

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Book Reviews.

First Steps in North Carolina History.

By Mrs. C. P. Spencer. Alfred Williams

& Co., Raleigh, N. C. 75 cents.

Mrs. Spencer has written this book, as she
says, " to interest and instruct the boys and
girls of North Carolina." It is well calculated
to do so, and grown-up people too. The read-
ers of the Magazine are familiar with Mrs.
Spencer's pleasant style. In this book she has
adapted herself especially to children. All the
important facts of our State history are given,
while years of little interest are, very properly,
little dwelt upon. The book succeeds well in
showing clearly the causes of events; and
facts and men's characters are illustrated by
anecdotes. It gives a good idea of the set-
tlers and people of North Carolina. Pre-
tensions considered, it is the best history of
our State that has been written.

There are lists of all the governors of
North Carolina, proprietary, royal, and those
since the Revolution. The history being de-
signed especially for school children, there is
an appropriate pnetical recitation after each
chapter. We are glad to know the publish-
ers are receiving large orders for it.

Our Phil, and Other Stories. By Kath-
arine Floyd Dana. Houghion, Mifflin &
Co., Boston.

We have in this volume three short stories
of negro character and the ante-bellum rela-
tion between the races, as illustrated in a West
Shore Maryland family: "Our Phil," "Aunt
Rosy's Chest," and " Marty's Various Mer-
cies." The second is much the best of the
three. It is a picture true to life of the old-
time " black mammy," with her goodnature,
pride of her position of confidence, love fcfr
children, and tact in managing them. " It
was impossible to be persistently naughty
under her legime; she did not believe in bad-
ness, she ignored it. When any one was
passionate, they were only ' makin' b'lieve ' ;
when they sulked, they were just ' a gitlin'
ready to be good,' and overt acts of anger
or mischief that could not be winked at,

were ' great mistakes, that warn't agwine to
happen agin on no 'count'."

The religious, superstitious mind charac-
teristic of negro women and old negro men,
and their original interpretations of Scrip-
ture, as shown in this book, are all familiar
to us.

It is an attractive looking book, printed on
good, thick paper, with many illustrations,
generally good. We must say, though, that
we have never seen a double-shuffle like the
one the artist gives us.

The Plantation Negro as a Freeman.
By Philip A. Bruce. G. P. Putnam's
Sons, New York. Octavo, cloth, pp. 262.
$1.25.

This book is No. 57 of thevaluable "Ques-
tions of the Day " series now being pub-
lished by G. P. Putnam's Sons. The author
presents the facts of rural negro life as they
exist to-day, rather than an attempt to solve
the negro question; though the last chapter
relates to the future. The work is compre-
hensive in what it undertakes. It deals at
length with all the relations of negro life,
and explains them by the peculiarities of
negro character ; the relation of parent and
child, husband and wife, master and servant,
blacks and white ; the negro's religion, super-
stition, mental and moral characteristics, etc.

The author has evidently studied negro
character and negro communities well, and
understands them. He has faithfully repre-
sented them in this volume. The difference
in the color of their skins is the least thing
that distinguishes them from the Caucasian
race. The condition of the negro's morality
— or immorality — as described in these pages
is revolting, alarming, but we who know the
negroes, know that it is no exaggeration; nor
is it a description of exceptional cases, but
the rule among town as well as plantation
negroes.

The public schools are a help to the negro,
but are not elevating, nor likely to elevate.

BOOK REVIEWS.

189

the general tone of their society. They need
moral more than literary education. White
people have little or no influence over them.
The author recommends educating negro mis-
sionaries to be sent among them by white sec-
tarian denominations. The South cannot
remain permanently half black and half
white.

" It would be far better for the whole
country if he were withdrawn, even though
withdrawn so suddenly as to wholly blight
for a time the material interests of the South.'

We believe it. But whatever may be his
speculations as to the future, the author has
certainly described accurately the present
status of the negro.

Lights of Two Centuries. Edited by
Edward Everett Hale. A. S. Barnes &
Co., New York.

This attractive book consists of short
sketches of the lives of the men who have
been the shining lights in the art, literature,
music and science of the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries. It is illustrated with
fifty portraits of artists, sculptors, prose wri-
ters, composers, poets and inventors. The
fact that it is edited by Hale is- a guarantee of
its worth. There are so many biographies
that, as the editor says about the Waverly
Novels, " It doesn't do to criticise them: one
trings out too much."

" The lives and works of master minds are
of an educational value, and it is especially
for those devoted to the great cause of edu-
cation that this book has been prepared."

The information contained in this book can
be found in no other one volume, and it is
here given in convenient form.

Politics as a Duty and as a Career. By
Moorfield Storey. G. P. Putnam's Sons,
New York. Octavo, paper. 25 cents.

Number 58 of the Questions of the Day
series. The object of this essay is to show a
remedy for the present evils in politics.
" Every private citizen should regard political
action rather as a part of his daily business,
like the care of his family." Public opinion
must make reforms, not merely voting. The
book is cheap, and it will pay every one to
read it, especially men just going out from
college to pursue more practical studies.

How to be Successful on the Road as a
Commercial Traveller. By An Old
Drummer. Fowler & Wells Co., New
York. 20 cents.

This is a small book of eighty-three pages,
of a convenient size to carry in the pocket.
It is what its title indicates, and contains a
list of routes, and hotels at which the author
has stopped and can recommend. If any of
our readers expect to be drummers, they may
find this book of service to them.

190

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

University Record.

Since the classes will have each a special
kind of hat, cane, etc., we think the Sophs
have shown good taste in selecting one which
is neat and inconspicuous — an olive-brown
"plug."

A fellow's clothes will get torn some-
times, and that very inopportunely. Young
ladies should not insist upon a chance caller's
taking off his overcoat when he shivers and
seems chilly on a mild spring day. Such a
ruse is said to have been adopted by one of
our boys while in Raleigh lately.

The approaching celebration of the Uni-
versity's Centennial is exciting great interest
throughout the State, and wherever Chapel
Hill men are located. The committee in
charge is working hard to make the occasion
a grand success. Many old students will
attend, and a glorious time may be confidently
anticipated. In our next issue a detailed
programme will be given.

The Senior class meets regularly every
month, the programme being the resignation
of the Class Orator, the election of another,
and adjournment. The complaint by them
is that Senior examinations are put so late
as not to allow time enough to prepare two
speeches before Commencement. We had
supposed that the gentlemen would give the
matter some thought beforehand.

A SPRYNGE FANCEYE.

Whan that the grene frogges gynnen for to
sing,

And Fresshes' berdes gynnen for to springe;

Than tornen Seniors' thoughts to fresshe flow-
res, —

Than longen Seniors' for to gon to mayden's
bowres,

And eke for to speke on this entente,

For that they be not leftt — at Commence-
mente.

The Trustees have marie an appropriation
of thirty-four hundred dollars for apparatus,

and the sum will be divided among the
three departments of Chemistry, Physical
Science and Natural History. This will be
expended with great profit to these depart-
ments. Professor Venable, who expects to
attend the University of Berlin during the next
semester, will thus have an opportunity of
purchasing what is needed on the spot. Pro-
fessor Gore will probably go to Europe also,
during the summer vacation, with an eye to
the same end.

Some of our town ladies, assisted by a num
ber of musical students, have formed an
association for the purpose of advancing the
interest of scientific musical endeavor. Mrs.
J. W. Gore is president, and Mr. S. C.
Bragaw secretary. The Committee on Music
consists of two: Miss Minnie Mangum and
Mr. Hugh L. Miller. The following are mem-
bers: Mrs. Gore, Misses M. and E. Mangum,
T. Manning and Lillie Long; and Messrs,
Gaston Battle, Hugh Miller, S. C. Bragaw,
C. O. H. Laughinghouse, T. M. Lee, R. G.
Vaughn and R. W. Bingham. The meet-
ings occur bi-weekly at the homes of the
young lady members. We should by all
means have a good mixed chorus and an
orchestra on a small scale. The Magazine
wishes the members much success.

The glorious Twenty-second came in on
wings of whirling snow, which grew, where
uninelted, to a depth of eleven inches. The
grand old buildings were beautiful in their
soft white mufflers, and every nook and cor-
ner of the campus seemed a bit of fairyland.
By dint of much shovelling, the way was
opened to the Dialectic Hall, which was
filled with visitors, citizens and students.
The speaker, Chas. A Webb, of Warren,
introduced appropriately by Alex. Stronach,
of Raleigh, chose as a theme " The Devel-
opment of Constitutional Liberty and Union
within the States," and expounded the sub-

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

191

ject in an earnest and fervid manner, dis-
playing considerable eloquence. The exer-
cises were pleasant and enjoyed by all
present. A good string band was in attend-
ance, and the hour was closed by a charac-
teristic joke from President Battle, which
rounded off the occasion and sent the audi-
ence on its way rejoicing.

In the afternoon, the college assembled
and bestowed its favors on a number of young
gentlemen for such merit (?) as being the great-
est dude, " bore, or the ugliest, laziest or
cheekiest'man in the whole college. As we
are not very large, we forbear to publish
the names of the recipients of these medals
in the present issue.

Speaking of the greatest dude, we were
informed that a certain man, who has the
reputation of being somewhat of a "par-
alyzer," was on the train bound for Raleigh
a few days ago, and, looking about him foran
opportunity to try his powers, was smiled upon
by a young lady whom he did not remember
to have seen before. After thinking upon the
matter he decided to present his card, upon
doing which the young lady seemed quietly
amused, and wrote: " You're too late, sir, by
two years. I am married!" Swish! bang!
Good morning!

During its recent session, the General As-
sembly elected the following Trustees : Hon.
A. C. Avery, Hon. C. M. Cooke, Hon. H. C.
Jones, Hon. J. J. Davis, Dr. P. L. Murphy,
Dr. Eugene Grissom, Major Geo. N. Thomp-
son, Rev. Neill McKay, Hon. W. L. Steele,
Rev. J. L. Stuart, Col. S. McD. Tate, Hon.

C. R. Thomas, Rev. W. S. Black, Dr. H.

D. Williamson. Additional Trustees, " from
points convenient to the University and to
the seat of government : " Maj. Robert Bing-
ham, Hon. Thos. J. Jarvis, Mr. R. W. Scott,
Mr. I. R. Strayhorn. To fill vacancies :
Hon. R. A. Doughton, Rev. J. H. Cordon,
Mr. J. D. Currie, Mr. Chas. D. Mclver,
Hon. Wra. Johnston. To fill the term end-
ing next October: Hon. R. A. Doughton and
Rev. J. H. Cordon, whose namas appear
also in the foregoing list.

The Luckless Lover.

TO C. E. B.

The poet's born, he is not made,
'Twas by an ancient writer said;
Experience mine shows this is true,
Which, reader, now I'll give to you.
'Twas May, the lovely month of flowers,
Preceded by the month of showers;
But, in my case, the last was first,
And tears upon my smiles did burst.
My dear would soon become her own,
That is, she would be twenty-one;
On this, I wished her every joy
For which I could my pen employ.
But I was not content with prose,
For such a theme I numbers chose;
A pretty gift to C. I'd make,
Inscribed with verses that would "take."
I thought of this, I thought of that,
But sad to say, my rhymes fell flat;
Or, rather, my Pegasus tried,
I found, alas! I could not ride.

I wished C. life, I wished her love,
And with the measures long I strove;
They would not come, so could not go,
Oh, who was ever troubled so?

I left my seat, I paced my room,
My heart was filling fast with gloom;
If I should not a verse compose,
Who, who could tell my cup of woes?
A rival strong was on my track,
And he on me would soon look back;
Unless I reached the lady's heart,
And so I wished the poet's art.
I took my seat and quickly wrote
How on C.'s charms I fondly dote;
Just here my verses failed again,
And, in despair, I dropped my pen.
My efforts I have scanned once more,
My folly I do now deplore;
Another C. will shortly wed,
My hope is lost, my joy has fled.
Young lovers all, let me advise,
If you to verses cannot rise,
There's something else that you must

choose,
Or else your sweethearts you will lose.
Virager.

192

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society.—
Forty-second meeting, February 12th, 1889.

As the Vice-President was absent, Profes-
sor Gore presided.

The papers presented were as follows:

Preservation of Wood with Creosote Oil'
by Mr. I. H. Manning.

Natural History of the Cereals, by Dr.
Gerald McCarthy.

Some Sources for Sugar proposed at the

Close of the Last Century, by Mr. H. L.

Harris.

An account of an interesting Fossil found

in the neighborhood of Chapel Hill, by Prof.

J. A. Holmes.

Note on the Decomposition of Nickel and
Cobalt, by Prof.F. P. Venable.

Secretary's report: Two new members,
Mr. J. R. Harris and Professor Pegram;
seven new exchanges; eighty-five books and
pamphlets received.

Forty-third meeting, March 12th, 1889.

Professor Gore presided, in the absence of
Vice-President Graves.

The following papers were read:

The Three Formations of the Atlantic
Slope, with exhibition of photographs and
specimens, by Prof. J. A. Holmes.

A note on the Utilization of Pulverized
Coal as Fuel, by Prof. J. VV. Gore.

A Photographic Camera made from a Cigar
Box, with exhibition of views taken with it,
by Mr. H. L. Harris.

Artificial Quinine, together with notes on
Artificial Cocaine, and on Cotton-seed Oil,
by Prof. F. P. Venable.

The Secretary reported one new member,
twelve new exchanges and eighty-seven pam-
phlets and books received during the month.

Shakspere Club. — February 20th, 1889.
The second of a series of papers ^n the Con-
temporaries of Shakspere was read by L.
D. Howell, on Greene's play, Friar Bacon
and Friar Bungay. Greene's character in-
teresting, a genius, but dissolute. Died in
poverty and in infamy. He gives in this
play the popular conception of Roger Bacon.
Main plot, a love story. A strong play, and,
n some aspects, worthy of Shakspere.

The regular topic was The Winter's Tale.

Dr. Hume made some prefatory remarks.

Rev. Geo. B. Taylor: An original estima-
tion of the leading characters. Leontes:
his sudden and almost unaccountable jealousy.
Hermione: her strength of purpose. Florizel
and Perdita: the personified Spring. The
Winter of discontent, ending in a Spring-
time of joy.

Mr. A. A. F. Seawell: Romance of Flor-
izel and Perdita. Pastoral element. Blend-
ing of humor and sentiment. Law of com-
pensation. Spirit and movement in the play.
Shakspere's later tenderness and wisdom, and
the finer humor of the late as compared with
early plays. Perdita and Miranda compared.

Seminary of Literature and Philology.
— The meeting for February was held on the
27th, the subject being The Drama.

Mr. W. J. Battle gave an exposition of the
Poetics of Aristotle, noting especially the
rules and customs then applied to the con.
struction of the drama; the circumstances
which made them necesary; their relation
to the later ideas on the subject in the Eng-
lish and the French drama, etc.

Professor Alexander discussed briefly the
metres employed by Greek dramatists, with
some remarks on the difference between Greek
versification and English. He also read, in
Greek, examples of certain dialogue metres,
and the first stasimon and hyporchema from
(Edipus Tvrannus, as illustrations of Greek
choral metres.

Mr. Geo. S. Wills: The Early and Classic
French Drama. Its origin in the Mystery
and Miracle plays. Its development. The
confirming of the rules of Aristotle and
Seneca — a movement of the sixteenth cen-
tury. The trio: Corneille, Racine and Mo-
liere. Corneille the founder of the French
drama. His observance of the rules of pro-
priety, as seen in Le Cid; his lack of action;
his unnaturalness. These are the faults of
the French drama in general, while its merit
is chiefly in the perfection of versification.
Contrast with the English drama of the same
period.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

193

Professor Hume: The Elizabethan Drama
and its Contributions to English History.
The strong, broad and original nature of the
drama of this period, proving the vigorous
national characteristics of the English people;
and serving as an index to the later Christian
•civilization. The vital forces of this great
age as reflected in Shakspere. His historical
plays, and the method involved, compared
with History proper; their unity in variety,
the effective blending of the comedy of real
life with narrative; and their epic life and
spirit in dramatic form.

The papers given were necessarily broad,
though sufficiently suggestive, and the meet-
ing was a very profitable one. The subject
announced for treatment next is the Super-
natural in Literature.

The Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion has been very fortunate in being visited
by a number of noted Christian workers dur-
ing the past college year. Mr. R. P. Wilder,
who was here for two days early in Feb-
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Old Series, Vol. XXI. No. 5. New Series, Vol. VIII.

NORTH CAROLINA

mu f

PUBLISHED SIX TIMES A YEAR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE

BIALEGMG AND PH1LANTHR8P1G SSGIETCES,

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DI.

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EDITOES =

PHI.
HUNTER L. HARRIS,

LOGAN D. HOWELL

CONTENTS :

General Bryan Grimes: With Portrait ..' *. -.Wharton J. Green 195

Camp Life in Virginia. Lewis J. Battle 210

Old Times in Chapel Hill, No XIV:. The Bali-Room Mrs. C. P. .Spencer 213

On Mitchell's High Peak: A Nigh- Adventure..- H. L. Harris 219

The Old and the New Christopher Coit Woodhouse 225

Biographical Sketches of the Confederate Dead S. B. Weeks 227

Editor's Table: — The Centennial; The Campus; The Magazine; A Life History; The

Subscription-paper Evil; Dr. Charles Phillips 232

The College World: — News of other Colleges; North Carolina Colleges and Schools;

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Exchanges: — Comments and Clippings ■• ' 238

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Alumni and Other Personals 241

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of Literature and Philology; Resolutions of Respect; Young Men's Christian Asso-
ciation; The Volunteer Movement " _ 243

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THE

w

niversity Magazine.

1889.

Old Series, Vol. XXI.
New Series, Vol VIII.

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

No. 5.

EDITORS:
DI. PHI.

Wm. Jas. Battle, I Hunter L. Harris,

Walter M. Hammond. Logan D. Howell.

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES.

It is assumed as postulate that pure patriotism is highest evidence
of human charity, and that best proof of patriotism is supplied when
man stakes what men hold dearest, life and all that it imports, upon an
issue, presumably ignoring direct or ulterior selfish reward. Fortunate
is the State whose sons are ever ready to illustrate, for in it despotism
will ever find unstable foothold. As a rule, only free peoples afford
exemplars of the dictum — most notably of all, the Roman of ancient
and the English speaking one of modern times, towering, as they do,
in this regard above all other tribes of men as would the sons of Anak
above those of Liliput in stature.

The term employed is patriotism ! Simple heroism of as high order
is often seen under the most grinding despotisms, but unselfish stimulus
is rarely coupled with it. A Suwarroff can be evolved in Russia under
the sceptre of a Catherine, an Alva in Spain under the bigot Philip, a
Tilley or a Wallenstein in Austria under one who could requite great
service with the assassin's dagger- — heroes all of the simple heroic
type ; but neither of these States, or all combined, could produce in
a thousand years, aye, or ten thousand, under the then existing order of

196 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

things, a Cato or a Codes, a Tell or Kosciusko, a Sidney or a

Hampden, a Washington or a Lee. Such as these, as before said, are

the special product of lands inured to freedom. True, the Church

from its birth, and under every form of government, has been prolific

of such — heroes scorning the title and the chaplet, but courting that

of martyr and dying with alacrity for opinion and posterity. But such,

perhaps, are not as far above self as the simple political patriot hero.

The one sees illimitable reward beyond the stake, the wheel, the axe

or the gibbet, and so, smiling, dies to win it. The other dies, or evinces

readiness, to exempt his land from accursed tyranny. He dies a martyr

for his fellow-man,

"And the noblest place for man to die,
Is where he dies for man."

Civil wars for principles and not for princes are doubtless prolific of
both types of heroes. The best and basest motives urge into action
the best and basest elements. Material reward actuates some, moral
or legal compulsion more, and broad, dove-like charity, patriotism, if
you will, not a few.

Luckiest of all is the last in this great " rouge et noir " affair on the
greensward of nations, be the losing color what it may, the finale what
it will. What is " the baton " in the hand of an ambitious chief whose
only aim it was, to the proud consciousness of honest national impulse
and duty well performed? " Pay and provant," present or prospective,
enters not into the calculation of such in this bloodiest of all games
when played between kindred of high and assertive blood.

But to descend from generalization to particulars, from war in the
abstract to the greatest of all wars as to issues involved, as to numbers
engaged, as to results, as to slaughter.

It is proposed to take as type of the patriot soldier such as here
conceived, one who embraced the weaker and the losing side in this
"war of giants," and to follow him as far as the limits of a magazine
article will permit from the first reveille in a crude militia camp to the
final tattoo in an almost exterminated army of veterans. He was
simply one of thousands who flew to arms in '61 and laid them down
in '65, if death or disability did not intervene to prevent that sad
consummation. They came from every walk of life and filled every
grade from the highest to the lowest, discharging most onerous duties
till then unknown, like enthusiasts of faith, and suffering uncomplain-

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 197

ingly and voluntarily as no army before or since has suffered, unpaid,
half-clad, half-starved. From such material, heroes were the inevitable
outcrop.

It is with a feeling of no affected modesty that I venture to portray the
brilliant career of one of these citizen soldiers, chiefly because it has
already been so well done in oral discourse by one who was of his own
immediate military family, and who has swept the field, as was the wont
of him to do of whom he spoke * ; and likewise because the great events
in which he played such a prominent part are so graphically but mod-
estly told by himself in letters to his wife, written at the time, and so
well compiled by his friend and mine, Major Pulaski Cowper. From
these two sources my facts will be mainly drawn, or perhaps an idea
occasionally culled without quotation marks. Again, from early man-
hood to his untimely end, he of whom I write was my friend, and
hence, to do him full justice, and myself escape the imputation of
friendly bias, " gives me pause."

Relying upon the rule of presumptive evidence, we take as sample
of the patriot hero here outlined, a country gentleman of North Caro-
lina : one of easy fortune, high culture and social standing, open house
but unpretentious taste, kind heart and simple faith. Till the alarum
from the watch-tower told of encroachment on chartered and cher-
ished rights, his highest aim had seemed to be to till his paternal acres
in peace and quiet, and to square accounts with Heaven and his fellow-
man.

" Crime came not near him — she is not the child
Of Solitude ; Health shrank not from him — for
Her home is in the rarely-trodden wild."

But when the summons came which men must ever heed, be it death
or be it duty, he responded, and uncoveted fame was his award.

Beginning a major of troops untried, his was the crowning glory of
his grade to make the final death grapple with overwhelming and
victorious foemen, and to beat them back from the death-bed of the
Confederacy with the title of general attached to his first commission.
There is but one figure in history suggesting a parallel to that supreme
effort of a division commander to save an expiring army from annihi-
lation : grand old Michel Ney in the retreat from Russia, after having
four rear guards exterminated under him to save the little remnant of

* Major H. A. London, Memorial Address on the Life and Services of Gen. Bryan Grimes,
delivered at Raleigh, May 10, 1886.

198 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the "grand army," arrived at the neutral river Niemen, and with three
hundred men, later reduced to thirty, held the bridge of Kouno until
every squad had passed, " and was the last man of the grand army who
left the Russian territory." All begrimed with powder, he is not
recognized by his friend, General Dumas, and, in reply to his query,
answers: " I am the rear guard of the grand army — Marshal Ney. I
have fired the last shot on the bridge of Kouno and thrown the last
musket into the river."

One is struck with the moral likeness between these two superb
soldiers long before Gumbinnen and Appomattox are reached, and that
is excuse for the anecdote in full. What lover of his species would
exchange the honest fame of either, even for that of the imperial
master of the one, who had just immolated half a million of men on
the altar of his ambition, and was the very first man of the grand army
to cross the Niemen, and long before the little skeleton which remained
of it had reached that line of refuge?

But to have done with the discursive.

Bryan Grimes, the subject of our sketch, and the youngest son of
Bryan, senior, and of Nancy his wife, was born and lived on the same
plantation, Grimesland, in Pitt county, until the day of his death.
The date of his birth was November 2, 1828. After attending the
best preparatory schools, he entered Chapel Hill, now the University
of North Carolina, in June, 1844, and graduated four years later, June.
1848.

His alma mater equipped many illustrious sons to take part in the
great internecine struggle which was to follow, as she had previously
prepared others to shine in the civil walks of life, but of none has she
better cause for exultant pride than him of whom we write. Riper
scholars she has doubtless sent forth, but never one who, in the great
vicissitudes of life soon sequent, exhibited more aptitude and capacity
for the discharge of duties previously unknown and continually
increasing.

And here I crave pardon for paying a passing tribute to the class-
mates of another institution, by way of parenthesis. Of the class
which left the United States Military Academy in 1854, eleven
espoused the Southern side, and eight died in battle at the head of
brigades and divisions — Stuart and Pender, Pegram and Deshler,
Gracie and Villipigue, Randall and Mercer, friends of my youth, and

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 199

as noble a holocaust as was ever offered by a class on their country's
altar. The two Lees, Custis and Stephen D., each at the head of a
great institution of learning, are, I believe, the sole survivors.

Major Grimes's selection of a regimental commander, for he was hon-
ored by Governor Ellis with the choice of three, gave promise of his rapid
rise, as it showed purpose to prepare himself for the responsibilities of
command. He even declined a higher commission in another com-
mand and chose subordinate place in the Fourth North Carolina State
Troops, which had for its colonel a trained and educated soldier. In
this regard he was peculiarly fortunate from the beginning to the end,
as major, colonel, brigadier and major-general. Experienced comman-
ders and skillful tacticians had prepared the way for him through all
the successive grades of promotion. The gifted George B. Anderson
was his first teacher in battalion drill. The inflexible Junius Daniel
had prepared for him a model brigade, and the cool but impulsive
Rodes his battle-scarred division. Aye! fortunate indeed was he who
was permitted to follow in the wake of such captains as the deadly
missiles laid them low in quick succession, and no. less fortunate were
their respective commands in securing such an apt scholar as their
successor. The first two it was my privilege to know and love at the
Military Academy although advanced students, and under the last two
to serve. And it is here entered as deliberate conviction that, out of the
220,000 combatants sent to the front by the two banner States from
which they hailed, no trio surpassed these in all the soldierly attributes,
and especially in modesty of claim and earnestness of purpose, and no
one is better entitled to complete the quartette than he who followed
on and filled the gap by them created.

Between Grimes and Daniel there was, to my thinking, a striking
similarity of character. In both, the positive element was overwhelm-
ingly predominant ; assertive to the extreme when assertion was essen-
tial, but equally unquestioning as to authority from above. Each was
brave to rashness, but courteous to gentleness. Proud they were, but
modest too, and puerile vanity or offensive assumption entered not in
the make-up of either. Neither would have " flattered Neptune for his
trident or Jove for his power to thunder." As little would either have
essayed the role of camp politician for present or prospective gain.
With both, the»work in hand was too serious to admit of thought of
the aftermath. With both, the thought ever predominant was their

200 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

country's absolute and unconditional independence, and to that con-
sideration all others were ever held insignificant and subordinate.
Both entertained a common and sovereign contempt for knaves, dudes,
tricksters and cowards. Each was ever ready to share the hardships
and dangers of those entrusted to their care, perhaps too much so for
superlative command, and " come," not " go," was their style of order.
In a word, it may be said of both, as has been said of their peerless
captain, " his text was duty, and his life the sermon." A word of
praise to the organizer is no derogation from his successor, by one who
loved and honored both.

But I am not only speculating, but anticipating. To return: Bryan
Grimes, Esq., reached home from a European tour a little before Mr.
Lincoln's inauguration, and when the New World was excited from
circumference to centre by that ominous event soon to be. Anticipating
an unauthorized exercise of power by one lately elected upon a purely
sectional issue, seven States had resumed or reclaimed powers dele-
gated to the general government, and declared themselves to all intents
free and independent States. North Carolina, proverbially deliberate
and conservative, had not moved, and did not, until the new President
had issued his first call for troops for coercive purposes, — and then she
moved !

The North Carolina State Convention of 1861, which was called to
"select sides," was probably never surpassed by any like body in any
State before or since. Each county seemed to be vieing with the
others as to which should send the strongest delegation to that most
momentous deliberative assembly ever convened in State borders
The question had been fairly and squarely presented, " compromising
peace or desperate war ; " submission or resistance to majority man-
date unsanctioned by the fundamental law. Party differences were
buried and forgotten, and the best and wisest men were selected with-
out regard to previous party affiliations, to take counsel on that gravest
of questions. True, its action was virtually forestalled by concurrent
public sentiment in favor of decisive measures; but no one antici-
pated what was speedily done : the adoption of the Ordinance of Seces-
sion by a unanimous vote of the Convention, on the anniversary of the
Mecklenburg Declaration. If memory is not at fault, she is the only
one of all the States which took that decisive step without a dissenting
voice, and it is doubtful whether a measure importing as much has ever
been so adopted before.

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 201

Mr. Grimes was a member of that ever memorable body. Having
recently returned from a visit to Europe, he was chosen, without oppo-
sition, a delegate from his native county of Pitt, most aptly bearing
the name of two of the great champions of Anglo-Saxon liberty. No
sooner had he signed " the Ordinance " than he resigned his seat in
the Convention and hastened to the camp of organization to assume
his share of the responsibility attaching to the act. So did John
Hampden, to patriots the most honored name in the history of Eng-
land, on a similar occasion. They, too, were not unlike. Had the fate of
the Buckinghamshire colonel on Chalgrove field been that of the other,
we are prepared to believe that the dying prayer would have been of
the same tenor : " O Lord God of Hosts, great is Thy mercy. * * *
Save me, O Lord, if it be Thy good will, from the jaws of death.
* * * O Lord, save my bleeding country. Confound and level in
the dust those who would rob the people of their liberty and lawful
prerogative. * * * O Lord, be merciful to " * * * Meet
words for an expiring patriot.

After brief preliminary drill in its first camp, Major Grimes and his
regiment were moved to Manassas, arriving a week after the first great
battle of the war had been fought. To which side was it a victory !
Panic and rout it was to the Federals. But in its far-reaching effects
was it not worse to the Confederates? Was not the overweening con-
fidence engendered, that

* * * " Upon one pair of English legs

Did march three Frenchmen,"

more pernicious to the cause than would have been a drawn battle,
or even a slight reverse. But, per contra, whilst unfinished victory
amounts to little, as a rule, this one gave respite to put the raw levies
of the South in better form, which was promptly done.

And here the reflection will be pardoned, that no government ever
transmuted raw militia into soldiers with such rapidity, and under
equal difficulties, as did the one then newly born. With empty arsenals
and workshops unconstructed ; with everything to improvise, from a
commissariat to a percussion cap, it seems almost the work of magic
that in a short half-year an army should be organized and mobilized
which, through succeeding campaigns, and through all time to come,
was destined to extort the admiration of old soldiers throughout the
world. And, continuing the thought, not the least remarkable feature

202 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

in that wonderful development was the readiness of submission to
authority and restraint, until then unrecognized and held in scorn.
Men fresh from the farm, the forum, the shop, the counter, whose own
free will hitherto had been a law unto themselves, and who knew but
little other, subordinated without question or cavil that most truculent
of self-tyrants to the necessities of the occasion. To unquestioning
obedience was rapidly added a capacity for high command. It was in no-
wise confined to commissioned officers, but extended alike to the rank
and file, and men whose highest conceptions of tactical manoeuvres
were circumscribed by a militia muster soon proved their ability to
handle regiments, brigades and divisions with the steadiness and intelli-
gence of life-trained martinets. This aptitude of raw recruits for the
discharge of all the duties and responsibilities of war, has, perhaps,
never been approached, except by the Ironsides of Cromwell and the
volunteers under the first French Republic. Remarkable it is that all
of these born soldiers should have been the children of revolution.

In April, 1862, General Johnston and his army were ordered to the
Peninsula to check the advance of General McClellan, then moving on
Richmond with the largest and best equipped army that the New
World had ever seen. Arrived at Yorktown, Major Grimes was
assigned to the independent command of a detachment of his regi-
ment, much against his will, as he was as yet distrustful of himself — a
not uncommon idiosyncrasy in men of the highest merit. That the
duty was well discharged there can be no doubt, as he was left in
charge of the picket line some three weeks later, when the retreat
began. He had just been promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of his
regiment. As such, he was in command of it at the battle of Williams-
burg onMay 5th, and likewise at Seven Pines, on the 31st of the same
month, Colonel Anderson having been assigned to a brigade command.

It is more than questionable whether any command of proximate
numbers on either side underwent such carnage in any battle during
the war as did that immortal regiment in the one last named. I go
further, and say that, so far as my reading goes, it stands unrivalled
in any war, if we may except an occasional " forlorn hope," or
massacre, when hope was relinquished and death resolved upon.
Such was, for instance, the charge of La Roche Jaquelin in
La Vendee, such Thermopylae, the Alamo, Dade's massacre ; but
where men went in to win, and did win what told to do, commend us

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 203

in that regard to the Fourth North Carolina at Seven Pines, as stand-
ing so far without a peer. Out of twenty-five officers, every one,
except the lieutenant-colonel commanding, was either killed or
wounded, as were four hundred and sixty-two out of five hundred and
twenty non-commissioned officers and men.

After that charge, let us hear no more of the one at Balaklava ; or,
rather, let us hope that some Southern bard will take as a theme the
" Five Forty-five," and rival in song the laureate's " Six Hundred." Far
be it from me to detract from the " Light Brigade ; " but Cardigan left
not nine-tenths of his glorious fellows behind him. Another colonel did,
and it was on the advance, and after the objective point had been won,
for there was no retrograde that day ; and hearken, comrades, the men
who did it, and the men who died in the doing, were sons of North
Carolina !

Being mounted, and, consequently, more exposed, it partakes of the
miraculous that the little remnant should have been spared its com-
manding officer. His horse had his head blown off, and falling, pin-
ioned down his rider. As soon as extricated, he seizes the flag, and
with some three score of other surviving heroes, completes the task he
was bidden accomplish. The painter, the poet and the historian have
vied to immortalize the hero of a kindred incident at the passage of a
little Italian bridge. But though an imperial crown awaited him of
Lodi, the grandeur of the first incident was eclipsed by the subsequent.

After such an exhibition of heroism, of course his promotion was
immediate; for none was more prompt to appreciate such conduct than
he who had been called upon by his confiding countrymen to wield
the destinies of the young republic. In fact, from the beginning to
the end, President Davis's keen discernment of and prompt reward of
merit was phenomenal. It has been since said " by prophets of the
past" that he ofttimes erred in that regard. Undoubtedly his judg-
ment of men was not always infallible ; but where was he who could
have taken his place, one never yet surpassed in difficulties and respon-
sibilities, and made as few mistakes as to men or measures? Let
growlers name a fit substitute for the time and occasion, or hush
their jackal snarl against the grandest man that the world contains.

Notwithstanding a serious attack of typhoid fever, from which he
was not yet entirely recovered, Colonel Grimes rejoined his regiment
in time to participate in the first invasion of the enemy's territory.

204 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Although unable to walk, he had himself helped to horse, and took
part in the memorable battle of Boonsboro, or South Mountain, in
which another distinguished North Carolina soldier, General D. H. Hill,
was in command, and richly earned the admiration of a world, owing
to the disparity of numbers engaged and the stubbornness of his
defence. Here Colonel Grimes had another horse shot under him,
and before the surrender no less than seven were so struck down. It
has been stated that General Hill himself was unhorsed by the enemy's
bullets eleven times on the field of battle, which looks as if these two
men bore charmed lives. They certainly never seemed to realize that
leaden pellets or iron globes were made to kill, if one may judge by
their seeming contempt for them ; and yet they both came through
almost unscathed. "Fort una favet fortibus."

His old colonel, then General Anderson, having been mortally
wounded at Sharpsburg, Colonel Grimes was assigned to the tempo-
rary command of his brigade, and so officiated during the bloody bat-
tle of Fredericksburg, when he was relieved by the gallant young
Ramseur. The commanding officer of a brigade from another State
having refused to charge when ordered so to do at a critical moment
at Chancellorsville, General Ramseur requested that the order might
be given to him, which being done, he and his command actually
rushed over the backs of the prostrate one in front, carried the enemy's
earthworks, defended by superior numbers at the point of the bayonet,
and did what is so often heard of but so rarely done — crossed that
most fearful of all the implements of war with the foemen defending.
Here again Colonel Grimes's regiment suffered most heavily, one-third
of its number being killed or wounded, and he himself receiving a
severe contusion on the foot. It should have been said that after the
battle of Mechanicsville, in which he and his little handful of men
again played a conspicuous part, he was detailed to take charge of the
prisoners and captured stores and report with them at Richmond. In
the Pennsylvania campaign he was with the advance and did picket
duty within sight of the capitol dome at Harrisburg, frightening a
regiment of militia out of their " st<">ve-pipe " hats, if not their boots.
His was the first regiment to enter Gettysburg and to send more pris-
oners back than names on their muster-roll. On the retreat he was
again assigned to the post of honor, the rear guard. " It seems," says
Major London, " to have been the fate of this officer to occupy the post

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 205

of honor and danger, in the front in every advance and in the rear in
every retreat, beginning with Yorktown and ending at Appomattox."
The fact speaks for itself.

In the campaign of 1864, which began in the Wilderness on May
5th, with almost incessant fighting for a continuous month, Colonel
Grimes was actively engaged almost every day. On the 12th of May
an event happened which threatened the existence of the entire army.
By a sudden movement of the enemy the lines were broken at a point
known as the Horse Shoe, and General Edward Johnson and 2,000
prisoners captured. To recover it at once was essential. Ramseur's
brigade was ordered to the work, and in the charge that officer was
disabled by a wound. Thereupon Colonel Grimes, upon his own
responsibility, ordered a second charge and recaptured the lost works
and guns, and in so doing killed more of the enemy than the brigade
numbered in men. This gallant feat elicited the personal acknowledg-
ment of General Lee, who, says Colonel Grimes, rode down in person
and declared that " we deserved the thanks of the country ; we had
saved his army." General Daniel, who had been recommended by
General Lee for promotion, was killed on the left, and Colonel Grimes
was assigned to the command of his brigade, and shortly after, June
5th, received his commission of brigadier, after having been previously
recommended in the highest terms by Generals Ramseur, Daniel,
Rodes and Hill. During Rodes's temporary absence he was assigned
to the command of his division. Shortly after, he went home on a
sick furlough, but in spite of his physician's interdict returned to his
command whilst still unfit for duty, rejoined it at Bunker Hill on
the 12th of August and participated in all the varying fortunes of
General Early's army in the Valley from that time until the end of
that most active and exciting campaign. Space forbids minute details.
Suffice it, that the army was constantly on the move, advancing one
day and for strategic reasons falling back the next, inflicting heavy
blows at one time and sustaining them at another. On the whole,
however, it terminated most disastrously to the Southern arms in the
terrible battle on Cedar Creek, October 19th, where, from some inex-
plicable cause (Grimes says, lack of discipline in some commands)
the entire army became panicked, suffered an overwhelming defeat
and narrowly escaped extermination. A month previously, at the
battle of Winchester, that superb soldier, General Rodes, Was -killed,

206 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

and in the last fight Ramseur, who had been assigned to his division,
met the same fate. Its command now devolved on General Grimes,
although his commission as major general did not reach him until
the 15th of February ensuing. On the 23d of November with his
division he met and drove back a large body of the enemy's cavalry
at Rudes' Hill, which engagement, and Rosser's at Moorefield, quite
brilliant for our side, terminated the fighting in that quarter.

About this time occurs in one of his letters the following noble sen-
timent: "If we could accomplish any commensurate good, I would be
willing again to go down the Valley and attack Sheridan, and if neces.
sary stay there, although it would interfere with my long cherished
desire to spend a quiet winter; but in my present position, the public
interest is to be considered before private preference, and the higher a
man rises in the military service the fewer privileges can he enjoy, for
he cannot ask indulgence when he feels the good of the country will
be jeopardized, and as I am now commanding a division, I will have to
remain here until some one else comes to fill the place." Spoken like
the patriot he was. And again: " But would to Heaven this carnage
was over and I permitted to retire from such scenes and live a quiet
and domestic life." About the [8th of December he and his division
arrived at Petersburg, then beleaguered by an overwhelming force
under General Grant, and went into winter quarters. On the [5th of
February he was moved out of these to Southerland's Station, twelve
miles from the city, for the purpose of protecting the right wing of the
army. In March 1865, he was ordered back to Petersburg, arriving on
the 14th, and occupied the trenches until then held by Bushrod John-
son's division. His line of fortification extended three and a half
miles and to defend it he had only about twenty-two hundred men — one
man to about every three yards even when all were under arms !
Literally a skirmish line whose duty it was to repulse if necessary an
army which could advance at any moment in solid column. To be
ready for any emergency, one-third of his little force had to be kept
constantly on picket in the rifle pits, and one-third on the alert at the
breastworks every night, whilst the balance took such rest as they
could get sleeping on their arms amidst constant firing on the picket
line. Add to this, scant rations and of the commonest kind, insuffi-
cient covering during that rigorous season, with mud knee-deep in
the trenches, and we can form some faint idea of what that army

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 207

endured in the winter of '64-6$. Suffering? Valley Forge was an
elysium in comparison. Heroism ? Massena's defence of Genoa
was child's play. Here was patriotism ! Nothing but patriotic fervor
could have kept even such heroes as they at such a post of duty.
Mere hirelings could not have been held for a week. They bore it
uncomplainingly, with implicit faith in Providence and the justice of
their cause, trust in their commander and confidence in each other.
Even then they cracked their jokes, told their stories and sang their
songs, as did James Wolfe his death-song on the way to glory, and
Abraham's Heights :

" Why should we be melancholy, boys,
Whose business 'tis to die ? "

Shame on the slanderous tongue that would ascribe base motives to
men like these.

The closing week of that dread ordeal was to bear record of the
boldest conception by the commander and by some the best executed.
On the 25th of March General Lee resolved to take the offensive and
to cut in twain the great besieging army. At the hazard of being
thought invidious, it must be written as deliberate conviction that in
that final and supreme effort Grimes's division played the grandest
part and did as usual what it was required to do, took the works in
front, with large numbers of prisoners and munitions, but being unsup-
ported by a certain other division, were compelled to fall back with a
loss of 478 men. As usual, General Grimes was conspicuous for his
reckless daring.

But the end had come. On the night of the 1st of April towards
morning the enemy effected a lodgment in our line, and although
checked and held to that particular point known as Rune's Salient by
General Grimes and his division, it was now obvious that longer
defence was impossible. Consequently, the order for the evacuation
was issued and carried into effect on that night, April 2d. On Thurs-
day morning (6th) the enemy's advance came up with the rear, as
usual in such cases commanded by Grimes. From 8 a. m. to 4 p. m.
there was almost continuous fighting, one-half of the command form-
ing line of battle to the rear, whilst the other half, retiring to a reason-
able distance further on, would do the same and permit the first to
pass. And so the retreat was kept up until Sailor's creek was reached
at 4 p. m. that day. Here the foe was repeatedly repulsed, but con

208 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

tinuing to advance in overwhelming numbers, and having flanked both
wings of the little force guarding the bridge, it was compelled to seek
escape from impending capture by precipitate flight across the creek.
It sounds almost incredible that after such an experience at the close
of Thursday, this very same division should on the next day recapture
the position and guns which had been lost by General Mahone, together
with large numbers of prisoners. No eulogy could speak higher
for its discipline and soldierly qualities or sound louder the praises of
him and his predecessor who had done its training. His escape on
the evening before partakes of the marvellous.

And now came the closing and crowning glory of this dauntless
division commander, shared in by every man of his command, forthere
was enough for all. Appomattox had been reached and the fateful
9th had arrived. It was obvious that Lynchburg was General Lee's
objective point. To prevent the consummation of this design, General
Grant had during the night massed a large force on the further side of
Appomattox Court-house to intercept his progress in that direction,
and these had thrown up earthworks at the intersection of two cross
roads. Seeing the absolute necessity of dislodging them, General
Grimes was at his own request permitted to make the attempt, the
two other divisions of Gordon's corps, Walker's and Evans's, being
placed at his disposal, Bushrod Johnson's having previously been on
the day before. Without entering into particulars it is enough to say
that he Hid all and more than was stipulated. The works were carried,
numerous pieces of artillery and prisoners captured, and the enemy
beaten back in confusion for nearly a mile and at small loss. Despatch-
ing word back to General Gordon that the road was open to Lynch-
burg, his suprise was extreme when the order in reply came to with-
draw. For the first time in his military career he refused to obey an
order from a superior. Recognizing the essentiality of his position to
the salvation of the army, and thinking that General Gordon did not
appreciate what had been gained, he disregarded the order to fallback
and numbers of like orders to the same effect. Finally one came from
the chief, and then he fell back, bringing off his own force almost
intact whilst being hotly pressed by the enemy in his rear. It was
the proud privilege of General Win. R. Cox, whose brigade was guard-
ing the rear in this retrograde movement, to fire the last volley of
" the grand army" grandest of all that the world has seen, according

GENERAL BRYAN GRIMES. 209

to Colonel Freemantle, of the Coldstream Guards, who had seen it on the
enemy's soil. The recall of that glorious division was only the pre-
lude to its dissolution. Human endurance was exhausted, and Lee
had surrendered. The first was indispensable precursor to the last.
Let the veil be drawn over that saddest of all scenes, where battle-
scarred heroes cried like puling school boys, and some did crave in
utter despair that the end of all things might come. But an overrul-
ing Providence willed otherwise, and seemed to decree that men who
stood in war unsurpassed, if not unequalled, in manly attributes, should
return to their desolated homes to illustrate the same in peace. Bryan
Grimes was one of these, and none there was more chafing at the
time. But he, like others, went home and laid aside his old gray coat,
and in the second earnest struggle which followed, this time with
" the wolf at the door," obliterated the soldier in the citizen. Fit type
was he in later days of Tennyson's " Sir Walter Vivian," and fit type
he of the modest, unpretentious country gentleman:

" And there we saw Sir Walter where he stood,
Before a tower of crimson holly oaks,
Among six boys, head under head, and looked
No little lily-handed baronet he,
A great, broad-shouldered, genial Englishman,
A lord of fat prize oxen and of sheep,
A raiser of huge melons and of pine;
A patron of some thirty charities,
A pamphleteer on guano and on grain,
A quarter sessions chairman, abler none;
Fair-hair'd and redder than a windy morn."

I will not trust myself to speak of the foul taking off of this later
Launcelot, with all of the valor and other virtues, but free from the
foibles of "Arthur's knight," except to exult over the grinding of
the " Gods' mills," which eventually brought retributive justice to his
vile assassins. Let his kinsman Cowper close this imperfect sketch,
in which all who knew him will most heartily concur:

" For honesty of purpose, for devotion to principle, for firmness of
friendship, for honor in all things, for faithfulness to all promises and
obligations, and for true genuine courage, he stood on the day of his
death the peer of any living human being." He speaks of Bryan
Grimes. Wharton J. Green.

2io THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

CAMP LIFE IN VIRGINIA.

It seems only yesterday that a party of us surveyors, arrayed in
cow-boy attire, left Washington to begin camp life in the hills of
Northern Virginia during the hot season of July; and even now the
thought of opening boxes, collecting camp utensils, " pitching tents"
and ditching them, in an open field, when the thermometer registered
95 in the shade, is almost enough to make one perspire as though he
were experiencing it all again. Yes, we can see the boys now with
their coats off working manfully to give camp a respectable appearance
before night should overtake us. So much had to be done, and so
few to do it. Old Norman Scott, an ideal Virginia negro, cook in
Gen. Fitz Lee's camp during the war, was busily engaged in preparing
supper, and, while leaning over the pots, listening to the music of
frying ham and boiling potatoes, seemed apparently unconscious of
all the bustle around him, though he was frequently asked questions
by young ladies who came out from the village near by to ascertain if
we told fortunes, or if we had anything for sale. We hear some one
beating on a tin pan. It is our supper bell. The boys rush for their
seats at the well furnished table ; grace is forgotten, formality is for-
gotten. There is a noise as of many mouths devouring soup ; hands, like
grappling irons, reach here and there ; knives and forks clatter, and the
dishes lose their contents. The meal is over ; night is upon us. The boys
gather around the camp fire, throw their feet upon the burning logs,
light their cigars, and indulge in jokes and occasional snatches of song.
Dick Cameron, of North Carolina, brings out his banjo, and invites
the little negroes, who have assembled to find out what kind of beings
these are who disturb the midnight hours, to dance to a tune of his, so
quick and devilish. The dance, so odd, so interesting, soon comes to
a close, for one of our boys, thinking it time to retire, distributes a
bucket of ice-water lavishly over the heads of the participant.-. We
enter our tent for the night. We look around us, and see six hard,
narrow, scantily covered cots prepared for our reception ; valises, packs
of cards and empty bottles, our eyes also rest upon. All ready ?
Lights out ! Each crowds into his blankets, sewed in the form of a
huge bag, like a snake into its hole. Silence reigns. Not long before
morning the wind began to blow. Distant thunder could be heard.

CAMP LIFE IN VIRGINIA. 211

Tents began to sway to and fro, as if they wished to flee before the
approaching storm. It was dark as midnight, when the big drops
began to fall. In a moment the storm was upon us. The tents seemed
to wish to visit the stars ; now and then a rope would pop, sounding
like the breaking of our heart-strings. The boys were sitting up in
their cots, their faces looking like ghosts of a troubled dream. One
tried to strike a light, but in vain. We heard a cry for help from the
opposite tent, or rather where the tent was a few moments before, for
when we peeped out, lo ! there in the wind and rain, in the mud and
slush, stood two of the boys, each clad in a single garment, wrestling
with a single rope, at the end of which hung something like a kite.
It was their tent. We laughed at them, and one of the boys yelled
out : " Give her more rope; the wind has just begun to rise." Clothes
are scattered, like wet rags, here and there in the mud. We build a
fire. The cold are warmed. The wet are dried. Breakfast is served,
our horses are harnessed to the buckboards, and we are off for a day's
work, each having a section of country to survey.

Let us look at the character of the work. A base-line has to be
surveyed first, and it is run like any ordinary railroad line with chain
and transit. All points on the line must be accurately located, such
as streams, branching roads, &c.,for this line must be a check on our
" meander work." " Meandering " consists in measuring the roads
with buckboard, to one of the rear wheels of which is attached an odo-
meter, which, recording revolutions of the wheel, measures quite accu-
rately our distance. Angles in the road are taken with the Gurley or
prismatic compass. The plane table is often used for the same purpose.
Elevations in feet are given us by means of the aneroid barometer,
which readings must be compared with those of our cistern barometer
at a base station, the elevation of which is known. In mountainous
country, triangulation, which Prof. Graves will explain, is carried on to
advantage in locating points.

As we went from place to place in historic Virginia, we encountered
men who took a pleasure in telling us of the daring deeds of our " South-
ern boys," and in pointing out to us sections of country on which
terrible battles were fought. We saw numerous men, who, before the
war, were large slave-holders ; their slaves, their property, are free, and,
in consequence, many large farms have gone to ruin. We saw large
houses, probably once fashionable residences and happy homes, now
2

212 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

so dilapidated that even those of low degree would be ashamed to
occupy them. Yes, we readily saw to what a great extent Virginia
was injured by the war, and it will be years before she will, if she ever
does, occupy the exalted position she once held among her sister States.

We spent several days at Fredericksburg. It has been made historic
by being the field of battle on which a terrible struggle took place.
We stood on Marye's Heights, famous on account of the fact that
here our Southern batteries were placed; and from this point could
be seen the " old rock wall " just below us ; beyond this was the
gentle slope to the river, up which the Unionists charged, and down
which they retreated in disorder. Houses are still standing, apparently
in good condition, bearing huge scars showing that absence of mind
would have been preferable to presence of body in such an engagement.
Rifle pits still exist, but many have been eradicated by time and the
implements of the farmer.

Not far from these heights, now a beautiful Federal burying-ground
and on the road to the little town of Fredericksburg, are the ashes of
Mary Washington. Upon this grave is erected, not a suitable monument
to her memory, but one to the indifference of the American people in
caring for their distinguished dead. We passed through the " Wilder-
ness," and along the famous plank road, near which is a monument
pointing out the spot where Jackson fell, to Unionville, where a large
force of boys from North Carolina were camped through one severe
winter.

We camped within a stone throw of the Richmond Exposition
-grounds. A great advertisement for the State was this display of
her resources. We visited the beautiful cemetery near Richmond,
and saw the graves of Presidents Monroe and Tyler. To the memory
of the former a handsome iron monument has been erected ; to the
memory of the latter there is only a little bush of green roses to mark
his resting-place, and it seemed to spring up there as if in mockery of
the dead.

A surveyor's life is, and at times is not, a happy one. It is a little
unpleasant when one has to ride about fifteen miles in a blinding snow-
storm in his summer clothes, or when he has to retire at night after a
hard day's work to his little cot with no fire, and little between him-
self and mother earth, especially when the thermometer is low, and
when the wind is whistling " from Greenland's icy mountains "
around the corners of his tent. It is at a time when one is lost at

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 213

night in the forests, when it is raining, and when he is on the wrong
side of an uninviting river that all romance vanishes from nomadic
life. It is at such a time that one thinks most forcibly of a good fire,
pleasant accommodations, and agreeable companions, such as we used
to have in the " Old South Building," when such men as Bryan, Self
and Wright made the halls of the University of North Carolina ring
with their oratory, and when Morehead and Wilson would frighten
the owls with their attempts at song.

Lewis J. Battle.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. XIV.

THE BALL-ROOM.

Dancing in the old days must have been pursued under difficulties.
I do not know when the old Steward's Hall was built, but it certainly
was for many years the only building in the place that furnished a
room large enough for saltatory exercises on any considerable scale ;
and as it was there that the large majority of the students got their
meals, the room was not likely to have been very often cleared for the
dance — and when cleared, presented but a rough surface for satin slip-
pers and trains.

Old Mrs. Elizabeth Nunn's house, which stood on the corner now
occupied by the brick store, had one good-sized room, where, I have
been told, the commencement balls were often given. It was a most
unattractive looking place, with a low ceiling crossed by black beams,
and a floor with as many ups and downs in it as an average politician's
career.

Some old people, on being interviewed on the subject, have ventured
to remember that they used to dance in Person Hall, and that Dr.
Caldwell himself figured in the dance arrayed in black silk breeches,
with silver buckles at the knee and on his pumps.

But such legends I take the liberty of discrediting. The old inhabi-
tant who professes to have seen Dr. Caldwell dancing bears a fatal

214 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

resemblance to the gentleman who before dinner remembered General
Washington, and after dinner Christopher Columbus.

I am much more disposed to believe the story that the Doctor might
be seen early of a winter morning carrying a little stone jug of rum to
the hands who were clearing a bit of new ground for him. Rum was
thought " a good creature " in those days by all parties. But the
dancing I decline to admit.

Be it all as it may, the dancing was no doubt accomplished under
disadvantages. Doctor Hooper's " Fifty Years Since" describes a
ball in Steward's Hall and the consequences that befell when one
gentleman who was cutting "the pigeon-wing" before his partner
came down with premeditated violence upon his rival's toes, and a duel
was immediately arranged to wipe out the insult.

" The old Steward Hall," says the Doctor, " was then the ball-room.
The floor was covered with spectators, except the spots left vacant for
the dancers. Of course, the gentlemen had to pull their partners to
their position through a dense thicket of lookers-on, five deep, at the
mminent risk of their hanging by the hair, or losing some of their
ornaments in the transit. In such circumstances dancing in the month
of July must have been delectable work, for the fourth of July was
then commencement day, the great national festival being the great
college festival."

Doctor Hooper's anecdotes and memorabilia went back fifty years
from the commencement occasion on which he delivered his address.
This was in 1859, wnen President Buchanan and his court graced the
scene. He was describing the University in the first decades of the
century. A little later we have from the recollections of General
Edward Mallett, a graduate of 18 18, this picture of a ball-room beau of
his day :

" The style of costume, and even the manners of the present gene-
ration are not, in my opinion, an improvement on half a century ago.
The managers would not admit a gentleman into a ball-room with
boots, or even a frock-coat ; and to dance without gloves was simply
vulgar.

"At the commencement ball (when I graduated) my coat was broad-
cloth of sea-green color, high velvet collar to match, swallow-tail,
pockets outside, with lapels and large silver-plated buttons ; white
satin damask vest, showing the edge of a blue undervest; a wide

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 215

opening for bosom ruffles, and no shirt collar. The neck was dressed
with a layer of four or five three-cornered cravats, artistically laid and
surmounted with a cambric stock, pleated, and buckled behind. My
pantaloons were white Canton crape, lined with pink muslin, and
showed \ peach blossom tint. They were rather short to display
flesh-colored silk stockings ; and this exposure was increased by very
low-cut pumps with shiny buckles. My hair was very black, very long,
and queued. I would be taken for a lunatic or a.harlequin in such a
costume now."

General Mallett delivered an address to the graduating class of '81,
being then 84 years of age. He and Bishop Green of Mississippi, and
Rev. Dr. Morrison of Charlotte, were then sole survivors of their class.
Doctor Morrison alone is now left.

Looking over the University records and papers last year, a petition
from the students to the Board of Trustees for a ball-room was found
filed away and endorsed in Doctor Mitchell's handwriting : " Rara
avis." It bears date fifty-six years ago, and as this is a centennial
year, a semi-centennial document cannot be considered out of order,
and I reproduce the rara avis for the amusement of our readers. Col-
legians fifty-six years ago seem to have been much like their brethren
of the present day — artless, confiding, and gifted with a fine flow of
words.

Chapel Hill, Nov. 4, 1833.
To the Honorable the Trustees of the University of North Carolina :

Gentlemen— Knowing that during the present month you are to
meet according to adjournment, a numerous and respectable assem-
blage of our fellow students convened and appointed us a committee
to lay before you this petition, the object of which is to obtain your
assent to our using at the next commencement so much of the Stew-
ard's Hall as is necessary for the convenience of a ball.

We are sensibly touched with the delicacy of presenting our peti-
tion at so early a period. But knowing not whether you will again
convene prior to jjthe next commencement, and urged on by the
strongest motives of policy, we are constrained to submit it now,
though stamped with the impress of prematurity.

We believe that the intellectual improvement and gentlemanly
accomplishments which would be superadded to the other acquire-

216 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

ments of the students, would justify you in causing to be built a suit-
able ball-room, purposely for their accommodations. And were the new
Chapel completed, this petition would have requested permission for
us, at our own expense, to have turned the old Chapel (Person Hall}
into such a conveniency. But aware of the limited resources of the
University, we refrain from all such requests, and ask only such as can
be granted without any disbursement.

For us to argue the propriety and defend the practicability of balls
would be presumption in the extreme ; since we are addressing you
who deduce conclusions from the wisdom of experience. And, in
conclusion, we can but assert from our little stock of experience, that
we are convinced no genius, however promising, can effect much in the
present enlightened era destitute of the polished accomplishments.

And since on this retired Hill of Science we are precluded from the
improvements of society, we feel from this cause an inevitable draw-
back upon our literary acquirements. And knowing that balls do
greatly promote gentility, we earnestly solicit your acquiescence to
this petition.

But waiving all personal concern in the fate of the petition, we
should still strenuously advocate its principles as promoting the best
interests of this institution, as enhancing the splendours of our com-
mencements, and as contributing much, very much, to the gratification
and pleasure of the adored Fair who honor us with their company on
that universal jubilee.

We have the honor to be, Gentlemen,

Your humble servants,

Christopher C. Battle,
J no. H. Watson,
Wm. P. Webb,

Committee.

Addressed to Charles Manly, Esq., Secretary of the Board of
Trustees.

This composition is certainly unique, and cannot be read without
delight.

" Adored Fair " is good. The phrase smacks of the last century, but
is as pleasing as ever, and should be revived. The weight and power
of the arguments in favor of dancing cannot but be felt : " No genius,

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 217

however promising, can effect much in this enlightened era, destitute
of the polished accomplishments;" while "our own literary acquire-
ments feel an inevitable drawback from the want of society." How
unanswerable the "promotion of gentility " by balls !

It is all extremely refreshing. Of the three rising juniors who
signed this petition, but one is now living. Of the whole class, which
graduated in 1835, but three survive : R. B. Creecy of Elizabeth City,
James Hutchins of Texas, Wm. P. Webb of Alabama.

On the discovery of the above petiton, Doctor Phillips borrowed
it from the archives, and sent it to Judge Webb, who returned it with
a letter so genial and so enjoyable that, without asking permission of
any of the parties, I shall give it here. It is a genuine " old student's"
letter, and no old student can read it without pleasure.

Eutaw, Alabama, March 25, 1889.

Dr. Chas. Phillips : My Dear Sir — I have read the " petition "
over time and time again, remembering the writer and the occasion
and the signers with melancholy interest. * * *. I laid it away
for awhile to read again and return to you with my thanks, and have
just been reminded of it by a correspondence with my friend and
classmate, Dick Creecy, who still lives in the enjoyment of health and
a green old age. I have written to him requesting him to represent
our class of '35 at the centennial of the University in June next.

I recognize the style and handwriting and signature of our lamented
friend Battle, the author of the petition, and call your attention to
the date thereof, "November, 1833," when the stars fell, and as we
were then just out of our sophomorical studies, I hope you will excuse
all rhetorical flourishes and pass its imperfections by.

It reminds me of an amusing incident which occurred soon after-
wards (in 1834). Battle and I were appointed on a committee with
others to invite distinguished persons to the next commence-
ment. He indicted one to our then Governor, David L. Swain (whose
sobriquet was " Old Warping-bars "), inviting him to attend and "give
dignity and stability to the ball." I reminded him of the Governor's
reputation as a wit, and hinted that he might ridicule that language.
But Battle insisted, and sent it. Sure enough the Governor replied,
(with regrets) and suggested that we ought to supply his place at the
ball "with some one who would give agility to it."

218 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

We never mentioned it, and the boys did not get hold of the joke.
Excuse me for recalling one more class incident. While we were
studying chemistry, &c, with only Doctor Mitchell's MS. lectures,
our class assembled under one of the grand old oaks south of the
" Old South," and one read the lecture while the others listened and
lounged. The Doctor often used and repeated the phrase " from
time to time!' We all agreed that when we met him at recitation,
each one of us should use the words "from time to time ' as often as
possible. It was done, several times, as you may suppose, and the
Doctor saw the point. He said nothing, however, but next day when
we entered the recitation room (on time) we found him (in loco) and
the long table before him covered with books, and he himself covered
with smiles. After roll-call the Doctor began to read authorities,
ancient and modern, lay and clerical, prose and poetical, classical and
scientific — all using the words " from time to time," and after exhaust-
ing the hour for recitation, he dismissed the class with one of his bland
smiles. We retired with a loud " Hurra/i for old Mike /"

I might relate other college stories still fresh in memory after the
lapse of more than fifty years. But my hand is stiff and has forgot
its cunning, and now, with the frosts of 74 winters upon me, will no
longer obey my eye.

Thank Mrs. S. for her favors and her notice to Creecy that I was
still on this side of the river. He made a handsome retraxit, and we
have exchanged photos, and greetings. Let him see the petition.

Remember me very kindly to Prof. Love and his wife, who visited
us on their bridal tour.

I am, dear Doctor, very truly your friend,

Wm. P. Webb.

Taking General Mallett's reminiscences in connection with the peti-
tion, it seems quite likely that well-conducted public assemblies were
half a century and more ago really a considerable factor in civiliza-
tion and in the " promotion of gentility." It was surely well that
there should be at least one assemblage where young men were com-
pelled to dress carefully, and behave with some ceremony. Manners
were taught, and the code of polite society rigidly enforced. These
balls were nearly all that the young people of that day had to impart

ON MITCHELL'S HIGH PEAK. 219

to them grace or refinement, to teach them politeness, forbearance,
self-restraint and the fine courtesies due the sexes from each other.

They have a good many other sources opened up to them in these
later days from which they may and do learn such needful lessons.
Fine breeding need not go to a ball-room to find its best exemplars
now. Indeed I much question if they are to be met there. Dancing
is not what it was, and in these times is by no means of the fine arts.

We salute Judge Webb, Mr. Creecy and Mr. Hutchins. We heartily
congratulate them on lives well spent and honorable, and on retain-
ing to their closing years an unabated an affectionate interest in their
Alma Mater.

The regiments sent out by our University in the early decades of
this century are indeed grievously thinned. Here and there only can
the veterans be found. But wherever found, their eyes will light up
at mention of Chapel Hill with undying love and fond remembrance.
Whether it was in the days of Caldwell, or Swain, or Battle, still each
one recalls his own time as the best, his own class the cleverest of all.
So may it ever be.

" Think oft, ye brethren,

Think of the gladness of your youthful prime,
It cometh not again — that golden time."

Mrs. C. P. Spencer.

ON MITCHELL'S HIGH PEAK: A NIGHT ADVENTURE.

While tramping through the mountains of North Carolina during
the summer of 1885, I had the good fortune to make the ascent of
Mitchell's High Peak, and while spending the night on its summit I
had one adventure which I shall endeavor to relate.

My brother and I started one evening in the latter part of July,
from " the station," to go a distance of five miles, to a guide's house
near the foot of the mountain. Our intention was to spend the night
there and get an early start the next morning for a nine-mile climb to
the summit. As usual we carried our sketch-boxes, and, as we were
both fond of this kind of work, we made it a source not only of pleas-
ure but also of profit.

220 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

About nightfall we reached the guide's house. It was a dilapidated,
though roomy, log house on the banks of a roaring mountain stream,
the Swannanoa, abounding in trout of the speckled or mountain
variety. We found there two boys from Tennessee, who expected,
themselves, to make the ascent the next day, and were glad to share
with us the guide's fee.

In entering the house, we had noticed lying on the porch, with his
head against a post, a short, hump-shouldered man of about sixty or
seventy years, with a wrinkled face and grizzled gray beard, bare-
footed, and wearing an old slouch hat and coarse shirt, with string
suspenders. He had a very narrow brow, and one of his hands had
been cut off at the wrist ; altogether, he was a strange looking figure.

The sister of the guide told us, while we ate our supper of " wheat
bread" and muddy coffee, that he was an idiot, and, being harmless,
they allowed him to stay with them and sleep on the floor near the
fire.

"Ther' aint no harm in him at all," she said, in the usual mountain
jargon, "but he haint nowhere ter stay, unlest we let him stay here,
an' it looks hard ter drive him away."

"You see, sir," she continued, "he haint but one hand. Some two
or three year ago, he wus a-walkin' on the railroad down here at Roun'
Knob, wher' ther' is a stone trustle, an' he had somebody's little child
along with him.

"Wall, they started to walk acrost the trustle, but they hadn't got
more'n half way when the train come in sight round the cut 'n' they
didn't know what ter do. Wall, the little gal managed ter git off in
time, but John, thar, he hung down outside the trustle 'n' put his
hand over the rail an' the train cut it off.

" Sence that, John haint had no use fer the train, but stays 'round
here purty much all the time, 'n' sometimes he goes up on the mount-
ing with the others. Thcy's always glad ter have him ter carry bundles
fer 'em. John's always willin'."

We watched him walking around in his bent, shuffling fashion, some-
times talking to himself, and sometimes " writin* " on a scrap of dirty
paper with a stub of a pencil. " Keepin' his 'counts," the woman
told us, with a nod and a smile.

We arose the next morning, long before the sun had reached the
valley, and ate our breakfast, in that dewy coolness that characterizes
the atmosphere of a mountain "cove."

ON MITCHELL'S HIGH PEAK. 221

From the guide we procured blankets, bread, ground coffee and a
piece of dried bacon, which articles we divided into packs and distrib-
uted between us — giving a part to John, he having announced his
intention of going with us. Then, bending to the task, we set out in
the best of spirits. Our path followed up the clear Swannanoa, con-
tinually crossing and recrossing it. John shuffled along behind us talk-
ing to himself about a " b'ar " that he had seen up in the "cove.'''
Upon our asking the guide how old he supposed John to be, he replied
that he " reckoned he wuz nigh onto sixty year, though he says him-
self as he will be sixteen in June and March."

We had made about two miles in this way when we came upon a
party of venturesome young people from New Jersey, mounted, and
evidently intent on making the same journey that we had started upon.

Among the guides whom this party had employed, we noticed a
half-breed Indian, who had straggled off — we were told^— from a roving
band of Cherokees, of which tribe there remains still quite a number
in the southwestern counties of Cherokee and Swain.

He was a crafty looking fellow, and wore leather moccasins and leg-
gings, and a "coon-skin " cap, all ornamented after the Indian fashion
with beads. Our guide further told us that he often accompanied
parties going up on the mountain, for the purpose, ostensibly, of get-
ting balsam canes and fishing rods, which he pretended to sell.

In consequence of the circumstance which I am about to relate, I
have always had a vivid recollection of the appearance of this fellow.

We soon began to climb in earnest, for the grade, which up to this
point was easy, now became very steep. The path is well marked but
very crooked, going in a zig-zag fashion in order to afford a better
footing for the horses. The surface was covered, for the most part,
up to an altitude of about 5000 feet, with a heavy forest growth of
oak, chestnut, and ash, dotted here and there with great spruce pines.
Above this altitude the growth is almost exclusively balsam.

Patient toiling brought us past the half-way house, over the great
dome of Potato Top, down a short distance, then over the peak called
"Clingman's," and the smaller peaks Gibbs and Hallback, and it was
five o'clock in the afternoon before we reached the summit of the
monarch of the Alleghanies.

After staking the horses we settled ourselves to enjoy the enchant-
ing panorama, of which it were useless to attempt a description. When

222 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the sun sank behind the billows of mountains, we were so lost in
admiration of its beauty, that we scarcely had time to make ready our
camping place before the darkness fell, or rather arose, for thus it
seems to do on the mountain top.

We were to sleep under a shelter formed by the shelving of a ledge
of rocks, at a short distance from the summit. Our limbs ached so
much from our exertions that we were disposed to look upon a pros-
pective bed of balsam boughs as a luxury.

A fire of balsam logs was kindled in front of the great rock, for the
temperature at this altitude was quite low, notwithstanding the fact
that it was midsummer. Besides this, the fire would be of service to
frighten off any prowling wild beast, for black bears and wild cats are
quite often seen on the Black Mountains.

"Rattlesnakes" were suggested, but the guide offered to " eat all
you ketched above the half-way house." With this assurance we
drew over us our blankets, and, with feet extended to the fire, we slept.

I do not know how long I had been asleep when I became conscious
of some movement near me. I finally managed to arouse myself, and
found that the fire had died down, and that puffs of cloud were being
blown over us by the wind. I started to get up to rake together the
smouldering logs, but seeing the idiot, John, sitting drawn up, with
his chin on his knees, and acting rather strangely, I paused.

He had been shaking the end of a bough on which I lay, and as I
looked at him, he pointed his finger up the ledge to where those of
the other party were sleeping. I followed the movement with my
eyes, but seeing nothing unusual, I started again to go toward the fire,
thinking that John was indulging in some of his usual contortions.
But as he kept pointing, I again looked, and had my curiosity aroused
by seeing a figure, which I recognized as that of the half-breed, step-
ping about very cautiously among the slumberers.

Their fire had died down so much that I could not see well enough
to make out what his actions meant. Soon he came out from under
the ledge and disappeared in the path to the summit.

At this the old man became excited, and after watching the retreat-
ing figure until he .could see it no longer, he sprang up and stole
around the lower end of the granite ledge. This ledge is several
hundred yards in length and runs from the edge of the summit, on the
path side, in a direction perpendicular to that of the chain. The ledge

ON MITCHELL'S HIGH PEAK. 223

slopes toward the north, and it was under the shelter thus formed that
we slept.

On the south side the surface sloped off rapidly, and was covered
with that almost impenetrable growth of balsam to the very base
of the ledge. Something prompted me to follow the old man, though
I took the precaution to get from my pack a revolver.

I had thought that side of the ledge almost untrodden by human
footsteps, but I soon found myself mistaken, for the old man darted
quickly forward close to the face of the rock, and as I followed as best
I could, I saw that we were in an unused trail which afforded a pas-
sage, cramped and dangerous as it was.

" John kin ketch yer," he said to himself with a chuckle. Then I
began to see what the old fellow's idea was, and when, after some
very perilous climbing, I saw before us the well marked path by which
we had ascended the mountain, I realized that he would in some way
intercept the half-breed at this point.

I had cause to be thankful, in this climb of about two hundred
yards, for my previous training in this direction, for I was obliged
sometimes to hold on with my fingers in cracks of the rocks, and
several times I came near falling into the tops of the dark balsams
below.

Immediately upon reaching this path, John crouched in the shadow
of a clump of balsams, keeping a sharp lookout toward the summit. I
did the same, hardly knowing why, and felt, I confess it, a little ner-
vous in the company of this idiotic old fellow.

Soon the unmistakable sound of a horse's hoofs striking against the
rocks was heard, and three horses, on one of which was seated the
Indian, appeared in the steep, rough path above.

His plan evidently was to make off with the horses under cover of
darkness, and, once reaching the half-way house (a deserted rock
cabin), he would take one of the obscure trails leading down on the
other side of the mountain, thus making his way to where he would
be safe from pursuit.

I gripped my pistol, having, however, a very confused idea of what
I wanted to do. John settled the matter for me, for as the Indian,
seated on the foremost horse, got opposite the bush which concealed
us, he sprang into the path directly in front of the horse, and, in fact,
almost under his feet.

224 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

As might be supposed, the horse gave a sudden lunge to the right,
thus unseating the Indian, lithe and sinewy as he was. The path here
ran along the sloping upper edge of a very steep declivity, and the
Indian, falling on the lower side, was not able to gain a footing, and
literally rolled all the way to the bottom. The frightened horses
contrived to turn about in the narrow, shelf-like path, and made their
way back to the summit.

I heard the fellow crashing into the balsam tops below and could
not help feeling a little pity for the poor wretch, badly as he had
deceived us.

It being too dark to venture down from the path to look after the
Indian's injuries, I hurried up to the summit, and then down to the
camp. John followed me, keeping up a running series of excited
chuckles and grunts, displaying evident satisfaction at the ruse he had
played.

I awakened the others and told them what had transpired. We did
not attempt any more sleeping, but staked the horses where we could
watch them and listened to the "hair-lifting" tales which the guides,
by turns, told us. The situation was wild and romantic in the extreme,
and the region abounds in weird and curious legends which an episode
of this kind always brings to mind.

Early the next morning several of us went to the scene of the
occurrence, and picking our way carefully down the rugged slope, found
the half-breed badly bruised and with a broken arm, sitting with his
back against a tree trunk within a few feet of where he had fallen.
He was very sullen, but seemed to show some gratitude when he saw
that we were disposed to treat him kindly. We had to help him on a
horse when we got ready to descend, and when we reached the guide's
house we left him in his custody.

In the sack which he carried we found a number of valuables, includ-
ing some money which he had taken from our packs while we slept.

Before separating to take our different routes, we made arrangements
with the guide who had befriended the half witted John to give him
food and clothing for a year at least, for we felt that we were greatly
indebted to his wakefulness and cunning.

We reached " the station " about nightfall, thoroughly tired, but
proud of having spent the night on this Pisgah of the Occident.

Hunter L. Harris.

THE OLD AND THE NEW.

I heard the Old Year moan and sigh,
I heard the Old Year groan and die,
While wailing winds went soughing by,

Out in the sobbing rain —
Old Year, why art thou moaning so?
We are content that thou should'st go ;
We tired of years long, long ago ;

To die must be a gain.

Out of the death grows life anew ;
Out of the false there comes the true ;
Out of the Old Year springs the new,

Thou'lt come again, Old Year.
Into the dark alone thou'lt go, —
Why art thou sighing, sobbing so?
The One above keeps watch below.

He lives — need never fear.

A rest and change ; all things anew ;
They'll live again, the false and true.
If only good lived in the new.

Our many derelictions
Would count but little in the end;
And truth from error would forefend;
In life or death, sweet heaven would send

Us many benedictions.

Out of the night will come the day ;

Out of the dust, out of decay,

Will come the buds and blooms of May;

Only a change, remember —
When every flow'ret censer swings,
And warbling bird its anthem sings,
And to the heart such gladness brings,

It soon forgets December.

226 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Hark ! on the air, I hear a bell —
'Tis "12 o'clock, and all is well !"
The watchman's cry — Old Year farewell,

Out in the sobbing rain ;
No passer by I see on street ;
Hark ! now I hear the tramping feet,
But cannot see for storm and sleet,

With face against the pane.

The year is dead, Oh no ! Oh no !
The year still lives, Oh ho ! Oh ho !
The rain and wind have ceased, and so,

Long life, New Year, to you !
All sounds are hushed, above, below ;
Soft, on the pane, the snow ! the snow !
A winding sheet that husheth all,
In lowly hut or lordly hall —
A winding sheet for the Old Year, no !

A mantle for the New.

Oh ! bright New'Year, with snow-white train,
Oh ! glad New Year, you've come again :
Covering the earth, its every stain,
With snow-white train from mount to main —

May good live on in you,

The beautiful and true !

Long life, long life to you !
Oh ! bright New Year, Oh ! glad New Year,
'Tis not too soon for hearty cheer,
Our requiem for the dying year,

Reveille for the new !

The beautiful, the true !

Long life, long life to you !

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 227

Life out of death, Oh ! crown of thorn !
Oh ! sacred brow, all bleeding, torn ;
Thou Man of many sorrows, born

To give us life eternal,
Grant to us life indeed, we pray;
Keep us along this death-life way,
Till death is dead in life, we pray,

Oh love, oh joy supernal !

— Christopher Coit Woodhouse.

Biographical Sketches

OF THE

CONFEDERATE DEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Edited by Stephen B. Weeks.

Iredell, James Johnston, Raleigh, N. C, b. in Edenton, N. C.
Feb. 3, 1828, son of James and Frances Johnston, d. May 10, 1864.
He was prepared for college in Raleigh, whither his father had removed
to practise law, after serving a term as Governor and a term in the U.
S. Senate ; joined the University in 1844, and was graduated in 1848.
He was not married and was a lawyer by profession. Practised law
in Elizabeth City, N. C; removed to Raleigh after the death of his
father, Governor Iredell, in 1853. He entered the Confederate service
in 1861, was appointed Major and commanded the Camp of Instruc-
tion, Camp Mangum, near Raleigh. Early in 1862 he joined the Fifty-
third Regiment, N. C. T., Gen. Daniel's Brigade, but was command-
ing the Second N. C. Battalion. He was put in command of this bat-
talion after the battle of Gettysburg, when, to quote from one of his
letters, " from the loss of officers and other causes, it was very much
demoralized." The following is part of an obituary published at the
time of his death : " Killed, at the battle of Spottsylvania C. H., Va.
Major James J. Iredell, commanding Second Battalion, N. C. T., in the

3

228 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

35th year of his age. Nobly and gallantly discharging a sacred duty,
faithfully and earnestly battling in a cause which met his conscien-
tious approval and received his untiring energies and devotion, he has
laid down a well-spent life — a true testimony of his sincerity before
the shrine of his country's freedom and independence. He was a true,
open hearted and reliable gentleman, possessing rare virtues and
exalted merit. His whole life was marked by purity of thought and
action, and he has left to the rising generation an example which may
well be followed."

The following is taken from a notice written when the remains
of Major Iredell and his brother, Capt. Campbell T. Iredell,
who fell at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, were brought to Raleigh
for interment in 1866, both having lost their lives in battle and been
hastily buried on the battle field : " James Johnston Iredell was
Major of the Fifty-third Regiment, N. C. T., Daniel's Brigade. The
writer of this was his college classmate and knew him intimately up
to that sad 10th day of May, 1864, when he fell at his post on the
field of Spottsylvania. Possessing a strict sense of personal honor, a
gentle and charitable heart, a remarkable regard for the feelings of
others, and for the high toned amenities of life, and inheriting all the
generous qualities of the stock from which he sprung, he was, in the
truest sense of that comprehensive word, a gentleman." A Phi.

Lane, Thomas Hill, Wilmington, N. C, b. March 23, 1820, son of
Levin and Margaret M.; shot through the body in a skirmish on St.
Mary's river, Fla., just previous to the battle of Ocean Pond, during
the winter or spring of 1864; fe^l into the enemy's hands and
died the next day. Matriculated 1838. Married Sophia Ashe.
He removed to Florida in 1858 and became a planter in Suwanee
county. He served in the Home Guards, or Senior Reserves. The
main feature in his character was the singular gentleness and amiability
of his nature, being almost womanly in his affections; but he also
possessed all the elements of a true and brave man, stubbornly firm
and fearless in the discharge of what he conceived to be his duty.
He left a large family. A Di.

LUTTERLOH, Jarvis Buxton, Fayetteville, N. C, b. in Fayette-
ville, Dec. 8, 1841, son of Thos. S. and Mary F., d. April 29, 1863.
Matriculated 1857, class i860, with honor. Unmarried. Enlisted
May 17, 1 861, in Co. H, Bethel Reg't, as a private, Capt. Wright Huske

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 229

Col. D. H. Hill, and participated in the first pitched battle of the war,
on the peninsula, below Yorktown, June 10, 1861. When his term of
service had expired, he re enlisted and was commissioned First Lieu-
tenant, Co. E, Fifty-sixth Regiment, April 1, 1862, Capt. Jos. G. Lock-
hart, Col. Paul Faison. In the arduous campaign on the Blackwater,
and upon every field where his duty made him an actor, he never failed
in those qualities which attest true manhood, patriotism and unselfish
devotion. Commanding his company at the battle of Gum Swamp,
near Kinston, N. C, on the 28th of April, 1863, surrounded by thou-
sands of the enemy and exposed to a murderous fire, he fell mortally
wounded at the head of his little band, supporting and encouraging
them to the last by his brave and cheering words. He was endowed
with a buoyant disposition and a genial humor, and was cordially
welcomed wherever known. Faithfulness was the great fibre of his
character, and to him lack of fidelity was the one unpardonable sin.
A Phi.

McEachern, Robert James, Robeson co., N. C, b. April 18, 1833,
son of Hector and Mary Smith, d. June 21, 1864, in Petersburg, Va.
Spent a year at Trinity College and entered the University in 1856;
did not graduate, on account of his father's death. Unmarried. He
had taught school in Texas two years, but was preparing to farm when
the war began. First enlisted in the LaFayette Light Infantry, First
Regiment, as a private, and was stationed at Yorktown. When the
company was disbanded he came home and assisted in raising a mili-
tary company which became Company D, Fifty-first Regiment, Cling-
man's Brigade, Hoke's Division. Made First Lieutenant and command-
ing Captain of this company, April 9, 1863. He was present at Drury's
Bluff, Bermuda Hundreds, Battery Wagner, and was mortally wounded
at Cold Harbor, May 31, 1864. He was of fine personal appearance,
pleasant and affable in manners, social and genial in disposition, of
good intellectual acquirements, moral in his habits and religiously
inclined. A Phi.

McMillan, George Washington, New Hanover co., N. C, b. in
the spring of 1840, son of Dr. G. H. and Mrs. Laura Foy, nte Nixon,
d. November, 1862. Matriculated 1857, c ^ ss 1861. Unmarried. He
first joined the Scotland Neck company as a private; he was promoted
and made Orderly Sergeant in L. W. Humphrey's, afterwards John A.
Baker's Company, 3rd N. C. Cavalry. He received his death wound on

230 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the "Holly Shelter" road, between Jacksonville and Wilmington ; he
was sitting sidewise on his horse ; when his companions came riding
up behind him, this frightened the horse and McMillan was thrown ;
his foot caught in the stirrup and he was dragged in that position some
twenty feet. He returned to camp, got a furlough from the surgeon
and remained at his home, near Fayetteville, until his death. He was
a member of the Presbyterian church, and much beloved by all his
friends. A Phi.

McRee, ROBERT COWAN, Wilmington, N. C, b. in Wilmington, Sept.
27, 1845, son of James Fergus, Surgeon C. S. A., and Sally Cowan.
He was a descendant of Gen. John Ashe and Maj. G. J. McRee, officers
in the Continental line, a great-grandson of David Stone, Governor of
North Carolina and United States Senator, a grandson and nephew of
the two Colonels, R. H. Cowan, who were graduates of the University.
He first matriculated at the Georgetown (D. C.) Catholic College, and
was warmly loved by the fathers there ; he entered the University of
North Carolina in 1861 and remained until in the fall of 1863. Un-
married. He was offered a position by General Whiting in the Quar-
termaster's Department, but declined, saying, " Such places should be
for disabled soldiers." Advised by his physician at Chapel Hill that
his health was not strong, and that a certificate from him would pro-
cure his exemption before the medical board, he said, " Let me go and
try it first. If I find I can't stand it, then I will get your certificate." He
joined Co. K, Third Regiment, Capt. T. E. Armstrong, Col. S. D. Thurs-
ton, Lane's Brigade, and was almost immediately made Sergeant-major
of the regiment. He was present at Mine Run and was mortally
wounded at Spottsylvania C. H., May 10, 1864; died in the enemy's
hands May 23. He was very handsome and his talents were of
a high order. Was noted for his coolness and bravery, and his end was
calm and peaceful. A Di.

Martin, George Saunders, Maury county, Tenn., b. in Nashville,
Jan. 3, 1840. His father, Col. Geo. Martin, was for many years one of
the most prominent business men of Nashville. His mother was a
sister of Gen. Gideon J. Pillow. Matriculated 1857, class i860.
Married, Sept. 9, 1862, Mary Gordon, daughter of Hon. A. O.
P. Nicholson, U. S. Senator from Tennessee, and University of
North Carolina, class 1827. When General Pillow was assigned to a
command in the Confederate States Army he appointed his nephew on

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 231

his staff as Lieutenant and Aide-de-camp. Lieutenant Martin accom-
panied General Pillow when transferred to Fort Donelson, and there
was first under fire. Owing to the scarcity of skilled officers, quite a
number of assignments were made into the batteries on the first day's
fight with the gunboats. Lieutenant Martin was of the number,
having been assigned to a gun in the lower battery. When the fight
was at its fiercest, Lieutenant Martin found himself short of wadding
for his gun. At once he pulled off his coat, and tearing it up, used it
for wadding. This fact is related in General Pillow's official report of
the fight. During the subsequent fighting he bore himself with con-
spicuous gallantry. He was shot by a band of horse-thieves and rob-
bers, while riding along the road near Bainbridge, Ala., August 20,
1863, and died Sept. 23, 1863. He is buried at Ashwood, Maury
county, Tenn. A Di.

Mickle, John Martin, Haynesville, Ala., b. Sept. 7, 1830, son of
John Joseph and Rebecca Martin ; mortally wounded Sept. 19, 1863.
Matriculated 1851. Married Martha S., daughter of Hon. Geo. W.
Stone, Chief Justice of Alabama. A farmer by profession in Shelby
county, Alabama. He entered the service as First Lieutenant Co. I,
Eighteenth Alabama Regiment, Infantry ; was promoted to the cap-
taincy of that company in the fall of 1862 or spring of 1863. This regi-
ment was a part of Clayton's Brigade, Stewart's Division, Army of Ten-
nessee. Promoted for gallantry on the battlefield at Shiloh by Gen.
Braxton Bragg; shot in the side by a minie-ball at Chickamauga
while rallying his command ; lingered in great pain for eight months
and ten days without a murmur or complaint ; died at Montgomery at
his father-in-law's house. A Phi.

Nelms, Charles G., Anson co., N. C, son of Presley Nelms, was
born in Anson county, N. C, five miles east of Wadesboro, about the
year 181 5, and was of excellent family. Matriculated 1832. After
leaving the University he studied law and located at Holly Springs,
Miss., where he engaged in the practice of his profession. He was also
a cotton planter. He married a Miss McCorker, of Holly Springs.
About the year 1858, Colonel Nelms was planting in Louisiana, as well
as Mississippi. As Lieutenant-Colonel he commanded a regiment at
the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, and was mortally wounded. A Di.

Editor's Table.

The Centennial of the University.— In
June next we celebrate the centennial of the
granting of the charter of the University.
While the corner-stone of the first building
was not laid till four years later, and the
work of teaching did not commence till six
years later, still the University dates its
legal existence from the year 1789, and thus
it is very fitting that we honor the present
year as being the hundredth in ihe history of
the Institution. As a matter of fact the
clause ordering the encouragement of useful
learning in one or more Universities was in-
corporated in the Constitution in 1776. But
during the Revolutionary war of course noth-
ing was done, and for the seven years follow-
ing its close everything was in such anarchy,
that all progress was at a standstill. But
Davie and his compeers were not idle, and
with the dawn of stronger government came
the positive action of the granting of the
charter. Well may we celebrate with highest
honors the centennial of the one institution
which has been, through prosperity and adver-
sity, the source of culture, the centre of edu-
cation and the cradle of the great men of the
State of North Carolina.

The commemorative exercises will be
amply worthy of the greatness of the occa-
sion. The oration by Senator Ransom, the
historical addresses in the two Literary Socie-
ties, the various class exercises, and last, but
by no means least, the great Alumni dinner
on Wednesday, will afford a most interesting
and instructive entertainment. The program
is an altogether charming one, entirely unique
in the annals of the State. It will draw to-
gether the Alumni and friends of the Univer-
sity from far and near. The indications all
are that the attendance will be absolutely un-
precedented: old graduates to see once more
the scenes of their youth, young men to renew
the friendships of past years — with their
wives and daughters. Let everybody come.
Chapel Hill is a small village, but it can give

hospitality to a very large company, and
when all are in a good humor, small discom-
forts can easily be borne.

Besides the great celebration, the centen-
nial year will be signalized by a catalogue of
all the students of the University from 1795
to the present day. In addition to the names
it will endeavor to give the chief facts of
every one's life : his birth and death, profes-
sion and place of residence, together with his
collegiate degrees and the posts of honor
which have been his through life. In addi-
tion there will be lists of the Trustees and
officers of the University, and of the degrees
granted. A somewhat elaborate history of
the University from its foundation will ac-
company the catalogue. Prepared by the
President, Hon. K. P. Battle, it is a matter
of course that it will be a well-written, accu-
rate and vivid narrative.

The catalogue has been compiled by Mrs.
C. P. Spencer. With energy untiring, with
devotion extraordinary and with the most
pains-taking care, she has been at work for
several years, sparing neither time nor labor.
The debt of gratitude which our people owe
Mrs. Spencer can never be fully appreciated
save by those who have embarked in a simi-
lar enterprise of catalogue-making.

It is the first catalogue of the kind ever
issued by the University. A Latin catalogue
of graduates was published in 1S52, and the
registers of the two Societies have appeared
from time to time, but the extent of the in-
formation which it will give, and the large num-
ber of names which it will contain, render this
a work unique in its character and of peculiar
difficulties. Of course it will contain many in-
accuracies, but in view of the very imperfect
nature of all former efforts, and the great
length of time since anything has been done,
it will be, as a whole, a reliable and certainly
extremely valuable document.

The Campus. — With each successive
spring it seems that our campus becomes more

EDITOR'S TABLE.

233

beautiful. We make the assertion without 4. Fell first in love, Jan. 3d, '64.

fear of contradiction that in natural beauty 5. Got over first case, Jan. 4th, '64.

it is the most lovely of all the American col- 6. Had successively and successfully

lege grounds. It must be confessed, however, mumps, measles, chicken-pox, whooping-

that a little more art would not be prejudicial cough, etc., etc.

to the beauties of nature. While the grass 7. Entered school.

isjpi a velvety greenness at a distance, on 8. Passed through school and entered col-

>CToser inspection it is seen to be coarse and ' e g e -

/ by no means thickly planted. It is very 9- Blacked at college, Sept. 6th, '77.

much needed that the. whole campus be re- IO - Graduated, June, '81.

sown entirely in lawn grass, and kept closely "• Went backas post-graduate, Sept., '81.

mowed. It would add very greatly to its 12. Did nothing Sept. '8i-Feb., '82.

appearance. A wee bit more of attention to J 3- Entered Exp. Station, Feb., '82.

the drains and ditches would not be amiss, 1+ Drew salary promptly first of each

■ ., month,
either.

The Magazine.-We do not wish to ^ Continue to draw,
appear vain-glorious, but we cannot avoid The Subscription-paper Evil. -We
calling attention to the fact that the circula- think that Cha P el HlU ls the one P lace oi a11
tion of this number is considerably over six others noted for getting up subscriptions,
hundred copies. We are sure that few, if II has reached the point that one is in con-
any, of our Southern exchanges have so large stant te "or lest at any time he meet the
a subscription list, and we doubt if more ubiquitous subscription-paper man. Now,
than two or three of the Northern college we are sending a missionary to China ; now,
monthlies exceed it. We thank, too, our Wing a man a cow to make up for one he
contemporaries for the numerous handsome has lost > now > bringing a man from Prince-
compliments which they have paid us, and ton to teach us foot-ball ; now, sending a
we wish that our modesty would permit us to man to Northfield to learn Y. M. C. A.
reprint some of them. methods ; now, rebuilding a burned mill ;

A Life History.— In the preparation of now - buying base-balls, etc. ; now— but we

the centennial catalogue Mrs. Spencer sent are overcome. Great Heavens ! What will

out a vast number of blank circulars to be it all come to ? We should not be surprised

filled in, giving birth, death, marriage, &c. if the whole session should eventually be-

&c. Some of the replies received were very come absorbed in the drawing up of sub.crip-

amusing. The following is too good to be tion-papers, and attendance on and paying

lost. monthly dues in the thousand and odd socie-

Please answer briefly the following ques- ties of one sort and another. As it is now,

tions relating to Mr , we pass our days signing subscriptions, and

who was at the University in the years our nights going to society meetings. Be-

1877-81, from Tarboro, N. C. tween the subscriptions and the initiation fees,

1. Name in full, . everybody is bankrupt, and how we are

2. Date of birth, Aug, 4th, i860. going to get home after commencement is

3. Date of death, the burning question of the hour. At the

4. Place of residence, Raleigh, N. C. breakfast table the subscription-paper is

5. If married, to whom? Not yet ('83). thrust into our hands. After prayeis another
.6. Leading points in the history of his life, is handed us, and so on through the whole

fifteen in number, to-wit: day. At night, utterly exhausted, the heart-

1. Born Aug. 4th, i860. rending news is brought that a new society

2. Cut first tooth, July 13th, '61. has been formed : " A mock congress." But

3. Passed through dark days of civil war. fortunately membership is not compulsory.

234

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Doctor Charles Phillips. — We wish to
express our unfeigned sorrow at the depar-
ture from Chapel Hill and from North Caro-
lina of Dr. Charles Phillips and his wife.
They go to live with their sons, Dr. \Ym. B.
and Rev. Alex. L. Phillips, in Birmingham,
Ala. Dr. Phillips was the last of the old
ante-bellum Faculty who continued to live
at the Hill. At the breaking up in 1868 he
became a Professor at Davidson College, but
in 1875, at the call of his alma mater, he re-
sumed his old place. For a year he was
chairman of the Faculty, and for three years
more he held the position of Professor of
Mathematics. But his health then failed
and since 1S79 he lias been Professor Emeri-
tus. With unfailing patience and cheerful-
ness he has borne all the pain of constant
sickness. With rare good will and kindness
to everybody he endeared himself to all his
acquaintances. Of great ability and power,
he was a man whose influence was widely
felt. Thousands of boys whom he has taught
remember him with feelings of love and admi-

ration. Said one not two weeks ago : "I
regard him as the greatest man in North
Carolina."

All who have studied under him, all who
have ever known him, let him go from their
midst with the greatest regret and with
hearts full of love.

Nor is our regret one whit less at losing
Mrs. Phillips. It is an inspiration to have
known such a woman. To all around her a
constant comfort and solace, she will carry a
blessing wherever she goes, while her beauti-
ful character will leave behind her a memory-
which long years will not dim.

To them both we wish happiness in their
new home. May God's blessing go with
them and be ever upon them.

[Since the above was put in type, the sad
news of Dr. Phillips's death has come to us.
He had stopped at Columbia, S. C, to visit
his daughter, and died there May loth. His
body was brought back to his old home for
burial.]

The College World.

Forty per cent, of the students at West
Point graduate. — Ex,

Kettleman, of Yale, recently broke the
record for the 100-yards dash, making it in
g%" seconds. — Ex.

The Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity is
about to publish a full biographical list of its
members, on a more elaborate plan than has
yet been adopted by any of the Greek Letter
societies.

The principal Northern colleges are busily
training for the intercollegiate games. Yale,
Harvard, Princeton and Columbia will win
most of the contests, though the University
of Pennsylvania and a few others may come
in for one or two of the prizes.

Over fifty Sophs fell on conies at Amherst,
so the Faculty made it elective. They
celebrated the emancipation with great joy.

A TEST is to be made of the cases at the
Ohio State University, where students were
expelled for not attending chapel. It is held,
under the Bill of Rights, that no State insti-
tution can compel attendance at any religious
exercises. — Occident.

Our students do not need to be compelled.

Mrs. E. W. Leavenworth has purchased
and presented to Syracuse University the
famous collection of 12.000 portraits which
the late Dr. Heinrich Wolff, of the Univer-
sity of Bonn, spent fifty years :md thousands
of dollars in collecting. — X. V. Evening
Post

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

235

Columbia has an amateur photographic
society, which recently had an exhibit of five
hundred photographs. — Ex.

How many can our amateurs display? They
have some, we know, of which they need
not be ashamed.

We gather from The Otvl, published at
the College of Ottawa, that a movement is
on foot to visit England during the coming
summer with an "All-Canada" Rugby foot-
ball team. Rather unseasonable time of year
for such a game.

The new Clark University, at Worcester,
.Mass., will be opened in October. Dr. G.
Stanley Hall is the President. There Will
be no undergraduate classes. The new Uni-
versity is said to have plenty of money. Ten
fellowships of $400 and ten of $200 each have
been established. Tuition fees are fixed at
$200. Nothing is easier than to start Univer-
sities and mushrooms. The Clark has plenty
of money and our best wishes.

College examinations are just now receiv-
ing a good deal of attention, in print as well
as in the annual way. The Nineteenth Cen-
tury for April contains a symposium on the
subject, in which many of the leading educa-
tors of this country express their opinions.
Their opinions differ very materially. Some
think that examinations are little better than
a farce, others that they furnish better drill
than can be had by any other means.

Mt. Holyoke (Mass.) Female College
seems to have entered upon an era of in-
creased prosperity. It has been chartered,
and Miss Mary A. Bingham, of Brooklyn,
has been elected the first President. Miss
Bingham is a graduate of Mt. Holyoke, and
accepts the offer on purely personal grounds.
" She has been urgently requested to accept
the presidency of Wellesley, professorships
in Smith and all the colleges in the country.''
— Boston Advertiser.

Ex-President F. A. P. Barnard, of Co-
lumbia College, died April 27th, in his eigh-
tieth year. He was graduated at Yale in
1828. In 1837 he became professor in the

University of Alabama, and a good part of
his long life was spent in the instruction of
Southern youth. In 1856 he was elected
President of the University of Mississippi.
From 1864 until a few months ago, he was
President of Columbia, a position which he
resigned when extreme old age came on.
Few men in the United States have wielded
a wider influence in educational affairs. Ex-
President Woolsey, now nearly ninety years
of age, is the only surviving ex-president
who was his elder.

Johns Hopkins University has 175
undergraduate students. It has, of course,
a large number in its graduate department.
With the exception of a very few institutions
in the North and West, the time seems to
have gone by when any one college can bring
into its classes the large numbers of former
days. Then the whole South had less than
a half-dozen institutions of note; now,
however, every State in the South hns at least
one, and in some instances two or three,
which furnish excellent training.

It is to be deplored that, for the sake of num-
bers, so many of these cling to the old-time no-
tion of attaching to themselves preparatory de-
partments. There are now excellent prepara-
tory schools ali over the South, and yet many
colleges and universities are doing what they
can, thoughtlessly no doubt, to hinder the suc-
cess of these preparatory schools on which their
own well-being so largely depends. Not
only that, but the colleges are even competing
with the public schools. We have in mind
at least two universities, so-called, which ad-
mil into their preparatory departments pupils
who belong in the lower grades of the pub-
lic schools, and one of them undertakes
to teach the Fourth Reader. This evil is
dangerously impairing the usefulness of col-
lege and school, in the proper sphere of each.
It is to be hoped that the authorities of such
institutions may be aroused to a sense of it
before matters grow even worse than they
now are.

A writer in the New York Evening Post

236

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

says of the lecture system: "It is prodi-
gally wasteful of time. The hour that the
professor occupies in reading his lecture, the
student spends in the mechanical labor of
'writing down the spoken words. Then he is
supp<»ed to spend another hour in reducing
the hastily scrawled and all but illegible notes
to a plainer and more enduring form. The
first hour the student has performed ihe work
of a stenographer, the second that of a book-
keeper, with the skill of neither. Whatever
its object may be, its practical result is the
getting the ideas of the professor before him
in an accurate and available form. Having
accomplished so much, he can proceed to
study and reflect upon the more abstruse
points of the address, and perhaps read a
few references. Judging from my own ex-
perience, this time is worse than wasted, it
has imposed needless and irksome work, en-
tirely foreign to the purpose of lecture-giv-
ing. One half-hour of study with the pro-
fessor's lecture before him in printed form,
would accomplish more for the student than
the two hours of scribbling.

"A second objection is the inaccuracy that
results. It is the business of a professor
to see to it that every student who comes
under his care shall have the matter he
wishes him to understand placed before him
with absolute and entire accuracy. Instead of
that, many a young fellow is set down as
stupid, because, indeed, he has not facility in
transcribing and reproducing the ideas so
admirably presented.

" I have a trunk full of note-books, con-
taining what I could catch of various sub-
jects. Instead of being weil-nigh invaluable,
they are well-nigh worthless. Fully one-
third was never set down, one-third is illegi-
ble, and the remaining portion is too incom-
plete to be of service. Printed, they would
be an enduring and helpful presence; as it is,
they are a brilliant memory.

" The custom is old.; it is not merely a
mediaeval one — it belongs with hieroglyphics,
cuneiform inscriptions and peiipatetics. It
is out of place in the age of the printing
press. It ought to go."

NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGES
AND SCHOOLS.

St. Mary's and Greensboro College have
adopted the cap and gown. We are informed
that all classes wear them — at night. — Ex.

Thomasville Female College has been
removed to High Point. — Ex. Very con-
venient for the Trinity boys.

Instead of a class cane the senior class of
Salem Female College adopts a class ring.
The present senior class has also adopted
cream and gold for its colors.

Salem Female College has more students
than at any time since the war. The authori-
ties found it necessary last term to build a
new dormitory, which is a very pretty
building.

There is no foundation for the item going
the rounds of the college press that the Van-
derbilts have purchased 1,000 acres of land in
North Carolina for the purpose of establish-
ing an Industrial school.

The Athletic Association of Davis School
held its sixth annual games April iiih and
1 2th. Some of the records made are very
good : 100 yards dash, won by A. F. Moses,
time 10A sec; throwing the ball, won by W.
A. Wynne, distance 116 yds., 1 ft., 10 in.;
440 yards dash, won by A. F. Moses, time
59 sec. ; one mile run, won by L. W. Estes,
time 5 min. iS^ sec.

Davis School is, we believe, the only insti-
tution in this State (except Bingham's) that
has the excellent custom of annual field sports.
They are enjoyable occasions; the cadets have
holiday both days, the parade-ground is filled
with visitors, medals aie awarded the victors,
and the boys are consequently stimulated in
athletics.

The first season of the North Carolina
Inter-collegiate Foot-ball Association has been
a most interesting one. The championship
has been hotly fought for, and is still unde-
cided. All the clubs will start next year on
the same footing, and the contest promises
to be hot and close again. In the meanwhile
the record made is: University 33, Wake

THE COLLEGE WORLD.

237

Forest o; Trinity 25, University 17; Wake
Forest 32, Trinity o. Total : University 50,
Wake Forest 32, Trinity 25.

Mr. J. F. Jones, manager of the foot-ball
team, informs us that he has received a let-
ter from the Greensboro Chamber of Com-
merce giving the assurance that grounds will
soon be enclosed in Greensboro, and that
they will probably be furnished free for our
games. This will be refreshing, after paying
such high prices at Raleigh. — Trinity
Archive.

Mr. Murphy, centre rush of our team,
wishes us to announce that it is a mistake, —
as the account has been given, — that he was
the cause of Bragaw's leg getting broken in
the game with Trinity. He was not in that
scrimmage, but went to help as soon as Bra-'
gaw cried out it was broken. It was done
by Trinity's tacklers. While it was a deplo-
rable accident, still Mr. Murphy does not
like for it to be thought that he was instru-
mental in breaking up one of our players,
even by accident.

The third, and last, championship game of
the North Carolina Inter-collegiate Foot-ball
Association was played in Raleigh, March
29th, between Trinity and Wake Forest.
Trinity's V made about fifteen yards at the
kick-off. Only one other time did Trinity
have possession of the ball _in Wake Forest's
territory. Trinity played with dogged de-
termination, but Wake Forest's training
enabled them to keep the ball moving nearly
all the time towards Trinity's goal. The
wind and downward slope of the hill were
with Wake Forest in this half. Wake Forest
opened the second half by dribbling the ball
and rushing in line diagonally across the field.
This rush succeeded a little better than Trin-
ity's V. Trinity fought harder in the second
half than in the first. Daniels, of Trinity,
was disqualified for unnecessary roughness a
few minutes before the time was out.

Score — Wake Forest, 32; Trinity, o.

Merritt made 3 touch-downs, Sikes 1, Dowd
I, Richardson 1, McDaniel 1, Riddick 1.

The players were:

Wake Forest. Trinity.

Burns Centre ..Dailey.

Sikes Right Guard Crowell.

Richardson Left Guard Hathcock.

Williamson . _ Right Tackier Roberts.

McDaniel Left Tackier Wolfe.

White Right End Watkins.

Oliver ..Left End Mitchell.

Merritt Quarter-back Durham, S.

Dowd_ R. Half-back Daniels.

Riddick L. Half-back. . . .Johnston.

Devin Ftdl-back Durham, R.

Williams was substituted for White in the
latter part of the first half.

Referee, H. G. Wood; Umpire, H. B.
Shaw, both of the University.

A game of base ball was played between
Bingham School and the University at Chapel
Hill, April 19. The University won by the
following score :

University.

POS.

A. B.

R.

B. H.

P. O.

E.

L.B.

Busbee

1. f.

6

2

2

I

I

Graham, G

r. f.

6

3

O

I

2

O

Eure

s. s.

6

2

I

I

I

O

Utley

c.

6

I

6

O

2

Ball

2b.

P'

6
6

1
2

I
I

3
4

O
O

2

Tohnston

I

Wood

3b.

6

3

2

2

O

O

Gilliam

c. f.

5

2

2

3

I

I

Williams

ib.

5

I

2

6

2

Totals

52

16

12

27

4

9

Double Plays — Ball and Utley, Johnston
and Williams.

Bases on balls— King, 2.
Struck out — King, 2.

Bingham School.

Brophy

Suggs

Oldham...

Green

Jones

Willins ...

King

Suggs, W.
Gilham

Totals . .

POS.

A. B.

R.

B. H.

P. 0.

E.

c.

4

O

O

2

I

ib.

4

O

I

18

3b.

4

O

2

1. 1.

4

O

O

2b.

4

O

O

1

c. 1.

4

O

O

1

I

p-

3

O

O

2

4

r. t.

3

O

O

O

s. s.

3

O

2

I

I

33

O

3

27

7

Double Plays — Oldham and Suggs.
Bases on balls — Johnston, 2.
Struck out — Johnston, 5.
Time of game, 2 hours; Umpires, Toms
and Johnston.

Exchanges.

In several of our exchanges we have read
of the great importance of the exchange de-
partment of college magazines. For our part
we cannot see it. It seems to us the least
important of all and frequently superfluous.
The University Magazine has not hesi-
tated to neglect it altogether when it would
have had to crowd out other things. A mag-
azine should contain what is interesting to its
subscribers, but as a rule only its exchanges
are inlerested in the exchange department,
and each particular one. only in the para-
graph that concerns itself. It is all very
pleasant to the ones concerned for the Smith
College Journal to compliment the Jones Col-
lege Monthly, and then the Jones College
Monthly to compliment the Smith College
Journal, but those who pay for the magazines
care nothing for this exchange of courtesy,
we think.

We assuie our exchanges, however, that
they are appreciated, and not only by the
editors of the Magazine, but by all the
students who choose to read them. They
are put in the general reading-room, and our
comment upon them is unnecessary when
each one can foim his own opinion. For
the benefit of our readers who cannot or who
do not use the reading-room, we have thought
it good to copy some of the best verses of
college papers, thus letting our exchanges in
a measure speak for themselves. But it dees
not follow from that fact that we do not
enjoy a great many more that appear in ihe
Record, the Varsity, the Courant, the Mis-
cellany, etc., elc. We do not think our
opinion of such importance as to fee! called
upon to say that the Viginia University
Magazine is perhaps our best exchange,
when many others who read them think it is
the V underbill Observer, or \hz Woke Forest
Student, or the Vassar Miscellany, or the
Texas University ; while if the lib rary
feature is not considered, but only what in-

terests general readers, all will unite in
placing the Yale Record first, and athletes
prefer the Columbia Spectator to all others.

In January the New England Inter-col-
legiace Press Association began the publica-
tion of a new style of college magazine, The
Collegian. Instead of being the representa-
tive of one college, its intention is to repre-
sent all, and to be the exponent of the best
undergraduate thought in the United States.
It is edited by Samuel Abbott. Williams, '87.
Each number contains editorials by the chief
editor, one leading article by an eminent
graduate, but all the rest t is by undergradu-
ates of various colleges; stories, essays,
poems, letters on various college topics, etc.
It gives full athletic reports. A good feature
is its foreign and domestic correspondence.

So the Collegian is designed to be interest-
ing not only to students but to alumni,. and
all who take an interest in education. It
occupies an unique position in journalism,
standing between the college and the world
at large, touching both, and, as it says, it
will be criticised on both sides. Some col-
lege papers have criticised it as being the
representative of New England colleges only.
If this is the case, it is the fault not of the
Collegian but of the other colleges. New
England colleges have been, so far, about the
only ones to support it. It is to their credit.
If they had been as indifferent to it as it
seems most of the other colleges are, the
Collegian could not have held out even this
long. But it is natural that it should re-
ceive the best encouragement at home, and
extend its patronage and usefulness from
there.

But it is time other colleges were coming
to its aid with contributions and with sub-
scriptions, too. The Collegian deserves well
at tlie hands vi undergraduates. It is pub-
lished piimaiily for them, and it is depen-
dent upon them for existence. We hope to

EXCHANGES.

239

see the University of North Carolina soon
represented in it, and that our students will
give a good support to this magazine of all
the colleges.

We welcome our new-made acquaintances,
the Tuftonian, the Chronicle — by no means
a dry one, — the Cornell Era, and the Bow-
doin Orient. The Tuf Ionian's "A Romance
of College Life " begins for us with chapter
V. This class of productions is rare in col,
lege papers, and should be encouraged. We
should like to read the first part of this novel.

A writer in the Orient is much exercised
over the negro question. It is an important
question, to be sure, but this writer does not
know what he is talking about. It is strange
that the greater a man's ignorance of a sub-
ject, the better he- feels competent to deal
with it. His article is interesting to a South-
erner only as it illustrates what preposterous
ideas even intelligent people in the North
may have of us. His object is to prove the
advisability of the Blair Bill. He seems to
think all the education the negro gets is paid
for by Northern philanthropists. He does
not know that the public school fund is dis-
tributed according to population, while the
tax the negro pays is nearly nothing. Hear
him grow eloquent over this people, whom
he has certainly never seen: " Nominally, he
is free. In reality, he is bound by fetters
more galling than those which slavery im-
posed upon him."

' ' For twenty- five years the cries of this
oppressed and down-trodden people have
rung in the ears of the North. For a quar-
ter of a century the black man has pleaded
for justice. He has suffered untold wrongs;
he has been beaten, scourged and maimed."

If the argument in favor of the Blair Bill
rests only upon such false premises as these,
it can never be proved.

But we will not anticipate the editor of
the South Carolina University Magazine, and
deprive him of the pleasure of answering this
statesman from M>aine.

It is in order now for some Texas editor to

write about the bull-dozing of workiftgmen
voters by New England manufacturers, or
for some California economist to explain the
cause of hard times among North Carolina
farmers; or perhaps our writer in the Orient
will tell us next time how long the American
Indian has been demanding justice of the
government, — and when he ever got it.

Not all the students at Bowdoin, though,
are cranks or enthusiasts, as the sensible arti-
cle, " Sowing Wild Oats," the editorials, etc.,
testify. In fact, we like the On'ent, and
Sophomores do no harm by blowing off occa-
sionally, — if only they quit it when they
cease being Sophomores. A desire to be
just to all will cause a fair-minded man to
inquire well and be sure of his facts before
he accuses great communities of people of
injustice and cruelty.

The Owl, besides its intrinsic literary
merits, is interesting to heretics as the repre-
sentative of a Roman Catholic college. A
poem in the May number shows the position
the Virgin occupies in their religion to-day,
and for the benefit of many of our readers
we give it.

REGINA CCELI, ORA PRO NOBIS DEUM.
Exalted is the Mother
Of Him who rules the earth and sea and sky;

God has not made another
With heart as humble to be raised so high.

Above the angels reigning,
The spotless maid who gave the Savior birth

Looks down with pity, deigning
To supplicate for those she leaves on earth.

Her gentle heart unchanging
Forgets not those for whom her Son has died,

Though, all around her ranging,
The angels sing her triumphs as they glide.

Brighter than fabled fairy,
More glorious than the stars or moon or sun,

Shines the resplendent Mary,
From whom the ransom of the world begun.

240

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Her glory now unending
Is the reflection of God's wondrous light;

Her purity unbending
Has raised the lowly to this God-like height.

And, as the angels wreathe her
With garlands gathered from the Tree of Life,

She gazes far beneath her
On mortals still with sin and hell in strife.

O sinless, spotless Maiden,
Hear as we call to thee with feeble breath;

O Queen, with mercy laden.
Pray for us sinners in the hour of death.

Book Reviews.

A Discussion of Some of the Trials and
Judicial Proceedings Mentioned in
the New Testament. By Kemp P.
Battle, LL. D., President of the Univer-
sity of North Carolina. New York : Wil-
bur R. Ketcham.

This lecture was efriginally delivered be-
fore the American Institute of Christian Phil-
osophy, July 3d, 188S, and a portion of it
was given in Gerrard Hall last fall as one of
the regular monthly lectures. Those who
were so fortunate as to hear Dr. Battle de-
liver it will be glad to know that they can get
this essay in durable form.

The contents are : The Judicial Murder
of John the Baptist ; Jesus before Pilate ;
Persecutions of Christians ; Paul before
Agrippa ; Paul before Gallio ; Paul at Athens.

" It must be continually kept in mind that
the sacred writers were not acquainted with
legal forms, nor were they practised literary
men. They were dominated by one control-
ling idea. They cared not to explain points
of history or theories of science or philosophy.
Apparent inconsistencies were nothing to
them."

This article explains away what may seem
inconsistencies. It brings to bear upon the
trials a thorough knowledge of the times and
of the peoples, and shows that the early Chris-
tians were in reality tried according to law.
By not knowing the intricate history of those

limes, we have wrong ideas of many things
in the New Testament, and much is inexpli-
cable. This essay shows that the secular
history minutely harmonizes with the sacred
narrative, and throws valuable light upon
the trials, especially the killing of John the
Baptist, and Paul before Gallio and at
Athens.

Physiological Notes on Primary Edu-
cation and the Study of Language.
By Mary Putnam Jacobi, M. D New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1889.

The contents are :

I and II. An Experiment in Primary Edu-
cation. It is the history of the growth of a
child's mind from four to six and a half years
old under the personal care of the author,
and taught by natural, scientific methods.

III. The Flower or the Leaf. This is a
discussion of whether in teaching children
botany they should begin with the flower or
with the leaf. This is considered at length
for the principles involved.

IV. The Place for the Study of Language
in a Curriculum of Education. Half the
book is devoted to this important question.

All teachers, and especially those who ex-
pect to teach but have as yet no experience,
will do well to study this book. If they do
not agree with all the author's theories, —
a nd they will with most of them, for they

PERSONALS.

241

have been proved by experience, — they will
find the book valuable for its suggestiveness.

The Ideals of the Republic, or Great
Works from Great Americans. New
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
This is one of the handsome Knicker-
bocker Nuggets series, and contains the Dec-
laration of Independence, the Constitution.
of the United States, Washington's First and
Second Inaugural Addresses and Farewell
Address, Lincoln's First and Second Inaug-

ural Addresses and Gettysburg Address, an
Appendix, and an Index to the Constitution.
Washington's Farewell Address is printed
from his original autograph MS., with his
revisions and alterations. It shows the process
by which that paper was wrought into the form
in which it was given to the public. There
are portraits of Washington and Lincoln.
It is printed in large type on good, thick paper,
uncut leaves, and presents an attractive ap-
pearance.

Alumni and Other Personals.

'80. — Albert Lucien Coble, who was In-
structor here in '80, is a lawyer at Statesville.

'81. — C. D. Mclver, together with E. A.
Alderman, '82, has been chosen to take con-
trol of the entire system of Normal Institutes
for the State. It is a significant fact that
our University graduates are holding the first
places in the State in the conduct of great
educational movements.

— J. Y. Joyner, though doing well as a
lawyer at Goldsboro, has become superinten-
dent of the graded school there in the place
of E. A. Alderman, promoted as above men-
tioned.

'84.-- -The marriage of W. T. Dortch, '84
through Junior year, to Miss Lizzie, daugh-
ter of General Gaston Lewis, took place
on the 8th of May.

'85. — The Chicago University has confer-
red the degree of Ph. D. on Prof. John U.
Newman, of Graham College. Dr. Newman
is a literary genius and a close student. He
has won the distinction by completing a post-
graduate course and he merits his honors.
We congratulate him. — Christian Sun.

— James A. Bryan is taking a theological
course at Princeton.

'86. — The Washington correspondent of
the Durham Plant, in congratulating the

News and Observer upon securing the ser-
vices of C. T. Grandy, says of him : " He
is a young gentleman with first-rate newspa-
per ability, energetic, conservative and relia-
ble. He stands deservedly high here among
leading members of the profession, and I am
glad that his services have received merited
recognition from one of the most prominent
journals in our own commonwealth. I pre-
dict for him a successful career, and I hope
his welcome to your section will be as cordial
as he deserves it should be."

— N. Tyndall Cobb, who was mentioned
in a former issue as a telegraph operator, has
long since been promoted, and is now chief
clerk in the office of Engineer of Maintenance
of Way of the W. N. C. R. R., at Asheville.
He intends becoming a civil engineer.

?86. — Herbert W. Jackson has left the
office of the State Treasurer to be Secretary
and Treasurer of the Wetmore Shoe Co., of
Raleigh — a more important position.

— Sam Jackson has a good school in Pitts-
boro, Chatham county.

'87. — Baker and Bourne are reading law
at Tarboro, we hear.

— Jos. A. Morris was fifteen points ahead
of his nearest competitor in a recent examina-
tion in Physiology, Hygiene and Chemistry
at the Vanderbilt Medical' College.

242

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

'88. — Eskridge is located at Mountain
City, Tenn. He writes in a manner that
shows affection for the University, and ac-
companies it with substantial proof — one dol-
lar for the Magazine.

— Erwin, with 'SS through Soph, year, got
his law license in February. We understand
he has become a great dancer and " masher."
This will strike those who knew him here as
being a little funny.

— O. C. Odell, with '88 through Soph, year,
is a physician at Mabinton, S. C.

— Geo. C. Holland {"Ante-bellum,"') etc.,
is also a physician, practising with his father
at Dallas.

— Matt. R. Peterson, here in '84, grad-
uates this year at West Point.

— J. J. Hooker, '86, Law Department,
has a law office at Webster, Jackson county.

— Jas. W. Forbis, '77-'7g, is candidate for
Mayor of Greensboro.

— We note that Alston Grimes, here in '83,
has been appointed on the Governor's staff
with the rank of Colonel.

—Rich. C. Floyd, '8i-'S3, is President of
the great Scotch-Irish Association, to meet at
Columbia, Tenn.

— R. S. Woodson, '85— '87, has won the
Founder's Medal, as well as the medal on
the practice of medicine, at the Vanderbilt
Medical School. He is now practising at
Day's Gap, Ala.

— It was Wade Hampton Atkinson ('84-
'86) who has become a medical practitioner,
instead of John W., as stated in a former
number.

— Rufus II. Jones, '43, A. D. Jones, here
in '78, and W. N. Mebane, '60, met here
late in April to act as judges in awarding
medals in the Di. Society.

— M. C. S. Noble, with '80 through Soph,
year, was one of a committee to award medals
in the Phi. Society. The other members
were Professors Winston and Manning.

^-President Battle addressed the students
of Trinity College on the Sth of May on the
History of the N. C. Constitution.

He has received letters from the English
historian, E. A. Freeman, from W. T. Ar-
nold, author of Arnold's Provincial Admin-
istration, and from other critics of world-
wide reputation, in commendation of his lec-
ture before the Society of Christian Knowl-
edge. This lecture on Trials and Judicial
Proceedings in the New Testament has ap-
peared in Christian Thought, edited by Chas.
F. Deems, D. D., and is attracting attention
in this country and abroad.

— Doctor Venable, with his family, landed
safely at Hamburg early in May. They went
at once to Berlin, where they will spend the
summer. Professor Gore and his wife will
join them there in June.

— Rev. Dr. Williams, pastor of a Baptist
church, Baltimore, and his wife have been
visiting their daughter, Mrs. Gore. The
Doctor is a genial, godly man, and his visits
here are always appreciated.

— The editor of this department had the
pleasure of grasping the handsof VV.E. Borden,
"Tub" Battle and "Wink" Williams, at
Wilmington. The two first mentioned are
employed in the offices of the Atlantic Coast
Line. The last is in a down-town store.
" Tub " stated solemnly that he had gone to
work.

Resolutions passed by the Faculty of
the University, April 26th, 1889:

Whereas, the Rev. Charles Phillips, D.D.
LL. D., Professor Emeritus of Mathematics
in the University of North Carolina, is about
to change his residence to Birmingham Ala.,
after having been for half a century con-
nected with this University as student or
teacher;

The Faculty of the University desire to
record their grateful appreciation of his long,
faithful, and brilliant labors as a professor,
his zealous and effective work as a teacher
of morality and preacher of the Gospel, and
his far-reaching influence in behalf of educa-
tion generally, and especially in this institu-
tion.

They desire also to express their warm per-
sonal regard and esteem for Dr. Phillips as
a man and a friend, and their sincere wishes
for happiness and prosperity in his new home.

University Record.

Programme of the Centennial Celebra-
tion of the Incorporation of the
University.

Wednesday, June 5, 1889.

11 a. m. — Alumni address in Memorial
Hall, by Hon. M. W. Ransom.

12 a. m. — Meeting of the Alumni Associa-
tion in Memorial Hall.

2 p. m. — Alumni and Trustee dinner in
Gerrard Hall, with talks and speeches. The
members of each class will sit together.

8 p. m. — Special memorial exercises in
Memorial Hall; roll-call of Alumni by classes;
short speeches by representatives of each
class; special exercises by the classes of 1868,
1879 and others.

The class of 1868, the last to graduate
under the old University, and the class of
1879, the first to graduate under the new
University, have requested time for special
exercises. This privilege may be granted
other classes for special reasons.

It is expected that Hon. R. Barringer,
Senator Z. B. Vance, Hon. W. L. Steele,
and other eminent alumni, will speak, repre-
senting their classes on this occasion.
Thursday, June 6.

8 p. m. — Social reunion of the Alumni,
Faculty and Trustees in the University Li-
brary.

The above is the programme of special ex-
ercises connected with the Centennial cele-
bration. The baccalaureate sermon will be
preached on Sunday, June 2, by Bishop Dun-
can, of South Carolina. The Seniors will
have their class-day celebration on Tuesday;
and the Representative speaking will take
place Tuesday afternoon. Tuesday night
the Societies are to hold reunions, with inter-
esting exercises. The usual programme of
Commencement Day will be carried out on
Thursday.

Railway Tickets. — Those who attend
the Centennial celebration should be careful

to obtain a certificate from the ticket agent at
the station where they purchase tickets. Such
certificates will enable them to buy re! urn
tickets at one-third rates. This applies to all
railroads in the South. But it is absolutely
necessary that certificates be secured.

The Centennial Catalogue will, it is
hoped, be issued near the end of May.
Copies can be had from the Bursar, Major
W.T. Patterson, at fifty cents each; or he will
mail them to any address, postage paid, at
that price. This will hardly cover the cost
of publication and postage, even if the whole
edition should be sold.

The contents include: Historical Sketches
of the University, by President Battle; a List
of Officers and Trustees, 1789-1889, with the
counties from which they were appointed,
etc.; a List of the Faculty, including Tutors,
from the beginning; an Alphabetical Cata-
logue of Students, 1795-1889, prepared by
Mrs. C. P. Spencer, with addresses, dates,
degrees, occupations, etc. ; the Honorary De.
grees conferred by the University.

The Catalogue will contain over two hun-
dred pages, with twelve full-page illustra-
tions, — nine views of the buildings, and:
three interior views of the Society halls and,
the Library.

Bishop W.W. Duncan, of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, South, will preach the
baccalaureate sermon this year. It will be
on Sunday, June 2d.

The company of the Boys of Bingham was
enjoyed on April 19th and 20th. Hope they
will come again when we are in as good trim.

An additional chandelier has been ordered;
to supplement the lighting arrangement of
Memorial Hall.

A beautiful little chapter house has just
been erected for the use of the members of
the Zeta Psi Fraternity. Situated on the west
side of the campus, and facing it, on land
bought from Mrs. Guthrie, it is both retired

244

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

and showy, and in color it agrees well with
the surrounding verdure.

Student (in reading-room): " Wilkes'
these chairs are covered with dust."

Wilkes: " Yessir, boss; nobody has set on
'em this mornin'."

(This might have occurred in any one of
the recitation rooms.)

Workhard (picking up ore) : "I know
what this rock has in it. It's brass, mixed
with iron."

Brasswell (been there): "O come, now!"

Workhard (very proud of Virginia): "Yes,
it is! I've been to a brass mine in the West-
ern part of Virginia."

I Thought of You.

A RONDEL.
A wood-thrush piped— I thought of you!
The brook sang low a happy note,
I almost thought myself afloat
On bending skies of tender blue.

A whispering wind, the forest through,
Played softly with its greening coat;
A wood-thrush piped — I thought of you!
Where brooks sing low a happy note.

A thousand fancies dimmed the view,
The sunbeams danced with wing and mote,
And brooks sang low a happy note.
Hiding where moss and lichens grew
A wood-thrush piped — I thought of you!
H. L. H.

Medals. — The medallists in the Phi So-
ciety are as follows:

Debater's: Plato Collins, Kinston, N. C.

Declaimer's: M. W. Ball, Greensboro,
N. C. , .

Essayist's : Logan D. Howell, Goldsboro,
N. C.

In the Di Society they were awarded as
follows :

Debater's: Chas. A.Webb, Warren county.

Declaimer's : Robt. W. Bingham, Bing-
ham School.

Essayist's: Chas. A. Webb, Warren county.

Society Representatives. — The follow-
ing gentlemen have been selected as Repre-
sentatives .

From the Di Society: Edgar L >ve, Gas-
tonia; G. H. Crowell, Bilesville; W. W.
Davies, Drapersville, Va.

From the Phi Society: F. H. Batchelor,
Raleigh; H. A. Gilliam, Tarboro; F. A.
Green, Durham.

The Inaugural Centennial. — The 30th
of April being a national holrday, was ob-
served by the University. At 9 o'clock in the
forenoon a thanksgiving and praise service
was held in the chapel, followed by an ad-
dress of about half an hour by W. J. Peele,
Esq., of '79. This address was a thoughtful,
carefully prepared discussion of the develop-
ment of Constitutional Liberty, under three
heads: What it was when Washington took
charge, what he did with it, and what has
been done with it since his lime. His conclu-
sions were original and interesting, showing
the past and present relation between the State
and National Government. Orators on such
occasions will do well to adopt the style of
address used by Mr. Peele, rather than the
prevailing American oratory.

The exercises closed with an exhortation by
Rev. Dr. Williams, of Baltimore, to preserve
the everlasting foundation of all liberty —
the Bible — from the attacks of infidelity and
scepticism.

Shakspere Club. — March 19th, 18S9. —
Subject: Hamlet, " the Tragedy of Thought."

Mr. John S. Hill: Ophelia. In treating
of her, one must not lose his balance. She
must be subordinate. She is rather unintel-
lectual and commonplace, if fair, and cannot
appreciate Hamlet's motives. Hamlet per-
ceives this, and is in despair. We must not
be captivated through simple pity.

Mr. Hayne Davis: Shakspere's favorite
character. Who is he ? Mr. Davis concludes
that we must find him in a play written in
the fulness of his manhood and near the
middle of the period (1594-1616), and not in
a comedy but in a play which Shakspere him-
self thought his best. Julius Caesar is ex-

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

245

eluded, for he dies early in the play. Hamlet,
then, is the play. By a course of ingenious
argument he fixes upon Horatio as the favor-
ite character of Shakspere. An original
paper and much appreciated.

Mr. O. D. Batchelor: Was Hamlet mad ?
Interest chiefly in Hamlet. With a purpose
in view, he feigns madness. Note his perfect
sanity in dealing with Horatio and in the
presentation of the play before the King.
He loved Ophelia but could not trust her
with his secret. In acting, he overacts — but
the reality breaks out at the grave of Ophelia.
He stands throughout between conscience
and interest — a wretched plight! In the last
scene, he throws aside his mask forever, and
his sanity is beyond a doubt.

Professor Toy read a charming translation
of a criticism by the German poet Heine, on
Ophelia.

The President stated several facts that had
Hot been brought out, and the Club adjourned.

April 16th, 1889.

The Club assembled for the continuation
of the discussion of Hamlet.

The paper on Shakspere's contemporaries
was read by Mr. W. J. Battle on the special
subject of Marlowe's Doctor Faustus, giving
a synopsis and criticism of the play, with a
discussion of actors and chief points of inter-
est. Mephistopheles and Faustus. Origin
of Faust legend. The whole drama a little
more than mediocre.

Mr. D. J. Currie: Hamlet's madness, a
mystery never to be solved. Mr. Currie took
a middle ground and attempted to show that
while he was at some times clearly sane, he
was at others as clearly insane.

Mr. Alex. Stronach: Shakspere in his plays.
He conceals his personality so that it is diffi-
cult to find him. In his Sonnets, written
about this time, however, he may be detected
as a character which will be suggested by the
character of Hamlet

Dr. Hume: A comparison of the quarto
editions of 1603 and 1604. They are quite
different — the first representing the first draft
in the poet's mind; the second the mature
thought of a great genius.

Mr. Hunter L. Harris: Euphuism in Ham-
let. The rise of Euphuism from John Lyly's
writings in 1580 and later. The style charac-
terized by high-sounding phrases, far-fetched
figures, and peculiarly balanced sentences.
Shakspere's satirization, especially in Ham-
let, of this affected style. Note the scene
between Hamlet and young Osric.

Mr. T. M. Lee rendered the famous solilo-
quy of Hamlet, with some original interlocu- '
tions and reflections, the performance being
much enjoyed.

Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. —

Forty-fourth meeting, April 2d, 1889.

Professor Holmes presided in the absence
the Vice-President, Professor Graves.

The papers presented were as follows:

A primitive reaping machine which Palla-
dius, a Roman writer on agriculture, describes
as in use among the ancient Gauls; by Pro-
fessor Alexander.

The waste and consumption of the world's
natural resources; by Professor Venable.
This paper called attention to the rapid
consumption of the available supply of coal
and petroleum, and the various metallic sub-
stances, and to large waste of energy and
mateiial in this consumption.

The third paper was one by Professor
Holmes on the uses of the microscope in
geology and mineralogy, in which were de-
scribed several forms of microscopes, and
particularly the one recently manufactured
for the University by the Bausch & Tomb
Optical Co., of Rochester.

The North Carolina Historical Society
met Friday night, April 16th. President
Battle gave an abstract of his History of the
Supreme Court in North Carolina since the
founding of the State.

Our readers will be glad to know that offi-
cial publication is to be made of this address
in full as it was delivered at Raleigh. It is
accurate, interesting and of very great value
as a contribution to North Carolina History.

A. M. Huger, Esq., of Macon, Ga., present-
ed to the Society a list of the original Indian
names of mountains, streams and towns in the
Western part of the State, — the result of

246

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

iome years of careful investigation among
the Indians of that section.

The work of the Society is attracting con-
siderable attention outside of our own State.

Seminary of Literature and Philology.

— At the meeting held March 26th, the regu-
lar subject, The Supernatural in Literature,
was waived, and Professor Alexander read an
unwritten translation of the 6th and part of
the 7th books of the Odyssey of Homer.

The meeting for the discussion of Epic
Poetry was held May 2d.

Mr. J. W. Graham read a paper on Vir-
gil's Treatment of Nature in the /Eneid.
Virgil may be ranked among the great poets
of nature, and, indeed, his genius wasjiitted
rather to sing of birds, bees, cattle, woods,
streams and mountains, than of battles arid
sieges. Like other ancient poetry, Virgil
makes man a part of nature, and does not
lift nature to the moral and spiritual level of
man. This power belongs to the moderns,
to Burns. Shakspere and Wordsworth.

Mr. Logan D. Howell discussed Virgil's
Characterizaiion of Women. His portraits
of women are superior to his portraits of
men. This is due to his fine sympathy and
delicate sensibilities, being himself womanly.
He combines the best characteristics of the
Pagan and Christian writers, and may be
called the golden link that binds classic to
modern literature. Juno is a model of female
hate, jealousy, pride, revenge and inflexible
deteimination. Venus is a perfect specimen
of the beautiful, tender, irresistible woman;
full of weakness, sentiment, coquetry. Dido
may take rank Reside any literary queen.
Virgil shows great dramatic power.

Dr. Hume read a scholaily paper on the
Christian Epic. Milton is the foremost artist
of the world in diction, and his standard is
that of all true poetiy.

Mr. C. A. Webb read and discussed some
of the striking passages in Homer, Virgil
and Milton, showing a resemblance which
is most striking in the similes.

Mr. J. S. Taylor d.scussed the Insanity of

Dido, tracing the workings of her mind and
heart from the first interview with .33neas
until her tragic suicide. Virgil's character-
ization of insanity may well stand comparison
with that of Shakspere or of Goethe.

This meeting closes the work of the Sem-
inary for the year. The work of the year
has shown that many of our students possess
fine literary talent and are capable of original
and scholarly work.

As officers for the next year the Seminary
chose Dr. E. Alexander, President, and
Prof. W. D. Toy, Vice-President. The Sec-
retary and other student officers will be
elected at the opening of the next session.

Hall of the Dialectic Society,

University of N. C.,
Chapel Hill, N. C, May 14, 1889.

Whereas, We, the members of the
Dialectic Society, have heard with pro-
found sorrow the intelligence of the death of
our beloved and venerable fellow-member.
Rev. Charles Phillips, D. D., LL. D., who
from early youth, with the exception of a few
years, has been connected with the Univer-
sity, either as a student or professor, and a
loyal member of our Society; therefore, be it

Resolved: 1st. That in him we have had a
faithful guide and safe adviser, whose coun-
sels were always freely t^iven and were always
helpful to us.

2d. That while we bow in submission to
the supreme wisdom of God in transferring this
brilliant light from the sufferings and sorrows
of earth to the glories of the celestial home, we
sensibly feel the great loss we have sustained
in his death.

2d. That in his diath, the higher educa-
tion of our Commonwealth has sustained a
loss that cannot be repaired.

4t/i, That we extend our heartfelt sympa-
thies to the bereaved family in this the time
of their sore aflliciion.

$th. That these resolutions bespread upon
the minutes of the Society; that the Dialectic
Hall be draped in mourning for thirty days;
that a copy of these resolutions be sent to
the bereaved family, also a copy to the Uni-

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

247

versity Magazine, the N. C. Presbyterian,
News and Observer, and State Chronicle,
with a request to publish.

W. F. Shaffner,
Chas. A. Webb,
J. W. Graham,

Committee .

The Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion. — Though more than a month has passed
since the return of the delegates from the State
convention at Wilmington, we feel safe in
saying that the thoughts of each one recur
daily to some feature of this great gathering,
or some gentle courtesy shown by the Wil-
mingtonians. It is a fact that the more men
there are to go to such conventions or meet-
ings the more the home work prospers. We
wish half of our members could find a way to
go to that world's gathering at Northfield in
July. As it is, eight or ten have made ar-
rangements to go. Many of these will meet
and go together by steamer from Wilmington.
A jolly party, surely! Fifty dollars will
cover all expenses.

Our University Association ought to have,
and must have, a building exclusively for the
manifold uses of the Young Men's Christian
Association. Already four hundred dollars
have been contributed, and that without ask-
ing for it. If we, students and Faculty,
cannot make up among ourselves twenty-five
hundred dollars, we should be ashamed of
our lack of interest in the cause of causes.
If the Trustees of this University and the
people of the State at large cannot swell this
sum to ten thousand dollars, we are greatly
deceived. And this is a fountain-head from
which must come a large proportion of the
supporters of the Young Men's Christian
Association idea in this State.

The officers for the next session are as fol-
lows:

George C. Worth, President.

Lacy L. Little, Vice-President.

W. E. Rollins, Recording Secretary.

Jas. J. Philips, Corresponding Secretary.

J. V. Lewis, Treasurer.

Let every man in the organization be an
integer and all will be well.

Take, as the motto of your organization,
verses 22 to 26 of the second chapter of Paul's
Second Letter to Timothy, and your cause
will nourish as watered by the Eternal.

The Student Volunteer Movement for
Foreign Missions. — This movement started
x n the summer of '86. About three hundred
college students were gathered at Mt. Her-
mon for a few weeks' Bible study under the
direction of Mr. Moody. One hundred of
them pledged themselves as " willing and
desirous, God permitting, to be foreign mis-
sionaries." As the result of this, Messrs.
Robert P. Wilder and John N. Forman, dur-
ing the collegiate year '86-'87, visited 162
institutions, and 2,200 college students signed
the volunteers' pledge. Since then the num-
ber has increased to about 3,300, 600 of
whom are young women.

Mr. Wilder visited the University in the
early part of February. Five of the students
signed the pledge. As the result of Mr.
J. R. Mott's visit to Trinity, three students
there volunteered, and seven at Wake Forest.

The work was thoroughly otganized at the
State Convention in Wilmington, by appoint-
ing George C. Worth, of the University, the
general director of the work in North Caro-
lina, under the name of "Corresponding
Member of the Central Executive Commit-
tee." Arrangements were made by which as
many of the State schools and colleges as
possible should be visited by volunteers for
the express purpose of getting others.

Besides the University, eight institutions
were visited: Davidson, Trinity and Charlotte
Female Institute, by Geo. S. Wills, of the
University; Greensboro Female College by
Wills and W. B. Lee, of Trinity; and Wake
Forest, Bingham School, Oak Ridge Insti-
tute and Guilford College, by Worth and
Lee together. Thirty students volunteered
as the direct result of these visits. Others
have since decided, making the total number
of student volunteers in North Carolina
forty-eight, distributed as follows: David-
son, 8; Charlotte Female Institute, 3; Trinity,
3; Oak Ridge Institute, 1; Guilford College,
9; Greensboro Female College, 3; Bingham

248

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

School, 2; University, 8; Wake Forest, 9;
miscellaneous, 2. Of this number, fifteen
are young women.

It is expected that during the next colle-
giate year every college and high school in
the State will be visited.

The Sixth Annual Session of the North
Carolina Teachers' Assembly will be held in
the Teachers' Assembly Building, at More-
head City, N. C, June 18th to July 2d, 1889,

and Hon. Z. B. Vance is expected to deliver
the opening address. The Atlantic Hotel
will furnish board to all members of the
Assembly at only $1 per day during the session.
Have you a few hours or a few days spare
time occasionally that you would like to turn
into money? If so, then write quickly to
B. F. Johnson & Co., of Richmond, Va.,
and they will give you information that will
prove to be money in your pocket.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Attend this Business College During
Summer.

There will be a Special Session of the Com-
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For particulars address its President.

Wilbur R. Smith, Lexington, Ky,

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ADVERTISEMENTS.

MARVELOUS

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great Psychologist, J. M. Imtklty, K. D., Edi-
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the Scientist, lions. Judge Gibson, Judah P.
Benjamin, and others, sent post free by

Prof. A. LOISETTE,
237 Fifth Ave., New York

ACADEMICAL
GOWNS.

Correct styles and materials for University and
College use.

These Gowns add grace and fulness to speaker's
form, and arc universally worn.

Prices, 915 to $'£5, according to material. Spe-
cial prices for large numbers to classes. For measure-
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IS g^r ■■ • ■ _ ■ , J.-J— = — ■ - --- -■ -,- i j.

UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE

At the low combination rate of $3.40 for both. Send your
order now. Subscriptions may begin at any time.

Address, W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,

Lock Box 64.

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE,

Published under the auspices of The Philanthropic- and Dialectic Societies of
The University of North Carolina.

Prospectus for 1888-89.

The MAGAZINE has six departments, each conducted by a student
selected with a view to his qualifications for the work in hand.

THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT is mainly intended to exhibit
the character of the work done in the Societies, to encourage literary
efforts an\T co-operate with the chains in [he University in developing
a critical appreciation of the masters of the language. It is a vehicle
of communication between the Alumni of the Institution, a repository
of interesting bits of history, important results- in scientific'investiga-
tion and discussion'of leading questions in general.

THE COLLEGE RECORD will chronicle the events of college
life.* Tihe proceedings of the Mitchell Scientific Society, tjbe Histor-
ical ^ociety, the work of the Shakespeare Club,, the Y. M,iC. A., the
Temperance Rand, and the other organizations, social and literary,
which find a footing in the University, will be given in detail.

THE PERSONAL DEPARTMENT will tell what "Chapel Hill-
ians " are doing here and elsewhere, and give expression to whatever
of wit the funny editor may possess.

THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT will give the opinions of a
student on the current periodicals, latest books, &c, together with
such items as may be of interest to those living in the college world.

Sketches of distinguished North Carolinians, Notes of Travel, Essays
by members of- the Faculty, Original poems and other papers are
being prepared for subsequent issues. Our popular Senator, HON,
Z. B. VANCE, will contribute a very interesting article to the M
ZINE during the year.

The MXGA^INE is warmly endorsed by hading men of the SMI
has bona fide subscribers all over the country, and a growing
ing patronage. Ifc»appeals for support to all the Alumni of the I
versity, to lovers of education everywhere, and especially to those im-
bued with the spirit oj progress that now pervades our Iunl.

Subscribe and persuade your friends to subscribe.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

One copy one year $ i oo

One copy six months 75

Six copies one year 5 00

Business men will find the MajGA&INE a good advertising medium.

^3=rs>xsr 1-012 eates.

1 Idress, •

W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager, -

CH-ft.r'EL rZXT-L. 1

— T

I

Subscriptioiv $ I -OO.i

1389.

Single Copies 20 cents.

Old Series, Vol. XXI. No. 6. New Series, Vol. VIII.

]TOKTH CAROLINA

u$m\u

PUBLISHED SIX TIMES A YEAR UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE

DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC S8G1ET1ES,

CHAPEL HILL, N. C.

DI.

EDITORS =

WM. JAS. BATTLE,

WALTER M. HAMMOND.

PHI.

HUNTER L. HARRIS,

LOGAN D. HOWELL

CONTENTS :

PAGE.

Thomas Lanier Clingman... John D. Cameron 249

A Winter's Tale A. A. F. Seawell, Jr. 257

The Triumph of the Just . R. L. Uzzell 262

An Inquiry 263

Old Times in Chapel Hill, No. XV: Our Physicians Mrs. C. P. Spencer 266

v Biographical Sketches of the Confederate Dead S. B. Weeks 271

Editor's Table: — The Centennial Commencement;- Too Many Orations; Valedictory 275

University Record: — Baccalaureate Sermon; Class Day; Representative Speaking;
Society Reunions; The Centennial Celebration; Alumni and Delegates Present; Com-
mencement Day; Honor Roll and Honor Grades; Prizes, Medals and Certifica'es;
♦Graduates and Honors of '8q; Honorary Degrees; Reception and Ball- 276

EDWARDS & BROUGHTON. PRINTERS ANO BINDERS. RALEIQH

UNIYERS1TY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

FJ±CTJJL*T~ST.

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. D., President,

Professor of Political Economy, Constitutional and International Law.

Rev. CHARLES PHILLIPS. D. D., LL. D„
Professor Emeritus of Mathematics.

Rev. ADOLPHUS W. MANGUM, A. M., D. D.,

Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy.

RALPH HENRY GRAVES, B. Sc, C. and M. E..

Professor of Mathematics.

GEORGE TAYLOE WINSTON,
Professor of the Latin Language and Literature.

FRANCIS PRESTON VENABLE, Pa. D., F. C. S.,

Professor of General and Analytical Chemistry.

JOSEPH AUSTIN HOLMES, B. Agr.,
Professor of Geology and Natural History.

JOSHUA WALKER GORE, C. E.,

Professor of Natural Philosophy and Engineering.

. Hon. JOHN MANNING, A. M., LL. D..

Professor of Law.

Rev. THpMAS HUME, Jr., M. A., D. D.,
Professor of the English Language and Literature.

WALTER D. TOY, M. A.,

Professor of Modern Languages.

EBEN ALEXANDER, Ph. D.,

Professor of the Greek Language and Literature.

JAMES LEE LOVE, Ph. B.,

Associate Professor of Mathematics.

T. L. MOORE, i , .,

S. C. BRAGAW, \ Llbrarians -

Professor GORE, Registrar.

Professor LOVE. Secretary.

W. T. PATTERSON. Bursar.

Instruction is offered in three regular courses of study. Special ami optional courses are
provided in Mineralogy, Chemistry and other sciences relating to Agriculture. School
of Law fully organized. The sessions begin the first Thursday in September and end the
first Thursday in June, with a vacation of about one week at Christmas.

For catalogues or other information, address

Hon. KEMP P. BATTLE, LL. ])., President,

(II VPEl llll I . N. I

THE

Qniversity Magazine.

1889.

Old Series, Vol XXI CHAPEL HILL, N. C. No. 6.

New Series, Vol VIII. '

EDITORS:
DI. # PHI.

Wm. Jas. Battle, Hunter L. Harris,

Walter M. Hammond. Logan D. Howell.

THOMAS LANIER CLINGMAN.

" By their fruits ye shall know them ;" by the efficiency of human
effort is shown the thoroughness of preparation for the work that has
been, or is to be accomplished ; by the usefulness of educational training
is demonstrated the fitness of institutions for the responsibilities they
have assumed. When great natural gifts are enhanced by the addition
of large and useful learning, and adorned with the graces of broad and
thorough culture, the natural question presents itself, "At what insti-
tution of learning were these acquirements attained ? " for we assume
that effective self-culture is rare, and the efforts of untrained genius
to reach excellence are so infrequent as to be dismissed from considera-
tion in the question my question suggested, a phenomenon as dazzling
as it is exceptional. There must be some fountain-head to which*
knowledge must be traced ; some authoritative influence by which
effort has been directed.

In our own State, one great source, one perennial stream, forever
flowing from the rock touched by the wise forethought and generous
and considerate patriotism of our forefathers, preparing, amid their
own privations and sufferings, amid their toils and struggles for liberty,

250 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

amidst discord at home, and against the pressure of the enemy from
without, for the highest education of coming generations, wisely con-
scious that learning was indispensable, was the essential of free, stable,
peaceful government, especially of the one they were engaged in
forming or securing, the foundations of which were to be laid on virtue
and intelligence, and to be permanently and prosperously sustained
by close adherence to those vital prerequisites.

The reward of wise foresight and marvellous abstraction from the
cares of war to the consideration of the conditions of a future time of
peaceful pursuits and duties has been a generous one. Since the work
of the University of North Carolina was begun, there has been a con-
tinuous, unbroken succession of rich and grateful fruit, splendidly
illustrative of ancestral wisdom, nobly responsive to State solicitude
and generosity, and grateful return to the care and efficiency of the
educational direction. And this fruit, of such priceless value to our-
selves, has been impartially and unselfishly distributed over an area as
broad as the Union itself, to show forth in all its parts the value and
the virtues of the University of North Carolina. Its light has been
set up in the Presidential and Vice-Presidential chairs ; it has irradiated
the Senate chamber of the United States, has given brilliancy to
the halls of the lower House, has illumined the judiciary in all its
branches, has shed its splendors over the bar, has graced the pulpit with
a softer radiance, has guided the investigations of medical investiga-
tors, has made clear the hidden paths of scientific research, has enlight-
ened all vocations and pursuits, and stands the enduring beacon, the
guiding standard for all educational aim and action.

Examples of the beneficent influences of the University, of men
who, doing honor to their alma mater, have won through their thorough
training and equipment imperishable honors for themselves, crowd
upon the memory or upon current observation, among the dead or
among the living, in numbers so great as to make selection from among
,them a somewhat invidious pleasure. With no purpose to exalt one
tolthe disparagement of another, but to illustrate by the presentation
of one who, conspicuously brilliant as a student, has through life
given proof of the thoroughness of his University training, distin
guished in many vocations, — in law, in politics, in science, — we present
the name of one still living, to associate him with the centennial of
the University, where he, too, in the unbroken line of succession, in

THOMAS LANIER CLINGMAN. 251

his day, was girding on the armor and sharpening the weapons with
which he so brilliantly won his many victories in his many fields of
action.

Thomas Lanier Clingman was born on the 27th day of July,
1812, in the town of Huntsville, Surry county, North Carolina. His
lineage was a good one, combining the best elements of the nationali-
ties whose characteristics are the chief agencies in the world's progress ;
blending in one blood what has formed the "American race " — brave,
energetic, enterprising, persevering, lovers of liberty, impatient of
oppression, but obedient to law and loyal to just government. The
paternal grandfather of General Clingman was a German. Settling in
Pennsylvania before the Revolution," and marrying a lady named
Kaiser, of that State, he entered the American army and was captured
when General Lincoln made the surrender of the city of Charlestown,
with his troops, to the British forces. At the end of the war he
removed to Cabarrus county, North Carolina, and there two sons were
born to him, one of whom became afterwards the father of the subject
of this notice. The family, in the course of time, moved to Surry
county, and there General Clingman's father married a Miss Poindexter
whose grandfather, an eminent divine of the Presbyterian Church
and among the most noted of the few well known teachers of his day,
was prominent, as Parson Patillo, during the revolutionary war, for
active zeal and effective patriotic service. He was, by birth, a Scotch-
man, who came to America at ten years of age, and marrying, when
grown, an English lady. The first husband of General Clingman's
grandmother was Colonel Robert Lanier, killed during the revolu-
tionary war ; and the sister of this gentleman was the mother of Lewis
Williams, for twenty-eight years a member of Congress from North
Carolina ; and also of the distinguished John Williams, of Tennessee.

The Poindexters were of Norman blood, but intermarried with the
Welch family of Pledges. There were, therefore, in the veins of Gen-
eral Clingman the united currents of German, Scotch, English, Norman
and Welch blood, a blending of qualities and characteristics that will
explain many excellencies and many peculiarities.

Well prepared for the University, young Clingman entered in June,
1829, and graduated June, 1832. Of his college career we know nothing,
except from its fruits. Singly and alone he carried off the first honors
of his class, each and all the professors awarding him the highest post

252 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

of distinction in all his studies, an honor not before achieved and not
often afterwards.

After graduation, he repaired to Hillsboro to read law, without plac.
ing himself under any instructor, but using books nnd authorities kindly
lent him by Mr. William A. Graham, then a practising lawyer, in the
future of such great distinction.

He entered upon the practice of law in his native county, Surry,
and in 1835 took his first step in politics, having been elected as a Whig
to the House of Commons in the State Legislature. In the autumn
of 1836, influenced by the prospects of a great development of trans-
montane North Carolina by the contemplated construction of the
Charleston and Cincinnati Railroad, the charter for. which had been
obtained and active interest aroused, he removed to Asheville, which
was on the proposed line of route of the projected road, and thence-
forward made it his home.

Circumstances arising out of a proposed change of route compelled
the call of a convention to consider or combat the antagonistic prop-
osition, and the convention met at Asheville in September. The
subjects at issue were, adherence to the plans first adopted, or the
adoption of another line, which crossed the Blue Ridge mountains
much farther west, and would traverse a part of North Carolina then
recently acquired from the Indians and with a very small white popu-
lation and few developed interests. General Clingman was an active
champion for the original line, and his activity and ability were con-
spicuous in the debates. But during the convention, Col. Robert Y.
Hayne, the president of the railroad company, and a very earnest
opponent of the change under discussion, was attacked with fatal
illness and died during the session, and the convention adjourned to
meet again at Columbia, South Carolina, which it did in December of
the same year. General Clingman was a delegate from North Caro-
lina, and the question of route coming up, as anticipated, he cham-
pioned his position and the views of the deceased president with great
force and eloquence. Mr. Memminger, of South Carolina, already
greatly distinguished in public life, ably and urgently advocated the
other side, appealing for the adoption of a line which, without, as he
claimed, materially influencing the prosperity of the work, by passing
close to the residence of John C. Calhoun would be high compliment
and noble tribute to that great man.

THOMAS LANIER CLINGMAN. 253

General Clingman, a very young man, greatly distinguished himself
in the conflict with his more experienced and already famous oppo-
nent, and earned a fame that was speedily wafted over the whole
country, fixing at once his reputation for ability, courage, eloquence
and large information, though he failed in his immediate purpose, the
convention favoring the views of Mr. Memminger. It was a fruitless
victory ; the road was never built on either of the proposed lines.
Half a century later, Asheville became an important point on a line
connecting, indirectly, Charleston and Cincinnati ; but the great enter-
prise which so far anticipated the present day came to naught. We
refer to the subject as a conspicuously definite starting point in the
long, active career of General Clingman.

In 1840, he was elected, as a Whig, member of the Senate from
Buncombe county, by a phenomenal majority, — through his efforts
revolutionizing the legislative districts of the West, and replacing the
delegation of five Democrats holding seats from that section by the
same number of Whigs.

The powers called forth in that legislative campaign, the powerful
influence its results illustrated, and subsequent usefulness as a legisla-
tor, Opened to him a broader and, possibly, a higher field of action,
and in 1843 ne was elected to the House of Representatives of the
Congress of the United States. His competitor was the Hon. James
Graham, elder brother of the Hon. William A. Graham, who had
served continuously and acceptably for the ten preceding years. Of
this and successive congressional contests, we propose to say no more
than that they were strikingly illustrated by the characteristic energy,
persistence and ability of General Clingman. He defeated his next
opponent, the able and eloquent John Gray Bynum, as also the Hon.
Burgess S. Gaither, a gentleman who still lives, honored and admired,
with almost unimpaired mental powers, the sole survivor of the com-
petitors of General Clingman for the honors of the House. His last
competitor was Col. L. Carmichael, the Know-Nothing candidate in
1855, and then, until transferred to the Senate, his congressional
pathway was smooth and unobstructed.

In 1857, the Hon. Asa Biggs, who was one of the senators from
North Carolina, was appointed a Federal Judge and vacated his seat
in the Senate. Governor Bragg filled the vacancy by the appointment
of General Clingman. The next session of the General Assembly

254 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

ratified this act of Governor Bragg by acclamation. At the expiration
of the term for which he was elected — the unexpired term of Judge
Biggs, in 1861, — he was again elected for a full term of six years.
The breaking out of hostilities between the States very soon after
made this new election nugatory, and then General Clingman gave
himself up to the military service of the State and the Confederacy.
He entered the service of the State when the war broke out as Colonel
of the Twenty-fifth North Carolina Regiment, but after eight months'
duty in that character, during which time his military qualities had had
fine illustration, he was made Brigadier General, and served with that
rank for three years, or until the close of the war.

Few general officers taken from the civil ranks achieved higher
distinction in the best qualities of the soldier. He was a hard fighter,
daring and impetuous in attack, stubborn and tenacious in retreat, one
to whom might be sanguinely trusted the crushing of an opposing
column, the capture of a defended position, the holding of a vital post.
There was nothing in his sphere of action that he did not accomplish
with brilliant achievement, and almost always with quite as brilliant
results. He was in command of the fight at Goldsboro, December,
1862 ; he held Sullivan's Island and Battery Wagner opposite Charles-
ton during the hottest of the fighting at these points, and until Decem-
ber, 1863. He led the advance in the attack on New Bern to rescue
that place from the Federal troops, and was in the thickest of the
terribly severe fighting at Second Cold Harbor in May, 1864. At
Petersburg, June 17th, 1864, under the very adverse conditions of a
small force, and the withdrawal of three brigades on his right, on
which he had relied for support, he repelled the attack made on his
position by Smith and Burnside with overwhelming force.

A greater distinction still awaited General Clingman in his opera-
tions around Petersburg. It was he, with tw6 regiments, that forced
back General B. F. Butler, and safely " bottled " him up in Bermuda
Hundreds. But for the unfortunate withdrawal of a large part of his
effective force previous to the action, Butler and his command would
have been captured. On the 19th of August, 1864, south of Peters-
burg, General Clingman, with seven hundred of his command, defeated
a large body of the enemy and captured twenty-one hundred of them,
but in that battle was severely wounded and borne off the field, and
was only able to walk with a crutch at the surrender at Greensboro in

THOMAS LANIER CLINGMAN. 255

the April following. During the war he had received several wounds,
but none to disable him seriously.

This is the record of a civilian soldier, as ardent in war as in peace,
and bringing to the military service many of the useful lessons acquired
in his college life.

Having briefly considered him in his various relations of lawyer, politi-
cian and soldier, there remains another, in which he has acquired a solid
reputation not often accorded to the layman actively engaged in other
and absorbing vocations — that of scientist. Natural taste, thorough
training at the University, close habits of investigation, and a fruitful
field in the unexplored mountains of Western North Carolina, gave
full scope for that restless activity, indefatigable industry and ambition
to excel in all things — marked characteristics of General Clingman.
We are not prepared to follow through all his, researches into the
secrets of nature, but refer to a few upon which he has thrown the
light of information.

In Western North Carolina there occur frequent large excavations,
nearly filled with earth fallen in since their construction, covered with
large trees, and evidently of great antiquity. These were vaguely
associated with the expedition of De Soto into this region in search
of gold. General Clingman, by opening these pits, solved the mystery,
but opened up a deeper one, for by demonstrating that the search of
the original excavators was for mica, he established their identity with
the mound-builders, — that vanished race which, untold centuries ago,
thickly peopled the whole western plains from the lakes to the gulf ;
holding there their seat of empire, sending to the mountains their
colonies of workmen to procure a much-prized article of ornament or
religious use. This, though not the first discovery of the mica of
Western North Carolina, directed attention to it, and opened the way
for a great and lucrative industry.

In his mineralogical research, widely and scientifically extended
through the mountains, he brought to notice the existence of corundum
in large masses, since extensively and profitably mined in several
Western counties, especially in Macon. This discovery was a surprise
to the scientists of the Northern States ; but the fact was indisputable,
and led to the introduction of Northern capital to work the newly
discovered mines. He was also instrumental, after long-continued
effort, in demonstrating the great economical value of the zircon,

256 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

found in large quantities in Henderson county, on the south side of the
Blue Ridge, — a mineral whose value is now becoming highly estimated
in connection with gas and electric illumination. In the perfection of
the last, General Clingman may ultimately have large share in his efforts
(successful, but not perfectly secured by patent) to substitute the zircon
pencil for the carbon now in use.

On the authority of the distinguished Charles Upham Shepard,
General Clingman is pronounced the discoverer of the diamond and
platinum in North America, and he also brought to notice the existence
of the ruby and other precious gems in North Carolina.

He has devoted much attention to meteorology. Professor New-
combe pronounced his observations on the great meteor of August
2d, 1S60, as furnishing the best evidence of the height of the atmo-
sphere that the world then had. In those observations it was affirmed
that, in some mode, sound might be transmitted with the speed of
electricity. This assertion, scouted by Professor Henry, of the Smith-
sonian Institution, as absurd, has since had verification in the invention
of the telephone.

He devoted much scientific labor to ascertain the exact heights of
the mountains of Western North Carolina, confident that some of
them could be accurately demonstrated to exceed in height Mount
Washington, in New Hampshire, then asserted to be the highest moun-
tain in the United States. He established his claim triumphantly, for
several peaks in the Black and Smoky Mountains were found to exceed
in height their New England rival by several hundred feet. His name
is applied to the highest point of the Smoky Mountains, a peak 6,660
feet high. A friendly controversy between General Clingman and
Professor Mitchell, of the University, as to the accuracy of their
respective measurements of the highest summit of the Black Moun-
tains, led to a renewed personal visit to that mountain chain by the
latter, in the course of which he lost his life.

The literary and scientific pursuits of General Clingman have been
unremitting. But, with the exception of a volume of speeches, essays
and lectures, he has published nothing to give him prominent literary
or scientific fame. His life has been one of practical utility, of inde-
fatigable industry, of restless activity, which sought to bring to present
use the fruits of his many acquirements, rather than acquire fame by
the patient labors of authorship. What he learned, sought and found,

A WINTER'S TALE. 257

he gave liberally and unreservedly to the world ; reserving nothing to
himself, reaping small reward for his discoveries, except the conscious-
ness that his life has been an active, useful, in some respects, an illus-
trious one. Alone in the world, for he never married, surviving most
of his classmates and early cotemporaries, he looks back with pleasure
and gratitude to the Institution where were so substantially laid the
foundations of his fame and his usefulness.

John D. Cameron.

A WINTER'S TALE.

Shakspere loves to instance the law of compensation. It has abund-
ant illustration in his work, shown in structural balance of parts,
equipoise of qualities in individual character, multitude and variety of
emotions. It is a refined law of order upholding the stability of his
drama and endowing it with fertility. It is a producer of symmetry
in development ; permeates not only his drama, but his very being in
his progress toward that imperial estate wherein every sensation of
the heart lay near to the touch of his genius. By reason of it tears
have on them the sparkle of laughter ; by reason of it humor and
pathos, so wedded, are grounded in philosophy. It gives net satisfac-
tion, but content. It is the living principle in the philosophy of the
Calm, out of which flows the purest love, the healthiest joy, the readi-
est sympathy.

The name of the play is , full of this suggestion in the exquisite
interpretation it gives to the spirit of the author in producing it, and
the impression he intended it should leave. In summer's droning
quiet we love cool, sparkling rivulets, breezy sough of winds, all pro-
ducers of energetic sensation ; in winter's rigor and gust we love the
cheerful fireside and calmness of all emotion. The beating of the
elements may have an awakening echo in the memory of subdued pas-
sion ; but the winter is barred out, the passion is powerless, there is
the heightening effect of security. The calm is not one of stolidity,

258 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

but of moral subsidence. Our soothing philosophy controls every
emotion. With just such a moral season the play is in accord.

If we concede that the greater amount of moral enjoyment is derived
from the pastoral part of the play, and that the tragic portion is
intended as a foil to its idyllic spirit, we have an apotheosis of the
cheerful fireside in the midst of winter. Just as in one case the enjoy-
ment of the season is in the cheerful quiet rather than the elemental
strife, so in the other the soul of the play resides in the perfect rest of
the idyl rather than in the rush of emotion in its inclusive drama.
But it is " reconciling drama," and the reconciliation casts over the
idyl that mellow warmth which makes our winter fireside apposition
perfect.

What importance, then, must we attach to this portion of the work ?

The rapidity of movement in the first three acts is apparent ; the
strokes are as rapid as they are firm. The development is hurried to
the last verge of propriety. All the evidences are present of the rest-
lessness of an author anxious to get to the heart of his subject. Once
upon the " coast " of Bohemia all restlessness disappears. The pas-
toral runs its own soft and dallying course, not once hurried, but often
retarded with a lingering rustic slowness, as if life were worth every-
thing, and made trivial everything worthy — save time, which is worth
nothing at all except to be restful and happy in. The poet who shirks
nothing may yet love one part of his work pre-eminently ; and he has
almost made us feel that the first three acts are merely a masterly intro-
duction to the succeeding scenes of youth and love and untrammeled
nature in which his genius every day more loved to luxuriate.

We have here something beyond the usual set of experiences pro-
duced by the reconciling drama: a legacy from the long holiday of
love and rustic sport that takes possession of every interest. The
reconciliation continues and mellows impressions produced by it ; such
is necessary, such is the denouement of the story of the lost Perdita.
But there is a spirit in the play which is not that of melodrama.

I do not know how far the air of Stratford-upon-Avon influenced
Shakspere in the production of this pastoral; what I do know is that
there is a freedom from convention and care in rural life for which the
soul yearns as it does for rest. Autolycus, of a breed that have their
habitat in the country, brings in its welcome air ; we welcome his song
as we do the first triumphant notes of the mocking-bird perched on a

A WINTER'S TALE. 259

ragged holly in February to tell us he has caught a glimpse of the new
kingdom.

In the country ambition gives way to humble content ; scheming,
to bucolic trust in nature ; biting satire, to more kindly, if less polished,
humor ; dangerous philosophy, to rustic aphorism.

To see cultured life acted upon the stage is to stand face to face
with a dread of sin and tragedy ; to see rustic life acted is to fear
nothing but open-handed sentiment and good humor. There are
none of the fomenting, explosive elements present ; there can be no
representation of conventional entanglements and carking care. We
surrender ourselves to a delicious poverty of incident, we purpose
nothing less than a picnic. Such are the surroundings Shakspere chose
for the romance of Florizel and Perdita, which he would render highly
ideal. Let us see the propriety of it.

" If wishes were horses, beggars might ride." But wishes are horses
and beggars do ride ; only, the performance is very much in the realm
of the imagination. The riding of wish-horses is a dangerous thing
for the literary artist. That our best dreams should come true is a
glaring improbability which the realist flees as he would flee literary
death. Even the idealist takes care not to multiply instances of this
sort. Yet it is a distinctive principle of romance. Therefore the suc-
cessful romancer must be a supreme genius. Incomparable strength
and chasteness of imagination make the tempest palatable ; the same
masterly touch is required in A Winter's Tale. But what is present
in the latter that makes idealism so readily accepted? It is set in the
pastoral we have analyzed, the simple conception of which contains
those elements that make romance probable.

Love at the palace requires great artistic effort to give it currency;
love among the sheepcotes is its own apology, stands convicted of
truth. Therefore we know that Florizel loves Perdita and that " there
is not half a kiss to choose who loves another best."

Where convention and sophistry breed fraud, honesty requires great
security for verisimilitude ; but an "unstained shepherd" must needs
be honest. Therefore we. can easily believe the alacrity of Florizel's
renunciation of Bohemia, and do not wonder at his conviction: " I
needs must think it honesty." In all essential points the ideality of
the romance, and the characters in it, is sustained by the pastoral sim-
plicity that makes faith perfect, love healthy, and good people deserv-
ing of good fortune.

260 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Shakspere's choice of subjects in later days signifies more than is
usually conceded. Much as has been written, in a superficial manner,
about his psychological state when in that vague region called by
Dowden " On the Heights," he merely ran through the stages common
to all °men. His genius had waxed full and now waned in energy,
but the tenderness and wisdom of it still grew. Manifestly the Shaks-
pere of 1610 could not have done Margaret of Anjou nor yet Falstaff,
because he lacked the bursting energy of spirit that gave the one the
mettle of her ambition and the other the compass and overbearing
keenness of his humor. But at that time, 1 593—1 599, he perhaps
could not have created Autolycus, whose humor is born of a quieter
philosophy ; certainly not Perdita, who is treated with a tenderness
and delicacy not acquired until long after. The sort of strength
Shakspere had developed in, was the strength of fortitude, upon which
is built the heroic character of Hermione. Now, we may reason from
this that the cause which sets off the two ideal creatures Perdita and
Miranda from all other of Shakspere's women is one of ethical pro-
priety. While his genius had outgrown art and sought no better
appeal to heart and mind than nature's simplicity, the man himself
had tried every human experience and reached the age of retrospec-
tion, becoming busy with the things of youth. As an interpreter of
life, he could now look upon youth by the light of maturer experiences ;
see its germinal worth, its freshness and purity, its tender possi-
bilities; declare its triumph, love it, idolize it. Perdita and Miranda
owe their existence to the same spirit that prompts the old folk to lay
their sympathetic hands on the curly heads of children. Both char-
acters are conceived in the same spirit, and both are exquisite studies
of the same subject — womanhood untouched by art ; with all sweet
essences not refined out of her because so many things of vital impor-
tance to the conventional world are refined into her.

Both are highly ideal, therefore, and very much alike. Their like-
ness is in "general qualities, such as purity, innocence, tenderness; but
the freshness and excess of these qualities distinguish them from other
women. They have the same predominant idea, which is the larger
half of their souls : there is something that Miranda shall die to want,
something that Perdita must have or milk her ewes and weep. Even
these two ideal women may then be incomplete ; they need fulfill-
ment of their destiny. The women of Shakspere fulfill many offices,

A WINTER'S TALE. 261

but I believe he keeps in the foreground their duty of loving. But
where else does he give us two such creatures, in whom the most
microscopic seer fails to discover any satisfactory apology for their
existence, save in connection with that gentle fate they both sigh for ?'
Perdita and Miranda are living lyrics of love. In them the destiny of
woman is put in an interesting way.

Perdita, however, is a far finer creation than Miranda. She is not
nearly so elemental. She is arch, wise, and serious ; and one of the
most modest of Shakspere's women. All of Florizel's prettinesses
receive answers of classic mould. The spirit inherited from Hermione
could not leave her a Mopsa, could but make her despise the injustice
and the philosophy of Polixenes.

In the later plays, Shakspere's humor is more thoroughly blended
in the texture of the play, and is easier of feeling than of analysis^
But if we keep up with Autolycus and the old Shepherd, and the
Clown, his son, we shall be in the way of the best of it this work
furnishes.

Mastered by the dyspepsia of enthusiasm, Dowden entertained this
undigested conceit :

" Certainly no person of spirit can read A Winter's Tale without
feeling a dishonest and delightful itching of the fingers, an interest not
wholly virtuous in his neighbor's bleaching-green, and an impatience
to be off for once on an adventure of roving and roguing with Auto-
lycus."

I want to bring this passage into discredit with the Club. Such-
arrant imbecilities are too apt to catch the eye of critics and get
upon a voyage as a " bon mot " through many a volume of the flunky-
adulation prevalent in other circles, not our own, as criticism of Shaks-
pere. If Autolycus produces any obliquity in our ethics it is because
his fleet intellectual klepticism arouses in us a contempt for his victims'
stupid, supine honesty.

The scene in which Autolycus robs the clown is broad and farcical,
with only a touch or two of true humor. Far better is the scene in
which Autolycus, clothed in enforced finery, reflects on the Shepherd's
" baseness court-contempt." Throughout this scene we are divided
between sympathy with the old man's genuine distress, and fun at the
expense of his ridiculous but natural son.

This clown which Shakspere can afford to throw in without a name,
might have done a name great honor.

262 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

He was an aesthete : '' I love a ballad but even too well ; if it be
doleful matter, merrily set down, or a very pleasant thing indeed, and
sung lamentably." There's humor in this reference to a foible of the
humble public.

He was a man of observation too : " — A great man, I'll warrant ; I
know by the picking on's teeth."

He had ambition : "I was a gentleman born before my father."

How exquisitely did sentiment and fun get mixed up together
when the king's family claimed kinship, and the clown and his father
shed their first gentlemanly tears.

A. A. F. Seawell, Jr.

THE TRIUMPH OF THE JUST.

A simple godly man he lived and died.
His fields to work he went at early morn,
At eve returned to rest and breathe toil-worn
The sweet fresh air with lips that never lied ;
The tempting lures of wrongful gain defied,
And lived unknown to fame's brass blatant horn.
His care the gentle Saviour, crowned with thorn,
To glorify, and wished for none beside.
Obscure? and world-despised ? Yes. But start
Not, if, when the archangel's trump its loudest tone
Sounds forth o'er land and sea, his glorious part
'Mid thunder of angels' plaudits the throne
Before to stand, this same pure lowly heart
Up high to lift, and hear the words, " Well done ! "

R. L. Uzzell.

AN INQUIRY.

MESSRS. EDITORS : — There is a very important debate going on in
my family, and as there seems no prospect of an agreement among us,
will you kindly, as the highest court of appeals on such questions,
decide between us ? I will state, as shortly as I can, the point of
controversy:

An ancient poem among our negroes, probably imported from Guinea,

not excelled in the language for stirring incident, clear narrative, fine

moral teaching, and intensity of interest, runs as follows :

" Snake baked a hoe-cake,
And set the Frog to mind it.
Frog went to nodding
And Lizard came and stole it.
' Bring back my hoe-cake,
You long-tailed Nanny! '"

" Now, father," asked my little daughter, " who said ' Bring back my
hoe-cake, you long-tailed Nanny"?

" Well, daughter," said I, " I think the snake said it, when he came
back and found the frog nodding and the hoe-cake going away in the
lizard's mouth."

Wife: " I don't think so, husband. It seems to me, the frog, when
he awoke from his nap, must have uttered the exclamation."

" I think so, too," said Aunt S., one of the best specimens of the
" old maid " order. . " Not a word is said about the snake's return."

I : " Why, you ruin the story by that interpretation. Something
must be left to the imagination, and all must admit the picture is more
lively if the snake returns before the lizard has carried the hoe-cake
out of sight. Imagine a ' cool sequestered vale,' or a 'sunny slope of
a hill,' 'quiet reigning all around,' the bright embers on which the hoe-
cake has been baked, the solemn nodding of the frog overcome by
the silence and warm glow of the fire, the lizard creeping slowly,
cautiously, his keen black eyes fixed on the sleeping sentinel, first
advancing, then retreating in guilty terror at the gentle rustle of the
leaves, the sudden seizure of the hoe-cake, the rapid running to the
bushes! Just then back from his wanderings comes the hungry snake ;
with rising fury he discerns the nodding frog; with beating heart he
reaches for the object of his care ; he hears a rustling of the leaves,
and turning his head, lo ! the long tail of the thief is just disappearing

264 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

in his hole in the moss-covered log decaying on the ground ! That is
a picture Rosa Bonheur would delight to paint. Under these circum-
stances of rage, amazement, indignation, — too much paralyzed to
commence a pursuit, — the snake hisses out, ' Bring back my hoe-cake,
you long-tailed Nanny ! ' Besides, the expression is ' my hoe-cake/
and surely there is no doubt as to the owner of the cake."

Wife and Aunt S., both together: "Oh! you may imagine -what
you please, we are dealing with /act. Your last reason is no reason at
all. Everybody knows all cooks speak of the articles they prepare
as belonging to them. The frog called it ' my (his) hoe-cake,' because
he had been set to ' mind it.' He was not sleeping, only nodding, and
it is natural he should shout to the lizard when he found him stealing
what had been placed under his charge."

" There is an old rule of law," said I, " which declares that if a cer-
tain condition of things is proved, the continuance of that condition
is presumed until it is proved to be changed. Now, we know that the
frog 'went to nodding,' and, according to the rule of law just men-
tioned, he continued to nod, and, consequently, could not have uttered
the exclamation in question, unless he did it in a state of somnolency,
which is unreasonable."

Aunt S.: " That may be so. I don't know anything about your law
maxims. Even according to that, though, it must be the frog, because
the snake went away, and, by your rule, it must be presumed he staid
away, until it is proved he returned."

" But," said I, " it is evident that the snake went off for only a tem-
porary purpose. After baking the hoe-cake, he set the frog to mind
it, evidently intending after a while to relieve him from his charge-
What he went for, we are not informed — probably to procure some
tender mouse or other animal food 'to go with ' the cake, or, perad-
venture, to bring some guest to share his hospitality. Besides, we
know the snake is a foul-mouthed, abusive animal, while the frog has
no such reputation. In this narrative there is a resort to ' calling of
names ' immediately on the discovery of the theft. Who is more
likely to indulge in this denunciatory language, the fierce and revenge-
ful serpent, under whose forked tongue the venom lies, or the meek
and dignified frog? No doubt, forthwith' into the hungry stomach of
his irate master was dragged, headlong and lubricated, the unhappy
victim of the wiles of Morpheus. Death is the penalty to a sentinel
for sleeping on his post."

AN INQUIRY. 265

By this time, wife's mind became perturbed lest her own hoe-cake
should be suffering from similar neglect of duty, and she retired in
disgust to the kitchen. But Aunt S., who is as " game " in logomachy
as Stonewall Jackson on the field of battle, warmed up and continued
the controversy :

"Yes, if your imagination is to decide the question, I'll give it
up. Isn't it a pretty story that the snake, whose tail is ten times as
long as the lizard's, should call the latter ' you long-tailed Nanny ' ?
Do you think the snake considers a long tail as a reproach ? or would
select that term as an opprobrious epithet? It comes with a good
grace from the frog, who has no such adornment, but the snake would
consider the length of the tail an extension of beauty."

I own I was perplexed at this thrust, but searched my mind for a
parry, and found it in this wise : .

" Your argument is ' plausible but not strengthy.' We read in the
Bible that the tail of the snake was given him as a punishment for
deceit and treachery. He remembers his treatment of Eve and its
penalty, though when cool he will not confess his shame. But here he
is placed in temper-trying circumstances. Hungry, disappointed, vin-
dictive, angry, he hurls at the retreating thief the epithet which in his
heart he feels to be the most opprobrious and disgracing of all in the
billingsgate of serpents. Besides, the frog could hardly be so rash as
to talk thus disrespectfully of the distinguishing feature of the physique
of his dangerous master, and in his presence, too. Not he ; he is too
cautious an animal for that. Though a great croaker and, according
to ^Esop, sometimes swollen from vanity, he doesn't look so wise for
nothing."

Aunt S.: "There, again, you are still busy with your imaginings.
The story doesn't say the snake had returned. / say he was not there.
But here is a Judge ; let us leave it fairly to him. Judge B., didyow
ever hear of such a preposterous idea as that the snake shouted to the
lizard? We leave you to decide."

Judge B.: " I have listened to your arguments. It is a difficult
question, and not to be decided from internal evidence. There is a
latent ambiguity which must be removed by testimony. We find no
authentic non-fabulous account of a frog's being gifted with speech.

266 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

The Bible is authority that a snake has been so gifted. The weight
of the evidence is therefore in favor of the snake."

The ladies were not convinced, and appeal to a higher tribunal.
To you, Messrs. Editors, the appeal is made.

Yours, Joel Chandler Harris, 2D.

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL.

No. XIV.

OUR PHYSICIANS.

A prominent figure in all village life is necessarily the physician,
the leading physician, if there be more than one — the Doctor par
excellence, having become so by his own acknowledged merit, or by a
long term of professional service, or some other claim to special dis-
tinction.

The influence and personal popularity of a good physician, who is
also a good man and a highly cultivated one as well, are not second
to those of any man in the community, not even of a beloved and
honored minister. And people are always at their best before a doc-
tor without knowing precisely why. The secret is that they are natural
with him. It is of no use to affect anything with these masters of our
weakness, who have so often seen us as we are, stripped of all our con-
ventionalities, prostrate and helpless, and without disguises of any sort.
There is no going beyond him, no getting around him. He knows us
so well. We feel that we have got down to rock-bottom with the
family physician, and may as well lay aside our airs and pretences of
various kinds, and be plain, and simple and natural. This in itself is
an agreeable and comfortable state of things, and the doctor's pres-
ence is felt to have a charm.

For myself, I must confess that I have always loved and honored
this profession especially and always am ready to re-echo Doctor John-
son's cordial eulogy : "I believe that every man has found in physi-
cians great liberality and dignity of sentiment, very prompt effusions

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 267

of beneficence, and great willingness to exert a lucrative art when
there is no hope of lucre."

From fifty to sixty years ago the health of Chapel Hill, or the size
of its population, was such that one physician was competent to attend
to the sick of the community. Dr. Charles Yancey filled this post in
my childhood. I remember him well : a man of good though plain
address, with a certain energy in speaking. He had but one eye ; was
a man of good family ; had been well educated ; had talent, and special
gifts for his profession. All was lost, however, in his love of drinking.
He had a brother, Lem. Yancey, a deaf mute, a well-known figure on
our streets till within a few years past. As Doctor Yancey fell lower
and lower in the esteem of men, various physicians made vain attempts
to establish themselves here. Dr. Alex. Henderson, Doctor Lloyd,
Doctor Norwood — one after another they folded their tents and
departed. In case of severe illness we had to send to Hillsboro for
Doctor Strudwick, who was one of the best doctors in the State, much
beloved as well as esteemed.

In 1 841, Dr. Johnston Blakely Jones, then lately returned from a
two years' study in Paris, settled in Chapel Hill, and in a very short
time established a reputation second to none in the State. He had
received his collegiate education in the University, had gone from
here to the Charleston Medical School, and thence to Europe. His
preparation for the practice of his profession was, for that day, excep-
tionally good.

In The University Magazine for March, 1886, is a Biographical
Memorial of our late Prof. John DeBerniere Hooper, in which may be
found an extended account of the Jones family, with whom he was
closely related. They derive in a direct line from the celebrated Eng-
lish Bishop, Jeremy Taylor, and many of them now occupy places of
honor in England.

Col. Edward Jones, the father of our Doctor, was an Irishman of
good family, who came to this country soon after the Revolution, in
company with his brother-in-law, Colonel DeBerniere. Jones finally
settled in Chatham county, in this State, became a lawyer, took a lead-
ing part at the bar, and was for many years Solicitor General for
North Carolina. He married into the Mallett family, and his hand-
some residence, " Rock-rest," in Chatham, became famous for hospi-
tality and generous living. Besides a large family of his own, he had

268 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

the charge of a number of wards whom he befriended and brought up
as his own. Among them was the gallant Capt. Johnston Blakely,
commander of the "Wasp," who was lost at sea during the war with
England in the year 1814. Colonel Jones gave his ward's name to
his youngest son, born in that year. Of his three sons, two died early;
of his four daughters, Mrs. John Eccles, of Fayetteville, Mrs. Edward
Hardin, of Pittsboro, Mrs. Wm. Hooper, of Chapel Hill, and Mrs.
Rencher, widow of the Hon. Abram Rencher, ex-Governor of New
Mexico, the latter lady alone survives, last now of all her immediate
family.

It may be supposed that family connections and associations with
Chapel Hill from childhood induced our young Doctor to take up his
abode here. Otherwise it would seem to have been a deliberate
obscuring of his talents and educational advantages. Perhaps, like many
another, he designed this for a merely temporary perch, while he
plumed his wings for a higher sphere of action. Here, however, he
remained from '41 to '67, and having taken high rank from the start
he went on with ever-increasing reputation. His practice extended
over several counties, public confidence in his skill and sagacity reach-
ing almost to a superstition.

In 1841 he married Miss Polly Ann Stewart, a grand-daughter of
Dr. Baker, of Raleigh, a beautiful woman, whose character formed the
complement of his own, so that in marriage, as in other respects, he was
exceptionally happy. The young couple boarded for a year or two
with Professor Green in the old Caldwell mansion. Then the Doctor
built the house now owned by Miss Cole, lived there a few years, and
then built that now belonging to Mr. McCauley, and remained there
till his removal to Charlotte in 1867. His first office was the house
nearly opposite the hotel, now occupied by Jordan Weaver's family.

There he soon had a class of bright young men reading medicine with
him, William Hooper, Charles Phillips, Stephen Green and others.
The twenty-six years that Doctor Jones lived in Chapel Hill were
years doubtless of much enjoyment to him. He formed many warm
and congenial friendships here, knew himself to be gaining the fore-
most rank in his profession, with a large and lucrative practice, and
saw a fine family of children growing around him. Yet they were
years, too, of hard and insufficiently paid work. The rough roads and
the long hills of Orange and Chatham saw him many a stormy win-

OLD TIMES IN CHAPEL HILL. 269

ter's night and broiling day in summer, bent on healing errands that
were often purely charitable, and undertaken with no expectation of
fee or reward. The amount of his charity practice was enormous.
Added to this he was habitually careless in the keeping of his accounts
with his paying patients. Doctor Jones ought to have died a rich
man, but after near a half century of distinguished and most success-
ful service to his fellow-men death found him, last March, poor in
worldly goods, though immeasurably rich in the enthusiastic love,
admiration and honor of troops of friends. He never appeared to
regard his fees. The call of his poorest neighbor was always attended
as promptly as that of his wealthiest, the case was studied as carefully,
the costliest remedies provided (at his own expense) as freely. Such
a man would never be a rich man, but I think I may say without exag-
geration that no man has ever lived in Chapel Hill more universally
beloved than Doctor Jones. Our elderly people speak of him yet
with warm affection — " There was nobody like him."

As a physician, I believe that Doctor Jones was especially distin-
guished for his skill in diagnosis. He would at once detect the jarring
chord in his patient's frame, and place his finger on the weak spot
with unerring intuitive perception. His mind was also fertile in
resources. He was an omnivorous reader in many other departments
than that of medicine and a very careful student in that. He thought
about his cases, studied them, put his mind to them with the spirit of
a philosopher searching for truth. And this quality was the highest
effect of his genius, for genius has been defined to be "a capacity of
taking infinite pains."

In general society he was singularly quiet and unobtrusive. Not in
the least shy, but always cool, easy, imperturbable; still he would never
put himself forward. He was a keen observer, and preferred that part
in the game. There was rather a negligent air about him, as of a man
profoundly indifferent to popularity, to gossip, to current reports.
But in conversation with choice friends, his learning, his wide infor-
mation, his fine sense of humor, his all-pervading charity and tolera-
tion, and his keen enjoyment of an intellectual repast, made him a
delightful companion. He would sit up all night talking in congenial
company as cooly and as matter of course as he would sit by some
poor sick man's bedside all night in a hand-to-hand struggle with
Azrael.

270 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

In estimating the extraordinary magnetic influence that Doctor
Jones appeared to exert unconsciously on all who came within his
sphere, perhaps it should be stated that he was one of the handsomest
men in the State. Unstudied and negligent as he was in air, dress
and manner, the noble beauty of his features was remarkable and
impressive. The profile of his head and face strikingly resembled
Lord Byron's. He brought from Europe a fine cameo head of Byron
set in a pin, and it was characteristic of him that when the growing
likeness attracted more and more attention and remark, he threw the
pin aside, not choosing to have it observed.

Among that group of men who made the social circle in Chapel
Hill unique for many years, Doctor Jones was of course prominent.
His high qualities of head and heart found congenial element here,
and he was content to remain, indifferent to the fortune and fame
that awaited him elsewhere. The loss of his oldest son Edward, a
mere boy, killed at the Wilderness, and the death of his excellent wife
in 1865, loosened his ties to his home here, and the decline of the Uni-
versity and the disintegration of society that began as soon as the war
closed, finally necessitated a change of residence. He removed to
Charlotte in '67, taking with him and maintaining there a reputation
and pre-eminence accorded to very few men.

The last year or two of his life was clouded by paralysis. He died
suddenly March I, 1889, within the week that saw his old friend and
neighbor, Professor Fetter, brought back to be interred at Chapel Hill.

About the same time that Doctor Jones set up his household gods
here, Dr. George Moore, of the well-known Cape Fear Moores, removed
hither with his family from Wilmington, and began the practice of
medicine. He lived in what was known as the old Henderson house,
standing where now is Doctor Mallett's residence. The Moores were
a very agreeable addition to society, the Doctor himself being a plain,
silent man of many genial qualities. He was a careful, judicious physi-
cian, and acquired and retained till his death, about '57, a good and
paying practice, chiefly in the country.

These families, with many another, have passed entirely out of the
place, only a few elderly people now remembering that such were once
numerous and influential. Cowper's lament will find an echo in human
hearts as long as the world lasts :

" Where once we dwelt our name is heard no more;
Children not thine have trod thy nursery floor."

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 271

What I remember chiefly about these men and women of a former
day was their sociability and neighborliness, the geniality of their
intercourse with each other. I really doubt if this younger genera-
tion now upon the stage have half as good a time. They certainly
dress a great deal more, and live in a good deal more "style " ; but the
laughter, the jokes, the friendliness, the easy superiority to trifles, the
communal enjoyment of a new book, the ripening talk of it after-
wards, — nay, even the bird-suppers at Doctor Moore's, where the old
Cape Fear cook had her own secret recipe for preparing them, and
where old and young met with glee. No, I don't think such viands
for mind, body and estate are met with these days. Ph. D's abound,
brie a-brac abounds, people come and go with great rapidity, and we
do our shopping by sample.

C. P. Spencer.

Biographical Sketches

OF THE

CONFEDERATE DEAD OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA.

Edited by Stephen B. Weeks.

Austin, William Henry, Tarboro, N. C, b. Nov., 1840, son of
Robert H. and Sarah Janet Jeffreys, d. near Rolesville, N. C, March, 1 865.
Prepared at the Horner School, Oxford, and matriculated June, 1857.
His health failing, he left the University in Dec. 1858, and went into
the mercantile business with his father. Enlisted June 1, 1862, in Co.
I, Seventeenth Regiment, Col. Wm. F. Martin, and was promoted Ser-
geant. His health began to fail towards the close of 1862, and he was
given several furloughs for the purpose of recruiting; early in 1865 he
was given a final discharge because of poor health, and died on the
trip home. He died at the residence of his maternal grandfather, and
was buried there while the booming cannon of Bentonsville, heard

272 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

in the distance, served as his funeral dirge. After peace was declared
his remains were taken up and re-interred in the Episcopal cemetery in
Tarboro. A Phi.

Bartlett, Leonard White, Sumter co., S. C, b. Oct. 12, 1842,
third child and eldest son of Rev. Julius Lyman and Agnes P. White,
d. July 1, 1862. Was prepared for college partly at the Mt. Zion
School in Winnsboro, S. C.,and partly athis home under a private tutor.
Matriculated as a Sophomore, July, 1859. He was always very studious
and his mental abilities were of a high order. Prof. Hepburn said he
attracted his attention in a class of ninety boys, and that he has since
been interested in some of his cousins at Davidson College for his
sake. He was cheerful in disposition, yet grave and dignified for one
of his years. His ideals and standards were very high, his sense of
duty strong and unfaltering. When his State seceded he wrote home :
" My first duty is to my State ; I know you will let me leave college if
she needs me." After the surrender of Fort Sumter in April, '61, he
came home and volunteered in Co. D, Second Regiment, S. C. V.,
Kershaw's Brigade. At the reorganization May, '62, he was elected
Captain. He was in the first battle of Manassas, and afterwards at Wil-
liamsburg, and was on the Peninsula during that time of hardship and
suffering. During the seven days' fighting around Richmond, he was
wounded, probably mortally, at Savage Station, Sunday evening, June
29th, '62. He was shot through the head, while leading his men. He
fell, but instantly sprang to his feet, and, waving his sword, rallied his
company. Again he was struck and fell, shot through the body, and
his lower limbs completely paralyzed. Our men retreated, leaving their
dead and dying on the field all night. Some of the Federals came and
took his sword and side arms, but gave him water. Next day he was put
on a train with others who were to be sent to the hospitals in Richmond,
but he was going to the house of a friend of his father's. When that friend
met him at the depot Tuesday morning, he found he had died on the
train on his litter, before daylight. He cared for his body, and from his
house his remains were taken to Hollywood and interred. In course
of time a headstone was erected to mark the spot where lay one of
South Carolina's bravest and truest soldiers, and it was erected in great
part by the voluntary offerings of the surviving portion of his old
command. He furnished another instance, often noted here during
the war, that many of the bravest and most devoted Confederate sol-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 273

diers were the children of Northern and Southern parents, his father
having been a native of Massachusetts, but a Southerner from princi-
ple. A Di.

Claiborne, Lieut. Col. Thomas D., was a descendant of Thomas,
last Lord of Cleborne Manor, one of the oldest families in Westmore-
landshire, England. He spent but a single year, 1S5 5— '56, at the Uni-
versity. He died at Mont Blanc, the residence of his mother, near
Danville, Va., on the morning of the 29th December, 1864, aged
twenty-nine years and four days. Entering the service early in April,.
1861, as Captain of the Danville Grays, he remained constantly in the
field until shot down, serving as Captain in the Eighteenth Virginia
Regiment during the arduous campaigns of 1861-62; in almost every
battle-field in Virginia and Maryland. Promoted in rank and trans-
ferred to the Seventh Confederate Cavalry (composed of Virginians
and North Carolinians), his career in that branch of the service was
characterized by the same virtues that had distinguished him in the
infantry and endeared him to his comrades. On the 23d of June,
1864, while in command of his regiment, he fell leading a charge
against Wilson's raiding force in Nottoway county, Virginia, and
although his surgeons pronounced his wound necessarily and speedily
fatal, he was cheerful and confident of recovery. Confined six long
months, unable to sit up, subjected to painful surgical operations,
his patient and cheerful spirit never failed, even when all around him
were despondent. Long before he was thus stricken down, his thoughts
were turned to the necessity of seeking his soul's salvation, but after
his confinement it was a frequent subject of prayerful thought, and he
died in full assurance of forgiveness and peace. Kind and tender
hearted as a woman, chivalrous as a knight of the olden time, gener-
ous, brave and true, he fell a willing martyr to the cause of that
country he loved so well. A Di.

Chisholm, Seaborn Whatley, Polk co., Ga., b. in Polk county,
Georgia, March 23, 1841, d. September 21, 1862. Matriculated at the Uni-
versity of Georgia, August. 1859, University of North Carolina, i860.
Private in Fulton Dragoons, Cobb's Legion, Army of Northern Vir-
ginia. He was wounded September 13, 1862, and died eight days
later; had been in all the battles in Virginia up to that time. A Di.

Coggin, Joseph Burwell, Orange co., N. C, only son of Elder
George T. and Nancy G. Coggin, was born October 10, 1842, and died

274 THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

August 21, 1864, in the twenty-second year of his age, of wounds
received in the struggle at Petersburg, Virginia, on the 17th of June, '64.
He was unmarried, and was reading medicine at South Lowell, N. C,
his place of residence, when he went into the army. He served in Com-
pany D, Fifty-sixth Regiment, N. C. T., Ransom's Brigade. He
entered the Confederate service on the i6thof May, 1862, as a private;
on the ioth of February, 1864, he was elected Lieutenant, and soon after-
wards was promoted to First Lieutenant by the examining board.
A classmate said of him in a notice of his death: "Few had more
brilliant prospects opening before them than Lieutenant Coggin.
During life there were few who received a greater share of the respect
and love of their countrymen than he." A Phi.

COOK, John Thomas, Warrenton, Warren co., N. C, b. October
2 3» 1837, son of Benjamin Edwards and Sally Hawkins, d. in Warrenton
June 16, 1863, of a wound in the leg received in the battle of Chancel-
lorsville, May 2, 1863. Matriculated 1856, class 1859; unmarried; a
lawyer, but at the time he enlisted in the army he was preparing himself
for the ministry of the Episcopal Church. Enlisted October 14, 1861,
in the " Warren Guards," Company F, Twelfth N. C. Regiment, R.
D. Johnston's Brigade ; promoted Sergeant Major of the regiment,
and was in the battles of Hanover C. H., Malvern Hill, Boonsboro,
Md., Cold Harbor, June 27, 1862, where he was wounded in the groin,
Antietam, besides numerous skirmishes. John F. Trumbull, Captain
of Company F, Twelfth Regiment, says of him : "I do most unhesi-
tatingly state that he was a gallant soldier. After his promotion he
performed the duties of his office promptly and faithfully in camp, and
on every battle-field where he appeared his chivalric bearing and
brave heart won the admiration of his comrades in arms." A Phi.

Daniel, Henry Rives, Bladen co., N. C, b. December 9, 1837, son
of John O. and Ann, d. of disease February 25, 1862. Matriculated
1856, class 1859; unmarried; a lawyer, practising at Elizabethtown.
Commissioned Second Lieutenant, Bladen Guards, Compauy K, Eigh-
teenth Regiment, July 20, 1861. His company was stationed at Fort
Fisher and was not engaged in battle before his death. A Phi.

Editor's Table.

The Centennial Commencement. — So

the Centennial Commencement is past. A
grand time, a glorious time, say all. But
why, why was not some action taken towards
endowing the University with money as well
as love ? The alumni came here expecting a
movement of the kind; they came prepared,
in several known instances, to give largely of
their wealth. But, somehow, nobody was
moved to begin. The authorities of the
University hung back by a mistaken delicacy
from proposing it; the alumni hesitated, and
so nothing was done. An opportunity was
lost which, it is to be feared, will never re-
turn. The grandest celebration in her his-
tory has come and gone, and still the Uni-
versity remains without a cent of permanent
endowment. Is it ever to be thus ? Will
there never be a time when the alumni will
come to the rescue ?

Gov, Fowle was tumultuously applauded
when he mentioned fifty thousand dollars
annually from the State. But have our peo-
ple not yet learned to expect nothing from
a North Carolina legislature ? Will our
Camerons, our Moreheads, our Carrs, our
Worths, — to say nothing of the scores of
moderately wealthy alumni, — men who love
their alma mater, and who count their riches
by hundreds of thousands, stand before the
doors of the General Assembly asking for
help, without contributing a cent themselves ?
It will be a shame, a burning shame upon us
if all the love and affection expressed in the
speeches at commencement be nothing but
talk. That thing, be it church, alma mater,
native town, society or what not, has but the
slenderest hold upon a man's affections which
produces fine sentimental talk, forsooth, but
leaves unloosed the strings of his purse.

Too Many Orations. — Sixteen orations
from the graduating class on Thursday are
almost unbearable. This is evidenced by
masses of people making a rush for the door
at the end of every oration. They stay out

awhile and then come back again ; then repeat
the process two or three times during the
course of the day. This is a troublesome
condition of things. It creates great confu-
sion in the rear end of the hall, and thereby
does injustice to the speaker. It affords the
marshals, too, much unnecessary trouble.
One of them told us that he had seated a cer-
tain lady three times already, and the ninth
speech was only just beginning.

To listen to twelve speeches one after
another, and even then to feel that you will
have to hear some more after dinner, discour-
ages one. His patience gives way, and the
result is that nobody listens to any of the
speeches. Sad, but true!

Let the Faculty, as in old times, have
Senior speaking before commencement, at
which everybody speaks, and select the speak-
ers then. Eight are amply enough, but if,
for any special reason, more are desired, let
ten be chosen, but never more. These eight
or ten will be listened to and the patience of
the audience will not be worn out.

Valedictory. — With this number the con-
nection of the present board of editors with
The University Magazine ceases. A
short time before commencement the new
editors were elected: from the Dialectic So-
ciety, Messrs. J. D. Bellamy, Jr., and T. M.
Lee; from the Philanthropic Society, Messrs.
C. A. Rankin and F. H. Batchelor.

During the past year we have edited the
Magazine entirely, of course, as a labor of
love. We have done our best to give a maga-
zine which should be both readable and of
real value. Many of the articles which have
appeared are of permanent historic worth.
Others, light in their character, were intended
as a sauce to weightier matter. In all that
we have written and published, we have been
actuated by the purest motives. If we have
caused offence in any quarter, we ask pardon
and express the hope that wrath with us will
not be visited upon our successors.

276

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

We part from our readers with regret,
assuring them of our sincerest thanks for the
kind words which they have spoken of us.
To their kind consideration we commend our
successors, in the most earnest hope that with
an increased patronage the number of issues

will be gradually increased, and that the
merits of the Magazine will become greater
continually, till the whole State shall recog-
nize it as pre-eminently the leading literary
and historical magazine of North Carolina.

University Record.

THE CENTENNIAL COMMENCE-
MENT.

Baccalaureate Sermon. — The sermon be-
fore the graduating class, preached by Bishop
W. W. Duncan, in Gerrard Hall, on Sunday,
June 2d, was heard with strong interest by a
large congregation. Matt. 20: 20-28, fur-
nished the hinge upon which the discourse
turned. It is safe and sufficient to say that
many of the Bishop's grand and yet simple
touches will never be forgotten by the class
of '89. He is a man of almost perfect phys-
ique and with that large-hearted and great-
minded expression that makes him what a
Bishop should be first of all,— the embodi-
ment of all that makes a man a man.

It is quite often the case thatbaccalaureate
sermons are eloquent and pleasing, and they
are also often deep, doctrinal, and logical,
but seldom do they have in them more true,
manly, practical, godly wisdom and sympathy
than did this. There were no services in the
different churches of the village and neigh-
borhood, and the people came in numbers
from distant communities.

On that evening Bishop Duncan preached
in the new Methodist church, that being the
first service ever held thete. As in the
morning, a very large number were gathered
together. After the service a call was made
for i 800.00 to complete the payment for the
building, and the amount was subcribed
without difficulty, which being tiansferied to

the proper hand, the church was formally
dedicated.

Bishop Duncan left on the Monday even-
ing train, being called off by his regular work.

Class Day. — On Tuesday morning the
regular class-day services took place in
Memorial Hall. Many visitors had come in,
so that the great hall was about half filled
and all the exercises were listened to with
apparent interest.

First came the Class Oration, by Chas. A.
Webb, of Warren county. Next the History,
by Geo. L. Wills, of Greensboro, disclosed
the following facts: There are, in the class of
twenty, six lawyers, three teachers, one
preacher, one physician, two missionaries,
one teacher or preacher, one farmer, and five
undecided.

Their average age is 22? years and their aver-
age weight i-jSMbs. Tennyson is the most pop-
ular poet, and the favorite amusement is ten-
nis. As to denominational preferences, there
are eight Methodists, five Baptists, five Pres-
byterians, one Friend, and one Episcopalian.

Their final graduation shows two maxima
and seven magna cum laudt distinctions,
which is a better showing than any class has
had since the reopening of the University in
iS75-

The Class Poem, by Hunter L. Harris, of
Granville county, was entitled Lucius and
Edward: — An imitation of the Idyls oj

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

277'

the King. It was a tale of college friendship
in the days of "the Blue and the Gray."

M. R. Eure, of Norfolk, Va., read the
Prophecies of the class, and showed that he
had well mastered the herculean task of
making out a horoscope for twenty men (with
the assistance of the gods, of course). After
a few words by the President, Logan D.
Howell, of Goldsboro, the whole class united
in singing the class song, written by Hunter
L. Harris :

CLASS SONG.
Air — " In the Gloaming."
Comrades, as we stand together
Here to take a last farewell,
Hope may spring and live forever,
Parting now comes like a knell.
Oft in fair and cloudy weather
At the call of book or bell
Have we toiled, or lounged together, —
Ah, the tale is hard to tell !

Well, four years is quite a season,

But how quickly it has passed !

Life is short, ah! that's the reason

Why eternity's so vast.

Now the slow revolving cycle
Once hath reached the hundred line,
There we've climbed to write the title
Of our class of EIGHTY-NINE.

College joys are ours no longer,

College trials too are o'er,

And our hearts should be the stronger

For the days that are no more.

If it be, when hours were golden,
We have oft unfaithful been,
It should all the more embolden
Us to labor and to win.

Comrades in the great hereafter,

When our youth has gone before,

Let the echo of its laughter

Thrill us ever more and more.

And from youth to old age growing,
Grow we too in sweet content,
May we reap the faithful sowing
Of a true life truly spent.

This exercise produced, as it always does,
a marked impression on singers and audience.
It is really a touching occasion to those who
for four years have stood together on the
same footing, and experienced very much the
same joys and sorrows. Only one who has
experienced it can realize this. So ended
the undergraduate meetings of the class
of '89.

Representative Speaking. — In the after-
noon of the same day a still larger audience
listened to the orations from the Represen-
tatives of the two Societies. We give the
programme :

G. H. Crowell, (Di), Stanly county,
" There shall be no Alps."

Frank H. Batchelor, (Phi), Raleigh^
" Forecasts."

W. W. Davies, jr., (Di), Drapersville,
Va., " Scepticism, False and True."

Fred. A. Green, (Phi), Durham, "The
Nineteenth Century."

H. A. Gilliam, jr., (Phi), Tarboro, " The
Mormon Question."

Edgar Love, (Di), Gastonia, — " Shall Wo-
men Vote?"

Mr. Crowell received the medal for the
best oration, upon the judgment of a com-
mittee of three, of which ex-Judge Mills L.
Eure, of Norfolk, Va., was chairman.

Society Reunions. — On Tuesday night,
as is the custom, the Phi and Di Societies
held reunions, at which many alumni mem-
bers had an opportunity of renewing their
acquaintance with the Society of their col-
lege days and its associations and memories.
The former members heartily enjoyed the
evening, spent in giving histories and remi-
niscences, and the present members shared
their pleasure to the fullest extent.

The Centennial Celebration. — Wednes-
day was the day set apart for the Centennial
celebration. The early morning was cloudy
and a little rain fell, but it was of little mo-
ment when everybody was enthusiastic and
bent on enjoying the occasion to the full.
Crowded trains had brought hundreds of

278

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

alumni and friends of the University from
every part of the country. Men of all ranks
of life, — public officials, lawyers, physicians,
ministers, merchants, farmers, manufactur-
ers, editors, — had come with one impulse to
the scene of their early college days. Men
were here who had not seen Chapel Hill in
thirty years and more. Delighted they were
to see their old comrades and renew the
friendships of their youth. It was charming;
to see them, calling each other by their col-
lege nicknames, telling stories of their sopho-
moric pranks; delightful to hear old gray-
bearded men talking with one another like
boys about "Old Bunk" and "Old Mike,"
and all the others of the worthy Faculty of
the olden time.

These men constitute the strength of the
University. It was a grand sign of the future
to see so many of them present at her cen-
tennial commencement ; to see such interest
and enthusiasm among them all. The occa-
sion strengthened the zeal of all, and im-
pelled everyone to labor henceforth with
gieater effoit for the advancement of their
alma mater.

It was intended that there should be an
historical address on Wednesday morning by
Senator Ransom, of '47, and all anticipated
a rare treat. But, two or three days before,
the distinguished Senator fell frum his horse
and fractured his arm. He telegraphed his
inexpressible regret, and ihe hundreds of
people anxious to hear him were forced to be
content with the speeches by the representa-
tives of the different dasses.

Memorial Hall was well filled — a thing
never before seen on Wednesday — when Col.
W. L. Steele, of '44, called the Alumni As>o-
ciation to order at a few minutes past eleven.
Seated upon therostrum wereGovernoi Fowle,
President Kemp P. Battle, Col. W. L. Steele,
Gen. T. L Clingman, Prof. Jas. II. Hor-
ner, Maj. S. M. Finger, Treasurer Donald
Bain, Hon. John Manning, Bishop Lyman,
Gen. R. Barringer, Dr. A. J. De Rosset,
Thos. W. Harriss, Dr. W. S. Stamps, Jos.
B. Batchelor, Esq., Maj. J. T. Moiehead,

Auditor Sanderlin, Dr. J. L. M. Curry,
ex-Minister to Spain, Prof. W. G. Brown, of
Washington and Lee University, C. A. Cook,
Esq., R. H. Smith, Esq., Chief Justice
Smith, Judges Davis and Avery, of the Su-
preme Court, Col. T. A. Kenan, Profs.
W. B. Burneyand F. C. Woodward, of South
Carolina University, Col. C. S. Venable, of
the University of Virginia, W. N. Mebane,
Esq., Judge Gilmer, President Taylor, of
Wake Forest College, Maj. John W. Gra-
ham, Col. L. C. Taylor, Col. Henry R.
Shorter, Dr. Eugene Grissom, Judge Shipp
and Col. Wm. Johnston. These, however,
were but a tithe of the distinguished men
who occupied seats among the audience.

Messrs. Henry A. London and Josephus
Daniels were elected Secretaries of the Alumni
Association.

Hon. John Manning made a statement of
the work of the Alumni committee, and
spoke of his delight to see alumni here from
Iowa to Florida.

The calling of the roll of the classes was
then begun. The first class called was that
of 1824. Dr. A. J. De Rosset appeared as
the sole surviving graduate. He was elected
Honorary President of the Association.

Hon. Paul C. Cameion responded for the
class of 1S27.

The venerable Giles Mebane spoke in
touching words for the class of '31.

Next came the class of 1832. Mr. Thos.
W. Harriss made an eioquent speech, bring-
ing tears to the eyes of numbers of his hear-
ers by his allusions to his classmates and their
advanced years.

Senator Thomas L. Clingman then gave
many laughable recollections of his youth, of
his amorous days, when he wrote poetry.
He dwelt especially upon the ladies and his
regard for them. Concluding, he gave a
picture of the great progress of North Caro-
lina and of the grandeur of its future.

Richard H. Smith was the third member
of '32 present.

The class of 1836 was represented by Dr. W.
S. Stamps, of Caswell, who spoke very briefly.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

279

The class of 1839 was not represented in
person, but a very feeling letter was read
from the Rev. Dr. Tarvis Buxton, of Asheville.

Col. Wm. Johnston spoke for the class of
1840 — Judge Shipp being also present, but
declining to speak.

Messrs. Stephen Graham and Chauncey W.
Graham, of the class of 1841, were present,
the former making a short talk. Dr. Charles
Phillips, so recently dead, came to the minds
of all when this, his class, was called.

Gen. Rufus Barringer spoke for his fellow
classmates of 1842. Dr. W. VV. Harriss, of
Wilmington, was also present, but did no
speaking.

Of the class of 1843, Judge R. P. Dick,
Rufus H. Jones, Esq., and Dr. John L. Wil-
liamson appeared. Judge Dick bore testi-
mony to the unusual excellence of his class.
There was not a mean man in it, said he.

Three men, Colonel Steel, and Messrs
James H. Horner, of Oxford, and A. G.
Jones, of Wake, stood up for the class of '44.
Colonel Steel remarked especially on the de-
votion of his class to the University, and
pledged it in an increased degree for the
future.

Jos. B. Batchelor, Esq., of Raleigh, and Dr.
L. Taylor were the only ones present of the
class of '45. Mr. Batchelor laughingly de-
clared that he intended to be present at the
next centennial in 1989.

Mr. Wm. A. Faison, of Sampson, arose
to represent the class of 1846, and then
Colonel Steele announced vhat as the classes
of 1879 and of 1868 had asked for special
time upon the programme, this would now be
accorded them.

The members of the class of '79 then
came upon the rostrum. There were pres-
ent : Dr. K. P. Battle, jr., Dr. R. B. Hen-
derson, Dr. J. M. Manning, Messrs J. S.
Manning and W. J. Peele, Rev. Robert
Strange, ex-Senators F. D. and Robert W.
Winston, and Dr. Isaac M. Taylor. Mr.
Peele, the President, called the class to
order. The Secretary called the roll, and
then Mr. F. D. Winston presented the
printed history of the class, a handsome

pamphlet, to President Battle. The latter
responded in a few words.

Mr. Peele, in a very appropriate and exquis-
itely expressed speech, presented the class
cup to James Horner Winston, son of Robert
W. Winston, being the first son born to any
member of the class. He declared that
though we are poor in North Carolina, we
need men more than money. " Make your
boy," said he, addressing the father, "to
hate sham, to take nothing but genuine suc-
cess, to love some great truth."

Mr. Winston then arose and responded in
an admirable speech, humorously proposing
that whichever member of the class shall
have his quiver fullest, should be exempt
from taxation and be awarded a golden cup.

Little James Horner then stood up, and in
a clear voice spoke his own words of thanks.
The picture of the little boy, dressed in Lord
Fauntleroy style, making his little speech
before that vast assemblage, was very pleas-
ing, and produced vociferous applause.

The class of '79 then retired, and that of
1868 took their places upon the rostrum, in
the persons of Col. Wm. H. S. Burgwyn,
Messrs. A. W. Graham, I. R. Strayhorn and
Thos. Watson, and Dr. George W. Thomas.

Colonel Burgwyn read the history of the
class. Eloquently, and at some length, he
spoke of the olden time, of what the college
bell would say, could it but speak, of the
merits of Swain and Phillips

This concluded the exercises of the morn-
ing, and the Association adjourned until the
dinner in Gerrard Hall, at three o'clock.
The hungry alumni lounged impatiently
around the chapel door for some little time
before admission could be obtained. But at
last the doors were opened and everybody
swarmed in and scrambled for seats. So
many more were present than were expected
that quite a number failed to find sitting
room at once. After grace by Bishop Lyman,
the company fell to work, and did ample
justice to the viands before them. When
knives and forks ceased to clatter, Colonel
Steele, still master of ceremonies — and a cap-

28o

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

ital one he made, too — announced the toasts,
which were responded to as follows :

TOASTS.

No. I. The State Congress at Halifax,
1776, and the General Assembly of 1789:
Response by his Excellency Daniel G.
Fowle.

No. 2. The Founders and Donors of the
University : Response by Hon. Kemp P.
Battle, President of the University.

No. 3. The General Assembly of 1875,
1881 and 1885: Response by Mr. W. N.
Mebane. Judge Strong was also to respond
to this toast but was detained at home by
sickness.

No. 4. The Site of the University : Re-
sponse by Mr. W. J. Peele.

No. 5. President Joseph Caldwell and the
Faculty and Trustees of his Administration:
Response by Hon. P. C. Cameron.

No. 6. President David L. Swain and the
Faculty and Trustees of his Administration:
Responses by Hon. R. P. Dick and Mr.
Thos. W. Mason.

No. 7. President Kemp P. Battle and the
Faculty and Trustees of his Administration:
Responses by Mr. A. H. Eller and Mr. R.
W. Winborne. *

No. 8. The Confederate Dead of the
University: Response by Col. Thomas S.
Kenan.

No. 9. The Alumni who have honored' the
State and Nation by their services, in Public
Life, at the Bar, on the Bench, in the Min-
istry or as Physicians. At the Bar: Response
by Hon. Jos. B. Batchelor. On the Bench :
Response by Hon. A. C. Avery. In the
Ministry : Response by Thos. E. Skinner,'
D. D. As Physicians : Response by George
G. Thomas, M. D.

No. 10. The Alumni who have promoted
Education, in Private or in Public Schools.
In Private Schools: Responses by Maj. Robt.
Bingham and Prof. Jas. H. Horner. In
Public Schools: Response by Mr. E. A.
Alderman.

No. 11. The Alumni who in private life
have advanced the prosperity of the State,

in Manufactures, Internal Improvements,
Trade and in Agriculture. In Manufac-
tures : Response by Mr. Julian S. Carr. In
Internal Improvements: Response by J.
Turner Morehead.

No. 12. The Dialectic and Philanthropic
Societies. The Dialectic Society : Response
by Mr. Jas. M. Leach, Jr. The Philanthro-
pic Society : Response by Mr. James
Thomas.

No. 13. Our Sister Universities: Responses
by Col. Chas. S. Venable, of the University
of Virginia, and Dr. Chas. E. Taylor, of
Wake Forest College.

No. 14. To George Peabody and others,
who, loving the South, have given of their
means to educate her children : Response by
J. L. M. Curry, LL. D.

No. 15. Our Guests : Responses by Henry
E. Shepherd, LL. D., of Charleston Col-
lege, and Prof. Crawford H. Toy, of Har-
vard University.

All these toasts were drank with the cold-
est of pure water. The sparkling cham-
pagne was conspicuous by its absence, or, as
was said by Mr. Evarts of one of President
Hayes's state dinners, "water flowed like
champagne."

All the speeches were good, some were
magnificent. As a whole, they were univer-
sally declared the finest ever heard in North
Carolina. It is needless to give an epitome
of them. They are all to be published in
pamphlet form at an early date.

At 9 o'clock, the roll-call of classes was
continued. Speeches were made as follows:

For the class of 1847, by Rev. Dr. Skin-
ner, of Raleigh; class of '48, by N. A. Ram-
sey, of Durham; class of '49, by Hon. Kemp
P. Battle, and W. E. Hill, of Duplin; class
of '50, by Hon. John Manning; class of '51,
by Peter E. Smith, of Halifax; class of '52,
by Dr. R. L. Beall; class of '53, by Hon.
Henry R. Shorter, of Alabama; class of '54,
by R. H. Battle; class of '55, by Rev. S. P.
Watters, of Morganton; class of '56, by A.
H. Merritt, of Chatham; class of '57, by
Col. T. S. Kenan, of Raleigh; class of '58,
by Thos. W. Mason, of Northampton; class

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

2br

of '59, by Judge M. L. Eure, of Norfolk; class
of '6o, by W. T. Allen; class of '61, by Hon.
Thos. D. Johnston, of Asheville; class of
'62, by Hon. Thos G. Skinner, of Hertford;
class of '63, by Rev. Dr. J. L. Carroll, of
Asheville; class of '64, by Wnu A. Guthrie,
of Durham; class of '65, by H. A. Lon-
don, of Chatham, who was the only repre-
sentative.

It was nearly 12 o'clock, and the Associa-
tion, after adopting the following resolution,
offered by Mr. W. J. Peele, adjourned:

Resolved, By this Association of Alumni,
that a committee of twelve, with Col. W. L.
Saunders as chairman, be appointed by the
Chairman to report to the next meeting of
the Alumni a plan for establishing a Chair of
History at this University.

The following list of Alumni present on
Wednesday is published here, though not at
all complete:

1824.
Armand J. De Rosset, Wilmington.

1827.
Paul C. Cameron, Raleigh.

' 1831.

Giles Mebane, Milton.

1832.
Thomas L. Clingman, Asheville,
Thomas W. Harriss, Panacea Springs,
Richard H. Smith, Scotland Neck.

1836.
William L. Stamps, Milton.

1840.
William Johnston, Charlotte,
William M. Shipp, Charlotte.

1841.
Stephen Graham, Kenansville.

1842.
Rufus Barringer, Charlotte,
William W. Harriss, Wilmington.

1843.
Robert P. Dick, Greensboro,
Rufus H. Jones, Cary,
John L. Williamson, Caswell county.

3

1844.

James H. Horner, Oxford,
Walter L. Steele, Rockingham,
Adolphus G. Jones, Cary.

1845.
Joseph B. Batchelor, Raleigh,
Leonidas Taylor, Oxford.

1846.
William A. Faison, Warsaw,
William B. Meares, Wilmington.

1847.
Thomas E. Skinner, Raleigh,
Thomas Webb, Hillsboro.

1848.
Nathan A. Ramsey, Durham.

1849.
Kemp P. Battle, Chapel Hill,
William E. Hill, Faison,
Peter E. Hines, Raleigh,
B. W. Whitfield, Demopolis, Ala.

1850.
James F. Cain, Durham,
Joseph J. Davis, Louisburg,
John W. Lewis, Milton_
John Manning, Chapel Hill.

1851.
Peter E. Smith, Jamesville.

1852.
Robert. L. Beall, Lenoir,
George A. Brett, Lotta,
John R. Hutchins, Chapel Hill,
Richard H. Lewis, Kinston.

1853-
Baldy A. Capehart, Kittrell,
Alexander Mclver, Pittsboro,
John L. Morehead, Charlotte,
Henry R. Shorter, Eufaula, Ala,
John D. Taylor, Wilmington,
David G. Worth, Wilmington.

1854-
Richard H. Battle, Raleigh,
E. Hayne Davis, Statesville,
John M. Galloway, Madison,
Robert B. Johnston, Asheville,
Oscar R. Rand, Smithfield,

282

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

William L. Saunders, Raleigh,
John D. Shaw, Rockingham,
William H. Thompson, Clinton,
William R. Wetmore, Lincolnton.

1355-
Nathaniel A. Boyden, Forsyth county,
Matthew S. Davis, Louisburg,
William J. Love, Wilmington,
Samuel Paxson Watters, Morganton.

1856.
W, F. Alderman, Greensboro,
William H. Burwel!, Manson,
Clement Dowd, Charlotte,
Abraham H. Merritt, Pit^boro,
Benjamin R. Moore, Wilmington.

1857-
Alphonso C. Avery, Morganton
Robert Bingham, Bingham School,
Daniel M. Graham, Fayetteville,
John W. Graham, Hillsboro,
Thomas S. Kenan, Raleigh,
John M. Lawing, Mecklenburg county,
William H. Williams, Warsaw.

1858.
Lewis Hilliard, Norfolk, Va. ,
John A. Gilmer, Greensboro,
Francis M. Johnson, Farmington,
Thomas W. Mason, Garysburg,
J. F. Miller, Goldsboro,
James T. Morehead, Greensboro,
James A. Walker, Wilmington.

1859.
Mills L Eure, Norfolk, Va.,
John M. Fleming, Raleigh,
Simmons H. Isler, Goldsboro
Daniel P. McEachern, Mill Prong,
Marshall H. Pinnix, Lexington,
James P. Taylor, Columbia, Texas,
Elijah B. Withers, Danville, Va.

i860.
W. T. Allen, Oxford,
Algernon S. Barbee, Chapel Hill,
William H. Borden, Goldsboro,
Edward J. Hardin, Raleigh,
Robert P. Howell, Goldsboro.

1861.
Calvin Barnes, Wilson,
Edmund G. Brodie, Henderson,

George B. Bullock, Warren county,
John D. Cunie, Clarkion,
Thomas D. Johnston, Asheville,
James G. Kenan, Kenansville,
James T. Morehead, Leaksville,
James Parker, Gatesville,
Joshua G. Wright, Wilmington.

1862.
Marsden Bellamy, Wilmington,
Joseph A. Haywood, Raleigh,
Thomas G. Skinner, Hertford
Henry C. Wall. Rockingham.

1863.
John L. Carroll, Asheville,
William N. Mebane, Wemworth,
Warner M. Watkins, Milton.

1864.
Albert M. Boozer, Columbia, S. C,
Walter M. Clark, Raleigh,
William A. Guthrie, Durham,
William R. Kenan, Wilmington,
Octavius A. Wiggins, Wilmington.

1S65.
Henry A. London, Pittsboro.

1866.
Julian S. Carr, Durham.

186S.
W r illiam H. S. Burgwyn, Henderson,
A. W T . Graham, Oxford,
Isaac R. Strayhorn, Hillsboro,
George G, Thomas, Wilmington,
Charles E. Watson, Durham.

1869.
Alexander Graham, Charlotte,
William E. Murchison, Jonesboro,
Piatt D. Walker, Charlotte,
Joseph C. Webb, Hillsboro.

1870.
Charles A. Cook. Warrenton,
Richard H. Lewis, Raleigh,
George T. Winston, Chapel Hill.

1871.
James T. Crocker, Asheboro,
Fred. A. Olds, Raleigh.

1878.
Charles C. Covington, Wilmington,
II. T. Watkins, Henderson.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

283

i8 7 g.
John C. Angier, Durham,
Kemp P. Battle, Jr., Raleigh,
Frank K. Borden, Goldsboro,
Richard B. Henderson, Wilton,
James S. Manning, Durham,
John M. Manning. Durham,
W.J. Peele, Raleigh,
David C. Stanback, Richmond county,
Robert Strange, Wilmington,
Isaac M. Taylor, Morganton,
Robert W. Winston, Oxford,
Francis D. Winston, Windsor.

1880.
Thomas H. Battle, Rocky Mount,
Thomas C. Brooks, Daysville,
Locke Craig, Asheville.

1881.
William J. Adams, Carthage,
Herbert B. Battle, Raleigh,
Frank B. Dancy, Raleigh,
Alfred D. Jones, Raleigh,
James M. Leach, Washington, D. C,
Charles D. Mclver, Raleigh,
John A. Mclver, Jonesboro,
James D. Murphy, Greenville,
Walter E. Phillips, Battleboro,
James H. Southgate, Durham,
Leroy Springs, Lancaster, S. C,
John M. Walker, Charlotte,
R. W. Winborne, Murfreesboro.

1S82.
E. A. Alderman, Goldsboro,
Thomas J. Gill, Laurinburg,
Albert S. Grandy, Oxford,
James G. Hunt, Oxford,
Alex. W. McAlister, Asheboro,
Duncan E. Mclver, Sanford.

1883.
David S. Cowan, Henderson,
John McC. Dick, Greensboro,
Robert P. Gray, Greensboro,
Edward C. Smith, Raleigh.

1884.
S. M. Gattis, Hillsboro,
James Lee Love, Chapel Hill,

H. J. Overman, Salisbury,

Wra, G. Randall, McKinney, Texas,

Frank S. Spruill, Louisburg. -

1885,
Josephus Daniels, Raleigh,
Adolphus H. Eller, Winston,
Oscar B. Eaton, Mocksville,
Alexander J. Field, Oxford,
Augustus W. Long, Spartanburg, S. C.
Berrie C. Mclver, Goldsboro,
R. S. Neal, Scotland Neck,
John U. Newman, Graham,
Alfred D. W r ard, Kenansville,
Sol. C. Weill, Wilmington.

1886.
William H. Carroll, Burlington,
Charles T. Grandy, Raleigh,
Luther B. Grandy, Oxford,
Samuel S. Jackson, Pittsboro,
Herbert W. Jackson, Raleigh,
Frank M. Little, Washington, D. C,
William P. McGehee, Raleigh,
Pierre B. Manning, Wilmington,
John M. Morehead, Charlotte,
H. W. Rice, Richmond, Va.,
Robert L. Strowd, Chapel Hill,
John F. Schenck, Shelby,
James Thomas, New Berne,
Robert L. Uzzell, Roanoke, Va.,
Stephen B. Weeks, Chapel Hill,
Paul Wilkes, Charlotte.

1887.
Robert. T. Burwell, Raleigh,
Robert G. Grissom, Raleigh,
Richard N. Hackett, Wilkesboro,
Jacob C. Johnson, Johnson's Mills,
Vernon W. Long, Winston,
William H. McDonald, Charlotte, ,
John F. Mclver, Winder,
Joseph A. Morris, Wilton,
Albert M. Simmons, Fairfield,
William S. Wilkinson, Enfield.

1888.
Oliver D. Batchelor, Nashville,
William Jas. Battle, Chapel Hill,
Hayne Davis, Statesville,
L. B. Edwards, Winston,

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THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

James L. Foster, Raleigh,

Frank M. Harper, Raleigh,

William E. Headen, Pittsboro,

St. Clair Hester, Raleigh,

R. L. Holt, Burlinglon,

William M. Little, Statesville,

Julius C. Martin, Creswell,

Malvern H. Palmer, Warren county,

Benoni Thorp, Raleigh,

Eugene P. Withers, Danville, Va.
1889.

Caleb G. Cates, Rock Spring,

Herbert Clement, Mocksville,

Daniel J. Currie, Stewart's,

Walter M. Curtis, Franklinsville,

James E. B. Davis, Pikeville,

Mills R. Eure,' Norfolk, Va.,

Walter M. Hammond, Archdale,

Hunter L. Harris, Raleigh,

John S. Hill, Faison,

Logan D. Howell, Goldsboro,

Lacy L. Little, Little's Mills,

Thomas L. Moore, Greenville, S. C,

William S v Roberson, Chapel Hill,

A. A. F. Seawell, Jonesboro,

Alexander Stronach, Raleigh,

Clinton L. Toms, Hertford,

Charles A. Webb, Warren Plains,

George S. Wills, Greensboro,

William A. Wilson, Sutherland,

Henry G. Wood, Edenton.

Delegates from other Universities and Col-
leges were present, as follows :

University of Virginia, Prof. C. S. Ven-
able; Washington and Lee University, Prof.
W. G. Brown ; University of South Carolina
Profs. W. B. Burney and F. C. Woodward ;
Wake Forest College, President C. E. Tay-
lor ; Harvard University, Prof. C. H. Toy ;
Wofford College, Prof. A. W. Long; Charles-
ton College, President H. E. Shepherd.

President D. ('. Gilrmn, of Johns Hop-
kins University, was prevented at the last
moment from attending. Chief Justice W.
N. H. Smith, of Yale '34, was commissioned
to represent Yale University; Prof. G. T.
Winston, of Cornell '74, to represent Cor-

nell University; and Dr. J. L. M. Curry, to
represent Richmond College.

With Wednesday's proceedings the Cen-
tennial exercises proper were concluded.
Next day was commencement day, when all
were to come in to hear the boys make their
orations. But before the morrow could
come, the young people repaired to the gym-
nasium, to tread the mazy figures of the ger-
man till far into the night. Superb ballroom
decorations, elegant music and perfect be-
havior on the part of all, students and visi-
tors, combined to afford the beautiful daugh-
ters of Carolina and her gallant sons a de-
lightful night, which will ever remain a
charming memory in the lives of all.

Commencement Day. — Thursday dawned
clear and cool. Hundreds of people came in
from the country in vehicles of all shapes and
fashions. Fastening their horses to the trees
in the rear of Memorial Hall and the South
Building, the people poured in streams into
the great Hall. By eleven there was within
a crowd of over two thousand people, and
outside almost as many. Chief-Marshal Mc-
Iver and his two sub-Marshals with their
four assistant-subs piloted the incoming
crowds to seals with great politeness. An
inspiring sight it was to see that great edifice
crowded with expectant listeners. Proud
fathers and anxious mothers, with number-
less relatives and friends, were there to hear
their darling boy deliver his graduating
speech. Of course he was going to get the
Mangum medal. But alas, only one medal
was to be given, only one boy made happy!
Speech after speech was delivered, until at
last the wearied listeners could stand no more.
A recess for dinner was had after the eleventh
oration. The fact of the matter is that there
were too many speeches. Ten at most, and
preferably eight, would be a suitable number.
As it was, at the conclusion of every one,
crowds of people would rush out of the im-
mense doors, until one on the outside would
think nobody was left within. Yet there was
no perceptible diminution of the numbers in

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

285

the Hall. The audience being really so
large, and the seats in the Hall so peculiarly
arranged, there was the effect of a full house
throughout the whole morning.

Of course everybody had a good dinner, and
came back at four to hear the remaining ora-
tions. Five speeches, the last the valedictory,
were delivered, and then came the awarding
of prizes, diplomas, etc.

The programme of the orations, was as
follows :,

Walter M. Curtis, Franklinsville, N. C,
"The Three Kingdoms."

Alexander Stronach, Raleigh, N. C, "In-
dividuality."

A. A. F. Seawell, Jonesboro, N. C,
" The Ethics of Toil."

John Sprunt Hill, Faison, N. C, 'National
Moderation." The Philosophical Oration.

George S. Wills, Greensboro, N. C., "A
Reformer Before the Reformation."

M. R. Eure, Norfolk, Va., " The Dark
Problem."

H. G. Wood, Edenton, N. C., "Our
Foreign Element."

C.W.Toms, Hertford, N. C, "Moral
Epidemics."

J. E. B. Davis, Wayne Co., N. C,
Modern Cynicism."

W. M. Hammond, Archdale, N. C, "The
Better Half."

Logan Douglass Howell, Goldsboro, N.
C, " The Novel as the Mirror of Modern
Life."

Caleb Gilmer Gates, Rock Spring, N. C,
" Developed Manhood."

Chas. A. Webb, Warren Co., N. C,
" The Buddhas of Mankind." The Classi-
cal Oration.

W. A. Wilson, Sutherland, N. C, "Phi-
losophy and Progress."

Hunter L. Harris, Granville Co., N. C,
"An Unconscious Slavery." The Scientific
Oration.

Daniel J Currie, Stewart's, N. C, " Grit."
Valedictory.

On the conclusion of the valedictory, Pres-
ident Battle read the list of theses required of

those not wishing to speak, but not required
to be read on this occasion. Doubtless there
was many a one in the audience who devoutly
wished that more of the Seniors had "elected
not to speak." Sixteen speeches almost wore
people's patience out. The list of theses
was as follows :

Herbert Clement, Mocksville, N. C,
"The Test of Progress."

Lacy L. Little, Little's Mills, N. C,
"Equilibrium."

Thomas Lake Moore, Greenville, S. C,
"The Star in the East."

W. S. Roberson, Chapel Hill, N. C,
"The, Historic Relation and Results of
Puritanism."

After this, came the annual report, read in
his usual clear, rapid manner by Professor
Gore. The following are the honor roll and
the list of honor grades :

HONOR ROLL.

Buiej and Cuninggim were never absent
from prayers or recitations during the session.

Andrews, Burroughs, Connor, Fleming,
Hunter, Jimeson, Mebane, Merritt, Thomp-
son, J. M. Willcox and J. R. Williams were
never absent from prayers; Harvey and J.
Worth absent only once; J. G. Blount and
Scales, three times.

honor grades. — (Term ending Dec, 1888.)

Political Economy — Stronach and Hill, 98;
Little and Seawell, 95; Wills, 93; J. Davis,
92: Roberson, 91; D. Currie, L. Howell and
Webb, 90.

Business Law — Branch, 93.
Junior Greek — Rankin, 97^.

Sophomore Greek — Cuninggim, 97 }£;
Batchelor, 97.3; Bryan, 93.8; J. W, Graham
and Mangum, 91^; Bingham, 91.3.

Freshman Greek — Mebane, 99; Robbins,
95.4; Scales, 95^; R. Davis, 95; Clark, 93;
F. Willcox, 91.7: R. P. Johnston, 91. 2;
Connor, 91.

Trigonometry — R. P. Johnston, 99; Cun-
inggim, 96; J. V. Lewis, 95; Batchelor, 90.

Calculus — G. Howell, 96; Shaw, 93.

Algebra — T. R. Foust, 99^; Harvey, 97^;

286

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

Hunter and Mebane, 97; Robbins, 96; Keech,
95; G. Graham, 94; R. Davis and Rollins,
92; Ferguson and F. Willcox, 90.

Essays — Seavvell, 99; D. J. Currie and
Hill, 98; Webb, 97^; Wills, 96; Curtis and
Stronach, 95; Davis, Harris and Little, 94;
Hammond, 90.

Anglo-Saxon (Second Year) — Wills, 96.

Anglo-Saxon (First Year) — Howell, L. D.,
97; Hammond, 92.

Fourth English — Hill and Wills, 99; Cur-
tis, Davis, J., and Webb, 98; Stronach, 97;
Harris, Little and Moore, 96; Seawell, 95;
Currie, D. J., 94; Wood, 93; Hammond, 91;
Clement, 90.

Third English — Mclver, 98; Rankin, 97;
Shaw, 96; Taylor, J. S., 95; Graham, J. W.,
94; Philips, 91; Battle, Bellamy, J. D.,
Foust, J. L, and Woodard, 90.

Second English — Batchelor, Hendren, R.
P. Johnston and Patterson, 98; Bingham and
Ransom, 97; Bryan, Darden and Whitaker,
96: Blount, J. G., and Cunninggim, 94; G.
Graham, 93; Andrews, 92; R. Bellamy, Bras-
well, J. S. Lewis, 90.

First English — Clark, Keech and Scales,
95; Hunter and Mebane, 94; Davis, R., Led-
better and R. Urquhart, 93; Robbins, 92;
Harvey, Rollins and J. S. Worth, 91; T. R.
Foust, R. H. Johnston and F. L, Willcox, 90.

First French — D. J. Currie, 99^; J. E. B.
Davis, 99; W. J. Battle, 98^; Hunter, 98;
J. D. Bellamy, 97^: Mclver and Shaw, 97;
Rankin, 96; Miller, 95; Keech, 94; Wilson,
93; J. W. Graham, McKethan, Ross and
Vaughn, 92; Love and Phillips, 91.

Second French — Little, 97; D. J. Currie and
J. V. Lewis, 96; L. D. Howell, 93; Ransom,
92; Curtis, 90.

First German — T. R. Foust, Harvey, Hill,
Patterson and Ransom, 99; Eure, 98; J. D.
Bellamy, 97; Darden, Hodges, Vaughn and
Wills, 95; Phillips. 94; Dunn, 91; Busbee and
Toms, 90.

General Chemistry — Batchelor, 97; Patter-
son, 93; Spoon and Vaughn, 92; Andrews, 91;
R.P.Johnston, Morehead and Ransom, 90.

Qualitative Analysis — Battle and McKc-

than, 100; Braswell, Holliday, Laughing-
house and Miller, 96; Eason, 95; J. Blount,
Carson, F. Covington and B. Green, 93; Rod-
man and Roberson, 90.

Industrial Chemistry — Shaflner, 94; G.
Battle, 92; Harris, 90.

First Latin — Mebane, 97; Clark, 95 j£;
Connor and R. Davis, 93; Robbins, 92; Skin-
ner, 91 ; Scales, 90.

Second Latin — Bingham, Darden, G. Gra-
ham, Hendren, Ransom and Whitaker, 94;
Batchelor, J. G. Blount, P. Graham, R. P.
Johnston and G. Worth, 93; Cuninggim,
92; Ashe, Bryan and Patterson, 90.

Third Latin — Mclver, 99; J. W. Graham,
92; J. S. Taylor, 90.

Logic — Mclver and Shaw, 98; Lee, Love,
McKethan, Phillips and Woodard, 97; G.
Battle, Braswell, J. D. Bellamy and Rankin,
96; Miller, 95^; J. I. Foust, Philbeck and
Smith, 95; Snipes, 94^; Davies, Shaflner
and Taylor, 93; J. W. Graham, 91.

History oj Philosophy — Curtis, Hill,
Moore, Sapp, Toms, 98.

Biological Laboratory — Harris and Rober-
son, 99; J. G. Blount, Braswell, Carson and
G. C. Worth, 95; McKethan and Murphy. 90.

Physiology — Roberson, 98; J. G. Blount
and Worth, 97; J. D. Bellamy, 96; Rollins,
93; Carson, Clement, J. I. Foust and Wood-
ard, 92; Love, 91.

Mineralogy — G. Battle and J. V. Lewis,
96; Miller, 93; Braswell and Woodard, 92;
Love, 90.

Physics (Sophomore Class) — Spoon, 98;
Morehead, 95.

Physics (Junior Class) — Shaw, 98^; G.
Howell, 98; Mclver, 97; Miller, 93^3; J. 1.
Foust, 92; J. D. Bellamy, 90.

Surveying — L. D. Howell and Shaw, 99;
J. I. Foust, G. Howell and Seawell, 9S; Mil-
ler and Shaflner, 95; Phillips, 92.

Astronomy — Seaweil, <.)~ z i\ Hill. 97; D. J.
Currie, 93; Webb, 92 3 ,: Stronach 92; Cur-
tis, 90.
Honor Grades — (Term ending June 6. '89.)

Constitutional and International Law —
Stronach, 100; Hill, 97; Little, 95; L. D.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

287

Howell, Miller, Webb and Wills, 94; D. J.
Currie, 92; Roberson, Seawell and Wood-
ard, 90.

Constitutional History — McKethan, 95;
Holland, Love and Moore, 94; Petty, 92.

Moral Science — D. J. Currie, Hill and
Stronach, 100; Roberson, 99^; Curtis^, L.
Dl Howell, Little, Webb and Wills, 99;
Hammond and Seawell, 98^; Braswell,
Davis and Moore, 98; F. Covington and
Wood, 97^; Clement, Eure, Sapp, Toms, 97;

First English — Scales, 97; Mebane, 96;
Bennett, C. D., Connor, Davis, R., Keech,
Rollins and Winborne, 95; T. Foust, Har-
vey and Ledbetter, 93; Gatling, Hunter and
Robbins, 92; Everett, 91; Carson and R.
Urquhart, 90.

Second English — J. G. Blount, Hendren
and Patterson, 98; G. Graham, 97; Batchelor,
96; Cuninggim, Darden and Fleming, 95;
Bingham, Ransom and G. Worth, 93; Lewis,
J. S. , 92; Lewis, J. V., 91; Andrews, Bryan,
Mangum and Morchead, 90.

Third English — Mclver, 98^; Shaw, 98;
J. I. Foust and J. W. Graham, 96^; J.J}.
Bellamy and Phillips, 93; Woodard, 92; G.
Battle and Holland, go.

Fourth English— Wills, 99; Hill, 98^; D.
J. Currie, 97 %\ Seawell, Stronach and
Webb, 97; J. Davis, qb%; Curtis and Har-
ris, 95; Little, 94; Hammond, 92.

Essays — Seawell, 99^; D. J. Currie, Hill
and Webb, 98^; Wills, 97; Curtis, J. Davis
and Stronach, 96; Little, 95; Harris, 94;
Hammond, 91; Clement and Wood, 90.

Anglo-Saxon (First Year) — L. D. Howell,
97; Hammond, 96.

Anglo Saxon (Second Year) — Wilis, 98.

Freshman Latin — Mebane, 99; Connor,
97; R. Davis, Robbins and Scales, 96; Clark,
94/4\ Winborne, 94; Harvey, Johnston and
Rollins, 90.

Sophomore Latin — Bingham, G. Graham
and Hendren, 93; J. Blount, Bryan and
Whitaker, 92; Darden and Ransom, 91;
Batchelor, Cuninggim, Dahymple, P. Gra-
ham, Patterson and G. Worth, 90.

Third Latin — Mclver, 96; Taylor, 92;
J. W. Graham, 91.

Freshman Greek — Mebane, 99.3; R. Davis,
98.7; Scales, 98; Robbins and Winborne,
96.7; F. Willcox, 96; Connor, 93.7; Clark,
93.3; Buie, 93; De Vane, 91; Ledbetter and
Shannonhouse, 90.

Sophomore Greek — Cuninggim, 97; Batch-
elor, 96.3; Bryan, 92; Dalrymple, 91; J. Gra-
ham, 90.

Freshman Mathematics — R. Davis, T.
Foust, Hunter and Mebane, 97; Winborne,
96; Harvey, Ledbetter and Scales, 93; G.
Graham, Rollins and F. Willcox, 92; Keech,
90.

Sophotnore Mathematics — Cuninggim and
J. V. Lewis, 95; De Vane, 93; G. Graham,
P. Graham and Patterson, 92; Batchelor and
Spoon, 91.

Calculus — G. Howell, 97; Shaw, 96^.

First German — Harvey and Hill, 97; J. D.
Bellamy, T. Foust and Ransom, 95; Patter-
son, 93; Eure, Phillips, Toms and J. E. B.
Davis, 92.

First French — J t . Davis, 98; W. Battle and
Mclver, 97; Carson, Shaw and Thompson,
96; Hunter, 95; J. D. Bellamy and Ross,
93; Keech, 92; I. W. Graham, Miller, Phil-
ips and Vaughn, 91.

Second French — D. J. Currie and J. V.
Lewis, 97; Little, 93; L. Howell and Ran-
som, 92.

General Chemistry — Batchelor, 97; J.
Blount, 96; J. S. Lewis and Ransom, 95;
Bryan, 94; Patterson, 92; Morehead and
Sapp, 90,

Lndustrial Chemistry — Shaffner, 97; Bras-
well and Stronach, 94; Battle and Miller, 92;
Harris and Wood, 90.

Zoology — J. G. Blount, 99; J. D. Bellamy,
98; F. Covington, 94; G. Currie, Love and
G. Worth, 93; Pearsall, 90.

Botany — J. G. Blount, 98; J. D. Bellamy,
97; Seaweil, 95; Love, 94; G. Currie and
Keech, 92; Merritt, 91; G. Worth, 90.

Biological Laboratory — Harris, 98; Hill
97; Hammond, 95; Little, 93; Curtis and
Seawell, 90.

Advanced Mineralogy — G. Battle, Bras-
well, Harris and Woodard. 95.

History — Mebane and Scales, 99; Win-

288

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

borne, 98; Clark, 97^; C. Bennett, Connor,
R. Davis, Harvey and Robbins, 96; T. Foust,
95; Hunter and Rollins, 94^; J. Willcox,
94; R. H. Johnston, Ledbetter and R.
Urquhart, 93; Koss and F. Willcox, 92;
Murphy and Simmons, 91; Buie, Gatling,
Keech, Shannonhouse and Sherrod. 90.

Physics (Sophomore Class) — Spoon, 98^;
Vaughn, 97.

Physics (Junior Class) — J. I. Foust, 98;
Shaw. 97%; Mclver, 95%; J. D. Bellamy,
93^; Miller, 93; Philips, 90.

Projection Drawing — Shaw, 9S; J. I.
Foust, 94; Seawell. 93; Shaffner, 90.

Mechanics — D. J. Currie, 99; J. I. Foust,

PRIZES AND MEDALS.

Now came the most interesting part of the
day, the awarding of prizes.

The Greek prize, offered to the member of
the Sophomore class who presents the best
rendering into English of passages not pre-
viously read, was divided between Messrs.
Shepard Bryan, of New Berne, and Palmer
Dalryrnple, of Jonesboro.

The Mathematical prize, to the best stu-
dent above a certain grade in the Junior
Mathematical class, was awarded to Mr.
George P. Howell, of Goldsboro.

The Representative Medal was adjudged
due to Mr. George H. Crowell, of Stanly
county.

The Mangum Medal was awarded to Mr.
Charles Aurelius Webb, of Warren county.

Special certificates were granted as follows:

TWO years' teacher's course.

J. E. B. Davis, Wayne county,
J. E. Jimeson, Mitchell county.

LATIN.

John W. Graham, Moore county,
A. A. F. Seawell, Moore county.

MATHEMATICS.
D. J. Currie, Richmond county,
G. P. Howell, Goldsboro.

ENGLISH.

George S. Wills, Greensboro.

A. Stronach, Raleigh,

C. W. Toms, Hertford,
George S. Wills, Greensboro.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.

D. J. Currie, Richmond county.

GRADUATES.
CLASSICAL COURSE (A.B.).

Clement, Herbert (cum laude), Mocksville.

Currie, Daniel Johnson (maxima cum
laude), Stewart's.

Eure, Mills Roberts, Norfolk, Va.

Howell, Logan Douglass (magna cum
laude), Goldsboro.

Little, Lacy LeGrand (magna cum laude),
Little's Mills.

Roberson, William Stone (cum laude),
Chapel Hill.

Webb, Charles Aurelius (magna cum laude)
Warren Plains.

Wilson, William Albert, Sutherland.

PHILOSOPHICAL COURSE (PH.B.).

Cates, Caleb Gilmer, Rock Springs.

Curtis, Walter Makepeace (magna cum
laude), Fianklinsville.

Davis, James E. B. (cum laude), Pikeville.

Hammond, Walter Monroe (cum laude),
Archdale.

Hill, John Sprunt (maxima cum laude),
Faison.

Moore, Thomas Lake (cum laude), Green-
ville, S. C.

Seawell, Aaron A. F., Jr., (cum laude),
Jonesboro.

Stronach, Alexander (magna cum laude),
Raleigh.

Toms, Clinton White (cum laude), Hert-
ford.

Wills, George Stockton (magna cum laude),
Greensboro.

Wood, Henry Gilliam (cum laude). Eden-
ton.

SCIENTIFIC COURSE (U.S.).

Harris, Hunter Lee (magna cum laude),
Raleigh.

UNIVERSITY RECORD.

289

HONORS OF THE CLASS.

Currie, Daniel Johnson, Valedictorian.

Hill, John Sprunt, Philosophical Oration.

Webb, Charles Aurelius, Classical ^Oration.

Harris, Hunter Lee, Scientific Oration.

On delivering the diplomas. Governor
Fowle made a very neat speech, declaring
that he would use his best efforts to induce
the next Legislature to appropriate fifty thou-
sand dollars annualiy to the University.

The diploma conferring the degree of Mas-
ter of Arts was then given to the only candi-
date therefor at this commencement, William
James Battle, Chapel Hill.

The following honorary degrees were then
conferred:

DOCTORS OF LETTERS (LITT.D.).

President John F. Crowell, Trinity College,
North Carolina.

President Charles E. Taylor, Wake Forest
College, North Carolina.

Prof. F. C. Woodward, University of
South Carolina.

DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY (PH.D.).

Prof. W. B. Burney, University of South
Carolina.

Prof. W. G. Brown, Washington and Lee
University.

DOCTORS OF LAWS (LL.D.)

Hon. Daniel G. Fowle, Governor of North
Carolina.

Hon. A. C. Avery, Judge of the Supreme
Court.

Hon. James E. Shepherd, Judge of the
Supreme Court.

Dr. E. Burke Haywood, Raleigh.

Hon. William L. Saunders, Secretary of
State.

Hon. Alfred M. Scales, ex-Governor of
North Carolina.

Hon. Paul C. Cameron, Hillsboro.

Hon. George V. Strong, Raleigh.

President Daniel C. Gilman, Johns Hop-
kins University.

Prof. Charles S. Venable, University of
Virginia.

Prof. Crawford H. Toy, Harvard Univer-
sity.

Prof. William J. Martin, Davidson College.

Prof. William" Royall, D.D., Wake Forest
College.

The class of '89 then stood together for the
last time and sung their class song, composed
by one of its members. Very affecting was
that final moment, which brought tears to
the eyes of most present.

A stanza of a hymn, the doxology, and the
end was come. The alumni reception and
the ball alone remained of the commence-
ment of 1889.

The Reception and Ball. — Beginning at
nine o'clock, the reception in the Library,
Smith Hall, lasted till eleven. The affair
was thoroughly enjoyable, well managed and
with very nice refreshments. To the un-
wearying exertions of Professor Toy, the
success of the occasion may be said to be
largely due.

Of '.he ball, it is needless to speak at
length. The ball-room was crowded with
the fairest daughters of Carolina, unexcelled
for beauty of face and grace of figure. Long
did the dancing continue, till the bright day
peeping through the windows warned the
dancers that the end was at hand. Soon the
soft strains of " Home, Sweet Home " were
heard, and all was over.

All honor is due to the managers who con-
ducted the series of three dances to such a suc-
cessful conclusion. Not a drunken person was
seen within the ball-room during the whole
of commencement; not an instance was there
during the whole time of unseemly conduct on
the part of anybody at the dances. Let the
scoffers, who see the broad gate of hell in the
entrance to the brilliantly lighted ball-room,
attend a commencement ball, and they will
cease their mad cries. They speak whereof
they know not. Far less are the evils result-
ing from dances like ours, than from prom-
enading in single couples through the by-paths
of a dark campus grove, or from sitting un-
seen in dark corners of hall or library.

The fortunate girls who on Thursday night

290

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE.

received rosettes or regalias were: Miss Tamar
Manning, who received the rosette of Chief
Ball-manager Gaston Battle; Miss Mildred
Badge, that of Mr. Philips; Miss Simms,
that of Mr. Branch; Miss Helen McVea,
those of Messrs. Staton and Lee; Miss
Bessie Tucker, that of Mr. Williams; Miss
Mary Boyd, that of Mr. Vaughn. The Chief
Marshal, Mr. Alex. Mclver, Jr., presented
his regalia to Miss McDuffie, of Fayetteville.

Of the recipients of the regalias and
rosettes of the sub-marshals and assistant
subs we are uninformed.

So ended the centennial commencement.
A grand success, was the verdict of all. The
only blemish, the painting of the monument
to Dr. Caldwell, was almost overlooked in
the general good feeling. Alumni and friends,
all left the Hill with a large accession ot love
and zeal for the University.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

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ADVERTISEMENTS.

AT THE GLASS FRONT,

IS HEADQUARTERS FOR

CONFECTIONS; FRUITS, NUTS.

CIGARETTES, TOBACCO, SNUFF,

25 Popular Brands of Cigars.

STATIONERY, NOTIONS,

Fancy and Staple Groceries,

POTTED MEATS AND FRESH CANDIES.

A. FULL LINE OF

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CHEAP FOB CASH.

STOP AT

^BRANSGN H83SE*

POLITE SERVANTS!
GOOD FARE !

THE WEEKLY NEWS k OBSERVER.

The Weekly News and Observer is a long
ways the best paper ever published in
North Carolina. It is a credit to the
people and to the State. The people should
take a pride in it. It should be in every
family. It is an eight page paper, chuck
full of the best sort of reading matter,
news, market reports, and all that. You
cannot afford to be without it. Price,
$1.25 a year. We will furnish the Weekly
News and Observer untilJanuary 1st, 1889,
for$l. Send for sample copy. Address,

NEWS & OBSERVER CO.,

Raleigh, N. C.

ROBERT D. JOHNSTON,

■"*=S>

Keeps constantly on hand a large and well-selected Stock of the

VERY FINEST GRADES OF

IMPORTED AISTD DOMESTIC GOODS.

FROM WHICH

FINE DRESS OR BUSINESS SUITS

Will be made up to order, at short notice,

m° IN THE BEST AND MOST IMPROVED STYJLE.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

Jl#

|npri|iyes its readers' literature of tasting, inter-
p^jM -egt and value, it 'is fully .and .beautifully
<PM\f-s*m m illustrated, and has already 'gained a more

than national circulation exceeding* 125.000
copies monthly. <3fl £/**' ./*> /*'• si§ «v ■«*■ /V <>w a.

PRICE 25 CENTS 'A NUMBER- $3.°° A YEAR-^

BM3Buaa& a^a^

a6?M^iJ^iM-^

J^ r rf . ^^ a^^is^Js^^^ with /X\eS.S P.S.

Charles 5cribne rs Jons the Publishers enable us
to offep 5CRIBNEF0S MAGAZINE with the

_ " i ■ ■ i —

UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE

At^the low combination rate of $3.40 for both. Send your
order now. Subscriptions may begin at any time.

Address, W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,

Lockbox 64. CHAPEL HILL, N.^C.

THE UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE,

Published under the auspices of The Philanthropic and Dialectic Societies of
The University of North Carolina.

Prospectus for 1888-89.

The MAGAZINE has six departments, each conducted by a student
selected with a view to his qualifications for the work in hand.

THE LITERARY DEPARTMENT is mainly intended to exhibit
the character of the work .done in the Societies, to encourage literary
efforts and co-operate with the chairs in the University in developing
a critical appreciation of the masters of the language. It is a vehicle
of communication between the Alumni of the Institution, a repository
of interesting bits of history, important results in scientific investiga-
tion and discussion of leading questions in general.

THE COLLEGE RECORD will chronicle the events of college
life. The proceedings of the Mitchell Scientific Society, the Histor-
ical Society, the work of the Shakespeare Club, the Y. M. C. A., the
Temperance Band, and the other organizations, social and literary,
which find a footing in the University, will be given in detail.

THE PERSONAL DEPARTMENT will tell what " Chapel Hill-
ians " are doing here and elsewhere, and give expression to whatever
of wit the funny editor may possess.

THE EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT will give the opinions of a
student on the current periodicals, latest books, &c, together with
such items as may be of interest to those living in the college world.

Sketches of distinguished North Carolinians, Notes of Travel, Essays
by members of the Faculty, Original poems and other papers are
being prepared for subsequent issues. Our popular Senator, HON.
Z. B. VANCE, will contribute a very interesting article to the MAGA-
ZINE during the year.

The Magazine is warmly endorsed by leading men of the State,
has bona fide subscribers all over the country, and a growing advertis-
ing patronage. It appeals for support to all the Alumni of the' Uni-
versity, to lovers of educatfon everywhere, and especially to those im-
bued with the spirit of progress that now pervades our land.

Subscribe and persuade your friends to subscribe.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

One copy one year ; . . . . . $i oo

One copy six months 75

Six copies one year 5 00

Business men will find the Magazine a good advertising medium.

Address,

W. M. HAMMOND, Business Manager,

CHAPEL SILL, iT. C.